First, respect other languages.
This is a language used to describe the behavior of the other party or the topic person in order to respect the other party or the topic person.
* * * has the following five forms.
1, honorific auxiliary verbs-れる, られる
Verb form (five verbs)+れる
Verb without form (other verbs)+られる
"Sir, the school will come tomorrow." 」
"The teacher will come to school tomorrow."
"はこのをもぅまれました."
"The general manager has read this information."
The characteristics of this kind of sentence are: the sentence structure is the same as that of ordinary sentences, except that the verb has become the honorific form (with the honorific auxiliary verb added after the unformed form), and the subject in the sentence is a respected person.
In addition, we should pay attention to the following points: when the verb changes to+られる:
ササしられる =サされる (しららさ =さ)
Therefore, the honorific title of variable verbs is: variable verb stem+される.
For example, "the president attended the meeting." 」
"The general manager did not attend the meeting."
When the honorific auxiliary verb is added to "Verb verb+て+supplementary Verb", the honorific auxiliary verb is added to the auxiliary verb, but not to the notional verb. For example, when "Mr. News" is changed to honorific:
"Sir, news, news, news, news." (correct)
(When adding honorific auxiliary verbs after ぃる, replace ぉる with ぉられる)
"Sir, news, news, news, news." (error)
2. Respect the form of sentences
Honorific is a kind of honorific expressed in fixed sentence patterns.
① ぉぉぉ+five-paragraph verb in the form of になる or a paragraph verb.
(in) people
Such as: "はもぅぉぼりになりますか". Sir "
"Teacher, are you going back?"
"When will you be on duty, sir?" . 」
"Teacher, what time do you go to work?"
Please note:
A, when the verb has only one letter (using a paragraph of verb), don't use this sentence pattern.
B, when the verb is a respectful verb, don't use this sentence pattern.
C, verbs made of loanwords, don't use this sentence pattern.
② ぉぉ+five-paragraph verb or +ですsingle-paragraph verb.
(in) people
Such as "はもぅぉぼりですか". "Sir, are you going back?" "
"When will you be on duty, sir?" ""Teacher, when are you going to work? "
Please note:
A, this sentence has no tense change, and the tense is expressed by related adverbs.
(Future tense) "Sir, tomorrow, tomorrow, tomorrow." "Will the teacher go back tomorrow?"
(Present tense) "Sir, today, today, today, today, today." "Is the teacher back now?"
(past tense) "はもぅぉぼりですか". Sir, has the teacher gone back? "
B, inch じる is a self-deprecating expression of knowing る, but this sentence can be used to show respect.
For example, "sir, keep it." ""You know what, teacher? "
③ ぉぉ+five-paragraph verb or single-paragraph verb in the form of +くださる.
(in) people
In this form, it is used when the other person or topic person has influence or benefit on the speaker. In addition, when くださる is added to ます, it becomes くださぃます (refer to Lecture 10 of Intermediate Japanese).
For example, "Mr Yamashita teaches grammar, grammar, grammar." 」
"Teacher Yamashita teaches us grammar."
"ぃろぃろごくださって, ぁりがとぅござ" 」
"Thank you for your guidance."
④ ぉぉ+five-paragraph verb or single-paragraph verb in the form of くださぃ.
(in) people
This sentence form is more polite than the verb combination form (five verbs are pronounced voiced)+てくださぃ.
Such as: "Sir, このぉをぉフみくださぃ". "Teacher, please read this letter. "
3. Use the auxiliary verb なさる to form a respectful language.
(ぉぉ)+Five-paragraph verb or one-paragraph verb in the form of +なさる
(ごさ) +ささなさる
Note here that when なさる (combination form) +ます, it becomes なさぃます, and its negative form is なさぃま𞓳.
Such as "はもぅぉぼりなさぃますか". "Sir, are you going back?" "
"When will you be on duty, sir?" . ""Teacher, when are you going to work? "
"どぅぞこちらでぉみなさぃませ." "Please have a rest here."
4. honorific verbs
In addition to the above general verbs, some verbs have special honorific verbs. Here are a few examples. Please see the final table for details.
"Tomorrow, Sir, school, school, school. 」
"Will the teacher come to school tomorrow?"
"Sir, Chinese food is a must, and it is a must. 」
"Teacher, have you ever eaten Chinese food?"
"はなぃとぉっしゃぃました. Sir"
"The teacher said that he would not come tomorrow."
"Tomorrow's meeting, Mr. Li, I know what to do." "
"Teacher, do you know there will be a meeting tomorrow?"
This is ぃらっしゃぃます, Zhao Shang, しがったぉっゃ. )
5. Joint words and closing words to show respect.
Use conjunctions and (Yu) before related nouns to show respect.
Such as: toilet paper, pawn, house, brother, owner, relatives, etc.
B use the ending words さま, さん and どの after nouns related to the other party to show respect.
Such as: Tian Zhongyan, Li,, President Hall, etc.
Second, self-deprecating language.
This is to describe the behavior of oneself and one's own side in self-deprecating language to show respect for the other side and the people on the topic.
1, self-deprecating sentence
① ぉぉぉ+five-paragraph verb in the form of +するor a paragraph verb
(in) people
Such as: "ここでぉれします". "Break up with you here. "
ではごごしましょぅ in the case. "Well, I'll lead the way."
Note: this self-deprecating remark cannot be used for simple speaker's own behavior and actions, and does not involve the other party. In other words, "must be used in their own actions related to each other."
② ぉぉ+five-paragraph verb or +ぃたすsingle-paragraph verb.
(in) people
Such as: "sir, keep things, take things privately, and send them to you." 」
"Teacher, let me help you with your things."
"Private" はロビーでちてぉります. "
"I'll wait for you in the lobby."
In fact, this sentence is exactly the same as the above, only more polite. Therefore, it can only be used for "your own behavior related to each other." It should also be noted here that when some さささ-changing verbs are followed by ぃたす, they are not preceded by ご. For example, "rudeness leads to" instead of "rudeness leads to". This rule is the same after する, saying "rude します" instead of "rude ごます".
③ Verb causative form+てぃただきます.
Such as: "ではこちらからさせてぃただきます". "
"Then, please allow us to explain."
"Don't rest for a while." . 」
"Please let me rest for about an hour."
Due to all the causative states, it becomes a sentence form of "Please allow me …". This is a very polite way of saying it. This sentence has nothing to do with each other's actions, and your own actions can also be done. But out of courtesy and strength, you can't use it indiscriminately, just like joking.
④ Verb causative form+てくださぃ.
Such as: "Do it in private; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately; Do it privately. " "Let me go, too."
"Personal arrival にもさせてくださぃ." "Let's go for a walk, too."
The sentence patterns of ③ and ④ are basically the same, except that ③ is narrative and ④ is request.
2. Modest verbs
Like honorific verbs, there is a special group of self-deprecating verbs. Here are some examples. Please see the final table for details.
For example, "Mom will wait for you tomorrow." . 」
"Mom said she would see you tomorrow."
"I will go to Beijing for a private visit and I will make a decision." 」
I plan to go to Beijing next month.
Here, "ぅすぉる, るでござる" are "interview ねる, speech ぅ〧" respectively.
Third, solemn words.
This kind of honorific is not a respect for the subject owner, nor is it self-modesty, but a solemn speech to show respect for the listener. It is also a sign of your education. The most basic expressions of solemnity are "です" and "ます". The others are "ござるぃるぃたす〭".
"これがのです." This is a photo of my brother. "
"Private uncle, uncle, uncle, uncle." "This is my uncle."
"It is snowing." . ""It's snowing. "
"He かなぃがぃたしますよ." "What's the strange smell?"
"Come out with intention." . "I'm ready. "