When the UNESCO World Heritage Committee listed Lushan Mountain as a "world cultural landscape" on the World Heritage List in 1996, it once commented: "The historical relics of Lushan Mountain are integrated with the natural beauty with outstanding value in its unique way, forming a cultural landscape with high aesthetic value and closely related to the spiritual and cultural life of the Chinese nation."
Lushan Mountain is an ancient and young mountain. As early as/kloc-0.8 billion years ago, Lushan began to uplift on the ancient land in the south of the Yangtze River. During the whole period of Paleozoic Cambrian and Silurian from 600 million to 400 million years ago, Lushan Mountain became an island reef in the ocean with the sinking of the ancient land in the south of the Yangtze River. By the end of Silurian, Lushan gradually rose. During the Paleozoic Carboniferous period from 350 million to 280 million years ago, with the sinking of the ancient land in the south of the Yangtze River, Lushan once again became an island reef in the ocean. By the middle of Mesozoic Triassic more than 200 million years ago, Lushan Mountain was slowly uplifted.
During the Mesozoic Cretaceous period more than 60 million years ago, Lushan Mountain was strongly influenced by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement for many times, and suddenly emerged as a horst-type fault block uplift, forming a spectacular appearance of Feishan Mountain.
Lushan Mountain is a typical horst-type fault-block mountain. The highest point of Lushan Mountain is Hanyang Peak at an altitude of1474m. Lushan Mountain is the dividing line about 700 meters above sea level. In areas above 700 meters above sea level, peaks stand at their respective tops. Below 700 meters above sea level is basically a cliff landform, especially in the southeast and northwest regions. There are many landforms on the mountain, such as peaks, valleys, slopes, rivers, lakes, cliffs and valleys. Since ancient times, there have been more than 70 famous peaks in Lushan Mountain, including 26 peaks, 20 canyons and 16 caves. Most rivers in Lushan Mountain flow at the geological fracture point of the valley at an altitude of about 700 meters, forming rapids and waterfalls. There are 22 famous waterfalls and 8 streams/kloc-0 in Lushan Mountain.
The unique landforms of rivers and lakes, mountains and deep valleys have created an extraordinary climate environment. Lushan Mountain, surrounded by the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, has become a foggy and rainy place because of the strong cold, warm and humid air currents sent by the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake at any time. This is a subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an annual average precipitation of over 1.900 mm, an annual average foggy day of 1.9 1 day, and an average relative humidity of 78% in the mountains. In midsummer, when the temperature at the foot of Lushan Mountain is as high as 38-40 degrees Celsius, the temperature in the mountain usually hovers between 20-28 degrees Celsius, which is really a "cool world". In the past century, the highest temperature recorded in Lushan Mountain is August 1966 degrees Celsius 32 degrees, and the lowest temperature recorded in winter is10.5-16.8 degrees Celsius+1970 degrees ... The comfortable climate and beautiful natural environment may be the reasons why Lushan Mountain has been cared for by human beings since ancient times! .
Kuanglu wonders are the best in the world, and Lushan wonders are unparalleled. The clouds on Lushan Mountain are unpredictable, which is the source of the magic and mystery of Lushan Mountain ... People just bow their heads and talk and laugh, but now they look back, but they are fascinated by the clouds, as if the "mountain" is alive ... Lushan Mountain is such a vibrant and beautiful mountain.
Lushan Mountain is a fantastic cloud, a fog fan of Lushan Mountain, and its rain is also poetic. In the hazy fog, the rain on Lushan Mountain is also hazy ... It is this unpredictable and illusory cloud, fog and rain that reflect each other, making Lushan Mountain evolve into a really interesting spiritual realm, which many sages have been pursuing for a long time.
Since then, the natural landscapes of Lushan Mountain, such as strange peaks, strange rocks, waterfalls, springs, ravines and canyons, have not only nurtured and nourished the rich and profound history and culture of Lushan Mountain, but also added a lot of magic, mystery and sacredness to Lushan Mountain.
According to legend, in the 6th century BC, a man named Kuang came here with his six brothers. When I came to this mountain, I built a thatched cottage on the mountain, where I realized the Tao and cultivated immortality. After Kuang urged the seven brothers to practice, they finally died of Tao. After the news came out, people from all over the world came to this mountain to look for the fairy tales of Kuang Cuo's brothers. Even Zhou Wenwang and King Zhou Weilie sent people to look for them. However, what a pity! They didn't find Kuang Cuo's brother, but only found the thatched cottage where Kuang Cuo's brother lived when he was practicing. Since then, people have called this mountain "Kuanglu", which means the place where the seven brothers of Kuanglu became immortals.
In Yugong, the earliest geographical work of China, Lushan Mountain is called "Ma Yuan". In Shan Hai Jing, Lushan Mountain is called "Heaven is the capital" and "The Son of Heaven is the barrier". The name "Lushan Mountain" originated from Historical Records written by Sima Qian, a famous historian of Han Dynasty in China. Sima Qian described it in Historical Records. The seventh river channel: Yu Nan climbed Lushan Mountain and visited Jiujiang in Yu Shu. Since then, Lushan Mountain has become the name of this mountain.
Since Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, there has been an endless stream of people coming to Lushan Mountain to cultivate immortals, seek Taoism and live in seclusion. Especially since the Eastern Han Emperor, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Christianity, Catholicism, Islam and other cultural systems have gathered in Lushan, relying on Lushan to develop as much as possible, making Lushan an ideal paradise for various religions and cultures. Lushan Mountain has also become the exchange center of China's North-South culture and East-West culture. Various cultures and ideas hold up the terrain of Lushan Mountain here, and they are interdependent and develop together, making Lushan Mountain the cradle of China's ancient pastoral poetry and one of the cradles of China's landscape painting. Buddhism is like the giant peak of Lushan Mountain, Taoism is like the flying spring and waterfall of Lushan Mountain, and Confucianism is like the strange stone of Lushan Mountain.
Lushan Mountain is rich in resources, with a forest coverage rate of 76.6%. There are nearly 3,000 species of higher plants, more than 2,000 species of insects, more than 70 species of birds/kloc-0 and 37 species of mammals. ) Lushan Mountain is located in the same mountain with major cultures and religions. Through the hard work and development of our ancestors, many profound natural and cultural feelings have been precipitated in human history.
Lushan Mountain is mountainous, and deep valleys, waterfalls, suspended springs and rivers and lakes are integrated into one, integrating "strangeness, beauty, heroism and danger". As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called "the first mountain in the world" by people at that time.
Lushan Mountain is a sacred cultural mountain in China, where Confucian scholars gathered in past dynasties. Over the past 2,000 years since the Han Dynasty, more than 1,000 famous people of all ages, including Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Wang Xizhi, Hui Yuan, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Wang Anshi, Zhu, Lu You, Yue Fei, Wang Yangming, Kang Youwei, Chen, Hu Shi and Xu Zhimo, have visited Lushan Mountain, leaving their footprints. Make Lushan a place of "writing books in the south".
The magic, mystery and sacredness of Lushan Mountain are created by waterfalls, rocks, geology, meteorology, plants, rivers and lakes, villas, humanities and many other factors. Spring is like a dream, summer is like drops, autumn is like drunkenness, and winter is like jade. It is a good place for people to clear their hearts and cultivate their sexuality. The whole Lushan Mountain (Guling Mountain) scenic area is divided into two tourist routes, the first route and the second route.
The main scenic spots in the first line are Xiaotianchi, Guling, Huajing, Jinxiu Valley-Xianren Cave, Datianchi-Longshou Cliff, Wulongtan-Huanglongtan-Sanbaoshu-Huanglong Temple-Cijingge-Lulin Lake, Lushan Museum, Lushan Meeting Site and Beauty Salon (modern villa group).
The main scenic spots in the second line are Hanpokou, Lushan Botanical Garden, Wulaofeng and Sandiequan.
The scenery and scenery of each line are different, which really makes you feel the interest of "not knowing the true face of Lushan Mountain".
small tianchi
Friends: Hello, everyone! The gate of Xiaotianchi Garden is about1160m above sea level, which is the gate of Guling Scenic Area in Lushan Mountain. We bought tickets and started our mountaineering trip.
Now let's start from Xiaotianchi on the hiking road on the right side of the gate of Beishan Garden. Xiaotianchi It is located at the top of Xiaotianchi Mountain in the northeast of Guling Town, Lushan Mountain, with an altitude of 12 13m. It's about two miles from the north gate of Xiaotianchi. Look, there is a round pool on the top of this mountain. Although the water in the pool is at the top of the mountain at an altitude of 1200 meters, it does not overflow or dry up all the year round. According to folklore, this pool is the eye of Lushan Mountain God.
On the bank of Xiaotianchi Lake is the only Tibetan Buddhism esoteric Ma Ning Dojo in the south of the Yangtze River-Lushan Nuonata Hospital. Ma Ning, the tantric religion of Tibetan Buddhism, was once called the "red religion". 1935, Tibetan Buddhism tantric Ningma Sect monks built the Lotus Peanut Hall and Nanuo Jingshe here. Look at the mountain peak on the left of Xiaotianchi. There stands a tower similar to the White Pagoda in Beijing, called Nano Pagoda, which is also called Lama Pagoda by Lushan people. This tower is the tomb tower of Nuonahutuketu, the 17th descendant of the lotus peanut master of Nyima Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. This tower was built in the spring of 1937, and it took one and a half years to build. The whole tower is modeled after India's Tathagata Five Wheels Tower, covering an area of 30 square meters, and the height of the whole tower is 2 1 meter. Zhong of this tower was a living Buddha in Xikang area before his death. When he was preaching Buddhism in Lushan Mountain, he took a fancy to the good feng shui in Lushan Mountain and settled down on Xiaotianchi Mountain a hundred years later.
We looked around at the top of Xiaotianchi Mountain, where there were many strange rocks. We can see the cliff with the eagle's beak and kite mouths like eagles and kites. From another perspective, it seems that all the familiar animals and people in the mountains have become the same. Looking south, Guling Town, a mountain city in the cloud, has a panoramic view. In the deep valley between Xiaotianchi Mountain and Guling Mountain, it is shaped like an open pair of scissors, which is the scissors gorge. The umbrella-shaped pavilion stands at the top of the cliff of Feijian Gorge, named Wangjiang Pavilion. In this pavilion, the Yangtze River floats in the air like a white jade belt. Standing on the top of this small Tianchi Mountain, I have a bird's eye view: the rivers and lakes are vast, the mountains are undulating, and the mountains and rivers of Poyang Lake in the Yangtze River have a panoramic view. Xiaotianchi Mountain is a good place to see the sea of clouds, the sunrise and the sunset glow.
Guling:
Guling is the political, economic, cultural and tourism center of Lushan Mountain. It is also a transportation hub leading to various scenic spots and attractions on the mountain. The elevation of the main street is1167m, and Fiona Fang Town is 46.6km.. Originally named Guniuling, Guniuling is named after the mountain looks like a running Guniuling. In the 11th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (AD 1885), the English missionary Li Deli came to Lushan in the name of missionary. Seeing the flat terrain, lush trees and clear streams in the Guling area, Li Deli colluded with the local evil gentry, forcibly rented the area in Changchong, Guniuling, and began to build roads here on 1887. Li Deli planned the land he was forced to rent, and sold the Guling land to the personnel of western powers in China by dividing the land into semicolons. At the same time, Li Deli pressured the Qing government through the British ambassador to China, forcing the local government of Jiujiang in Qing Dynasty to sign a land sale agreement with Li Deli in the 21st year of Guangxu (18951kloc-0/6). Since then, Ridley's robber form has been legalized. With the gradual development, according to the cool climate in Guling area, the British called Guniuling Guling for short according to the transliteration of English Cooling. This is a beautiful mountain city in Zhong Ling, and the whole Guniuling is divided into two parts.
The Woods here block out the sun. Nearly a thousand western-style villas with different styles were built according to the situation, with high and low levels, dotted among evergreen trees, in harmony with the surrounding environment, which is really chic and elegant. These western villas with different styles, like a set of solidified notes, left Jesus' dream of heaven on the top of Lushan Mountain. Since then, this mountain city-Guling Town has appeared at the top of Lushan Mountain.
Since then, this mountain town of Guling has been known as the "World Architecture Museum". Although it has undergone great changes, there are still 636 villas in 16 countries. Every villa has a confusing story and a mystery left over by the years.
Guling has since represented the general trend of western culture invading our China. Guling Mountain has a high terrain and is often surrounded by clouds. It is also called "Mountain City in the Clouds".
In 1930s and 1940s, Chiang Kai-shek and the then National Government went to Guling Mountain in Lushan Mountain for summer vacation and summer business. Guling in this period was called the "Summer Capital" of the National Government.
After liberation, the east-west valley of Guling became an area for recuperation, recuperation and reception of tourists. Hotels, restaurants, nursing homes and rest homes are scattered all over the place, which is where tourists come to stay in the mountain. The most charming and prosperous place in Guling Mountain City is the street we see now-Guling Street. This half-street, which bends slightly from east to west, winds at the west foot of Guniuling. She built it on the hill, forming a unique half street. Walking on the half street of Lushan Mountain makes people feel that the trees on the road are facing the sky, so it is called "Tianjie". On the left side of this street, shops, hotels, guest houses, bookstores, restaurants, stations, shopping malls and other entertainment services are hidden in the shade. Please look at the right. This street park, built in 1954, is half-moon and lies on the scissors gorge. She faces Scissors Gorge in the north and Guniuling in the south. It's a good place to watch the clouds on Lushan Mountain, watch the starry sky, watch the night in Jiujiang at night, listen to the wind and waves in the mountains, and have a heart-to-heart talk with colleagues in the mountains.
The whole park covers an area of10,000 square meters. There is a big half-moon flower bed in the center of the park, on which there is a Shi Niu waiting to be lifted. The pedestal is engraved with the word "Guling" inscribed by modern calligrapher Qi Gong, which is the symbol and symbol of Guling. This Shi Niu is made up of nine huge stones, about 2 meters high and 4 meters long. Vivid shape, full of strength and charm, like a live cow. ……
Guling is the center of Lushan Mountain, where "people's weather is different from the settlements on the ground, so don't build a world when you are new here."
Huajing
Huajing is located 2 kilometers southwest of Guling Street, with an altitude of 1035 meters. It was once the seat of Dalin Temple, one of the three famous temples in Lushan history. During the Tang Dynasty, it was known as "the first in Kuanglu". Huajing was once the place where Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, recited the poem Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple.
Ten-year-old poets Tang Chaoyuan and Bai Juyi were demoted to Jiangzhou Sima on charges of ultra vires. On April 9, in the 12th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 17), they went to the top of Lushan Mountain to visit Dalin Temple with Tolin Temple, a master performer of Lushan Fa Hui, and 17 friends.
When they stepped into the boundary of Dalin Temple, they strongly felt that the climate here was completely different from that at the foot of the mountain. At this time, it is the end of spring, the peach blossoms under Lushan Mountain have withered, and the peach blossoms here are just in bud, as if they were back in early spring and February. Bai Juyi was deeply attracted by the spring scenery in front of him. He was filled with emotion, as if he had met a bosom friend, and casually recited a seven-character quatrain: "In April, the world was beautiful everywhere, and the mountain temple blossomed. I hate that spring is nowhere to be found and I don't know where to go. " Bai Juyi was very interested in enjoying peach blossoms, so he wrote down the word "flower diameter". Since then, people have called the place where Bai Juyi enjoys peach blossoms "Bai Sima Flower Path".
Now we see the lake on the left, which is Huajing Lake. Because the whole lake is shaped like a huge violin, people call it "like a piano lake". When we get off at the lake, we can see the Huajingmen. The gate is lined with trees with "Flower Diameter", and on both sides are engraved couplets of "Flower-blooming Mountain Temple, Poems for Poets". Walk into the gate, turn right, and you can see the giant stone carving "White Horse Flower Path" inscribed by calligrapher Hu. This quiet path took us to the open grass. There is an umbrella-shaped round pavilion with a red roof on this lawn, which is the Flower Path Pavilion. The word "flower diameter" is engraved on the stone on the ground in the flower diameter pavilion, which is said to be Bai Juyi's calligraphy. This was discovered by 1929 (18th year of the Republic of China) when Li Fenggao, a native of Hanyang, Hubei, visited Dalin Temple. Li Fenggao was glad that he had rediscovered the mystery of the stone after losing it for more than 1000 years. So he invited celebrities and celebrities on Lushan Mountain to raise funds and donate money, built "Baijing Pavilion" and "Huajing Pavilion" here, and replanted more than 500 peach trees, reappearing the peach blossom scenery in the past. It also makes Huajing a gathering place for literati.
196 1 year, Ruqin Lake was built on the site of Dalin Temple, and the lake and related pavilions formed the current Huajing Garden. 1988, Bai Juyi, a great poet, was invited to enter the park and kept Huajing company in the thatched cottage next to Ai Temple. At present, Bai Juyi Cottage has a "Bai Juyi Cottage showroom" to show visitors the changes of the Cottage. The statue of Bai Juyi carved by the famous sculptor Wang Keqing in 1996 stands in front of Bai Juyi Caotang. This thatched cottage reconstructed from Bai Juyi's Lushan Cottage covers an area of 65 square meters, which reproduces the poetic and picturesque scenery of the bamboo fence thatched cottage. Huajing Park is full of flowers at four o'clock, with old and new pavilions and steles, secluded paths and pleasant lakes and mountains.
Xiufeng
Friend: Hello, Xiufeng is located at the southern foot of Lushan Mountain, with numerous peaks and peaks. Throughout the ages, there has been a saying that "the beauty of Lushan Mountain lies in the south of the mountain, and the beauty of the south of the mountain lies in Xiufeng". There are He Mingfeng, who spreads his wings, Gui Xingfeng, who crawls like a tortoise, Lu Xiangfeng, who is like a censer, and Shuangjian Peak, Sister Peak and Sleeping Girl Mountain. Between Shuangjian Peak and Guixing Peak, and between Guixing Peak and He Mingfeng, there are also two waterfalls on Lushan Mountain, which go straight down to thousands of feet. Here, there are beautiful peaks, beautiful waterfalls, green forests and beautiful pools, creating a beautiful scenery of competing peaks.
Before entering Xiufeng Scenic Area, the beauty of Lushan Waterfall has caught our eye. Two broad white objects appeared on the cliff in front of us, namely Lushan Waterfall. Because of the distance, I feel still now, which is the artistic conception of "looking at the waterfall before the river" written by the great poet Li Bai. The Lushan Waterfall written by Li Bai is composed of the ponytail water in the East Waterfall and the yellow cliff in the West Waterfall. As the distance between us and the waterfall decreases, we can fully feel the realm in Li Bai's poems.
Walking into Xiufeng, facing the stream in the forest, a small door appeared, with a plaque inscribed by Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. This is the former site of Xiufeng Temple, one of the five jungles in Lushan Mountain.
Xiufeng Temple, formerly known as Kaixian Temple, was the place where Li Jing, the main emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, studied before he ascended the throne. When the master became emperor, he gave the reading platform where he studied in Lushan Mountain as a child to a monk as a temple. It was named "Kaixian Temple" probably because Li Jing thought it was a good omen for his founding. After the completion of Kaixian Temple in 95 1 A.D., Li Jing, a Chinese master, personally selected the then monk Shaozong to become the abbot of Kaixian Temple. With the direct support of the Emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Kaixian Temple has since become an important Dojo of China Qingyuan Sect.
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kaixian Temple had an increasing influence on Lushan Mountain. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, many good things happened in Kaixian Temple. First of all, the temple has been rebuilt and expanded by the government for four times, and its development has reached its maximum period. Secondly, since the monk Yuan Chao entered Kaixian Temple in the 31st year of Kangxi (A.D. 1692), he has strengthened the management in the temple and expanded the contact and communication with the outside world. Emperor Kangxi once presented his Prajna Heart Sutra and Jiang Yan's poem From Wang Jianping to Lushan censer Peak to Kaixian Temple.
During Emperor Kangxi's sixth southern tour, the abbot of Kaixian Temple in Yuan Chao issued a letter to meet him safely. Emperor Kangxi gave the first temple a new name "Xiufeng Temple", and the accompanying prince also wrote "Sprinkle Pine Snow" for Xiufeng.
Master Guanyin is a bust of Guanyin painted by a monk in Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty. Later, it was painted into a full-length portrait by the Yuan Dynasty painter Jiang, which is quite similar to the painting style of the famous painter Wu Daozi. The whole portrait outlines the plump and solemn Guanyin image with smooth lines, which is full of charm in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and wants to be called "Tiexian Guanyin". The Guanyin statue on the iron chain is carved with bluestone made in Xing Zi. This monument is four meters high and two meters wide.
Shuangguitang is the abbot's room, and in front of Xiufeng Temple, two osmanthus trees have witnessed many benefits here. There is an old well behind Shuangguitang, and the water in the well is still sweet. Also known as "Lingquan", these three words are Mo Bao of Huang Tingjian. Lingquan Houshan is the reading platform of Li Jing, a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The railing on the desk full of southern Tang style is the owner's relic. It was really carved with jade, but Zhu Yan changed it. The plaque of "Climbing Mount Lushan censer peak from Wang Jianping" presented by Emperor Kangxi to the monks in Xiufeng Temple is still standing in Taichung. There are three wonderful things about this monument. First, Jiang Yan's poems describing the wind of Xiang Lu are good. Second, it was written by Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. Third, Emperor Kangxi copied it himself. Really good scenery, good poetry and good calligraphy.
There are many ancient cliff carvings scattered between the cliffs under the reading platform. The most famous works are Ode to the Prosperous Tang Dynasty by Yan Zhenqing, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, seven buddha by Huang Tingjian, a famous calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, and Memorial Tablet by Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty.
Qingyuxia Longtan is the meeting place of water in Lushan Mountain. The two waterfalls hang down separately, and they are connected together. The original rushing water, after settling in Longtan, slowly flows out from the cracks in the rounded stones. This is called "Shuyu". On the Shuyu Pavilion, tasting Shuyu is a high realm. There are more than 0/00 cliff stone carvings/kloc-carved on the Longtan wall since the Song Dynasty, including The First Mountain and Jade Gorge by Mi Fei in the Song Dynasty, Dragon by Li Yi, the prefect of Song Nankang, Lushan Mountain by Zhu, etc. ...
Looking up at the waterfall under the waterfall, I saw the waterfall water rushing down, as if connected with the sky, and it was suspected that the Milky Way had fallen into the world.