Xiang Yu, the former overlord of Chu, can't change the fact that Chu was shattered, even if he has unparalleled magic soldiers. On the banks of the Wujiang River, it has been surrounded by the enemy, symbolizing the prosperous Chu songs floating in the air, far away and tactfully. At this moment, his unyielding heart began to weaken. Seeing countless brothers lying around him, he was annoyed at his headstrong attitude and regretted burying the good situation of Chu and the lives of his brothers in his own hands. With deep regret, he put the knife rest around his neck. In an instant, blood stained the banks of the Wujiang River, reflecting half the sky. The sunset is like blood, and the songs of Chu are still sad and moving. A giant fell, but left infinite regret for future generations.
"Although it is difficult to pull out the mountain, it makes the world angry, but when it is unfavorable, it will not die. What can you do if it doesn't die? " Xiang Yu showed some sadness and helplessness in Gaixia Song. In my opinion, he is a polygon full of corners. Even if he is heroic and ambitious, he can only indulge his head when he is under siege. Desolate praise can only be accompanied by rolling Wujiang River. How does he face the elders in Jiangdong? His spirit, his suddenness and his prominence make history afraid of three points. The first emperor who "ordered eight States to go to the same column and swallowed two States to die" disturbed the world all day long. How can he tolerate Xiang Yu's "pulling mountains and shaking the world"?
Theme 2: "Life Design" and "Process and Result of Efforts"
Wu Jiang Ge Du Mu Dieti Wu Jiang Ge Wang Anshi
Unexpected winning or losing is a man's military plan. A brave man who has suffered many battles and is exhausted mourns, and it is difficult to recover from the defeat of the Central Plains.
There are many talented children in Jiangdong. Whether they will make a comeback is still unknown. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for you?
Note: Wujiang Pavilion is located in Wujiangpu County, Anhui Province. Xiang Yu was defeated and fled here. Director Wujiang Pavilion asked him to cross Jiangdong by boat. Xiang Yu said, "I took 8,000 children across the river westbound in Jiangdong, but now no one has come back. How should I face it? " This is suicide.
At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chu and Han contended, which ended in Xiang Yu's defeat in Wujiang River. Later generations always want to analyze the reasons for the failure of this generation through the dust of history and learn some historical lessons from it. Du Fu's poems point out bluntly that victory or defeat is a common occurrence among military strategists. Therefore, an excellent soldier should be proud of victory and persevere in failure, especially when he is hit hard and in a desperate situation. This is a real man. Imagine that if he could listen to Wujiang's advice, return to Jiangdong and regroup, then history might be rewritten. While expressing sympathy and regret for Xiang Yu's failure, Du Fu's poems satirized his stubbornness and lack of self-knowledge. But what is particularly admirable is that the poet expressed a proposition with positive significance with the title: perseverance can succeed. Starting from historical facts, Wang's poems point out that Xiang Yu's failure is a historical necessity. Three or four sentences pointed out with bitter rhetorical questions: Du Mu is too naive. Even if Xiang really returns to Jiangdong, are Jiangdong children willing to work for such an unpopular and stubborn person? "Make a comeback" is just an idiotic dream. Wang's poems are pungent and cold, and it is the key to success or failure to grasp the hearts of the people, which can be described as hitting the nail on the head. He mercilessly pointed out the most fundamental reason for Xiang Yu's failure, which was quite a politician's vision.
Xiang Yu
Looking at you standing on the edge of the Wujiang River, you are heroic and full of pride. I believe what people forget is your embarrassment under siege, but what they remember is your lofty sentiments, your generosity and your infatuation. Suicide by throwing yourself into the river is caused by your generosity, so people will only remember your generosity, and your reputation as a "ghost hero" is innocent. People still remember you. No wonder Li Qingzhao wants to say "I miss Xiang Yu so far". The title of the national volume in 2005 is Forgetting and Memory. ) Which is bigger? Forget the helplessness of failure and remember the figure of a hero.
Face is defined as "face" in people's dictionaries. In the hero's sight, it is interpreted as "dignity".
Xiang Yu used to be heroic, and the overlord on the Wujiang River suffered from being besieged on all sides. Because of this "face", he bid farewell to his concubine and threw himself into the river, becoming a "ghost hero". What are the benefits of losing face? For real heroes, life is not enough to cherish face and feet! In 2005, the Jiangxi volume of the college entrance examination was titled "Face". ) the relationship between face and life, dignity and life. I agree with the heroic act of giving up my life for dignity.
◆ Fan Wen: I saw Xiang Yu —— Thoughts on Reading The Hongmen Banquet
Li Qingzhao has a poem saying: "Be a hero when you are born, and be a ghost hero when you die. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. " In the eyes of many people, Xiang Yu is a hero who is loyal to the liver and righteous. His all-round career and invincible record set off a surging wave at the turn of Qin and Han Dynasties. Once upon a time, the whole world admired it for thousands of years. It is precisely because of this that Xiang Yu has become a respected figure in all previous dynasties and is really admired by future generations.
However, Xiang Yu is a tragic historical figure after all. His tragedy is not only a tragedy of history, but also a tragedy of character, and his tragic character undoubtedly publicized his personality charm. (argument)
The greatest charm of Xiang Yu's character lies in his "righteousness", which just explains his personal tragedy (argument). The ancients said, "Those who are righteous should also be righteous." There is another cloud: "Enough is enough". It is conceivable that as long as we do it properly and speak it appropriately, we can call it "righteousness". However, there is no absolute standard for "righteousness". Xiang Bo tipped off Sean for saving his life, which can be called "righteousness", but this move objectively helped Liu Bang and saved Pei Gong from danger at the Hongmen banquet, which is also called "injustice". When the two armies confronted each other, Xiang Yu couldn't bear to kill Liu Bang, which finally achieved Liu Bang's hegemony. It is really "righteousness" to the enemy, but it is not "righteousness" to yourself. Xiang Yu's "woman's benevolence" and "benevolence and righteousness" are essentially opposite. It can be said that Xiang Yu's emphasis on righteousness over reason is the greatest tragedy of his character. (The relationship between reason and emotion, Xiang Yu's emotion is greater than reason)
Xiang Yu's character tragedy is also manifested in his headstrong. Han Xin began under the command of Xiang Yu, "Don't listen, don't draw, so it belongs to Han"; Chen Ping, in order to serve, "tired of remonstrance, sealed his golden seal, died with a sword and returned to the Chinese and Wu languages". Both of them have great experience and can help the world, but they are not used by Xiang Yu. Fan Zeng, his father, devoted himself to it, so he was suspected. Finally, Han Xin built a plank road in the Ming Dynasty and sneaked into Chencang; Seven accidents, Chen Ping was trapped by the king. Ambush on all sides, forcing Xiang Yu to Jiangdong is Sean; It was Wang Xiang's "old friend" Wang Ming who took Xiang Yu's head at Wujiang Ferry. Wang Xiang's stubbornness finally made him taste the consequences of "being besieged on all sides". It can be said that relying too much on force and ignoring ingenuity is also an important reason for Xiang Yu's character tragedy. Another reason should be that we can't make good use of people, don't listen to people, distrust, doubt and waste talents. (contrast technology)
"If you pull a mountain, you will be angry. If it is unfavorable, you will not die." I can't help it if I don't die, and I can't help worrying. "Xiang Yu's pathetique has undoubtedly become the eternal farewell. If Xiang Yu doesn't stick to the narrow "righteousness", if Xiang Yu ... then, the person who is in high spirits, dressed and returned to his hometown, and sings "Song of the Wind": "The wind blows and clouds fly, Jia Wei returns to his hometown and is safe on all sides" may not be Liu Bang.
Miss Xiang Yu: Walking into Gaixia.
Grasp the emotional clues of this article and find the corresponding words in the article.
It was dusk when we reached under the cover. After more than 500 kilometers, I was exhausted. When I got off the bus, I walked eagerly to the site under the cover. There was a sudden gust of wind, which made people shake a little. Finally, the website is in front of me. I stood in front of the stone tablet written by the Anhui Provincial People's Government with the four characters "Gaixia Site" and looked at the heavy dusk. Behind him, it is already a million lights.
(The environment is dark and there is plenty of light. In this environment, Xiang Yu has a heavy sense of history. )
Gaixia Site is located in Haocheng Town, Guzhen County (formerly Lingbi County), Anhui Province. In 65438+February, 202 BC, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu launched an unprecedented decisive battle here, which was later listed as one of the seven major battles in the world by military strategists. In the battle, Xiang Yu stationed troops and dominated the city. Overlord City is a earthen city with an oval shape, covering an area of more than 400 mu. After more than two thousand years of wind and rain, the outline of the earth wall is faintly visible. Although the moat is blocked by silt, its old appearance is particularly clear. Today, the sites under Gai are all over rural villages, and the village on Bawang City is called Gucheng Village.
(Pay attention to the role of the moon, set off the scene with emotion, tragic) The moon has risen and there is a halo around it. The moon tonight is like a tear hanging in the depths of time and space. I felt freezing cold in the moonlight. Speaking of Xiang Yu, what a hero he is. After he started from Jiangdong, after more than 70 battles, he was invincible and shocked the world. Think about the Battle of Julu. How brave he and his soldiers were. They only brought three days' rations, burned the camp and burned the boat! But when he was in mourning, the lion was still trapped, and the Han army was lying in ambush on all sides. Every beat of the drum, every cry, is a hero in despair. Was that night more than two thousand years ago like this moonlight tonight? Embattled on all sides, he was frightened and said, "Is Han Dechu?" How many people are there? "Put on clothes, drink alone in the tent, and lament generously:" It will be bad to pull up mountains and anger the world. What can you do if you don't die? "What did Yu Canji say? No amount of comfort can change the status quo. All she can do is show that she and Xiang Yu are not seeking the same life but dying together. She drew her sword as light as snow and said as she danced, "The Han soldiers are weak, the songs of Chu are everywhere, and the king is tired. How can concubines live "Heroic beauty, one song and one harmony", both sides are crying and dare not look up. "Yu Ji's song" Leading to the Neck ". This is the last moment of a peerless beauty's life, and there is a tragic atmosphere between heaven and earth. The tears of heroes and the blood of beautiful women are scattered, mixed and flowing in the wind. What is more heartbreaking in the world?
That night, was the full moon like tears tonight? "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." Farewell My Concubine has been singing generously and sadly on the Beijing Opera stage for many years. Farewell my concubine, always say goodbye. Life is a constant farewell, farewell to childhood, farewell to hometown, farewell to relatives. People have to say goodbye to themselves at the end, so they have finished their lives. (from the image of the moon to parting)
Xiang Yu's mourning poems express the helplessness and sadness of a desperate hero. Ji Chuan, a Japanese scholar, even thinks that this poem "regards human beings as unstable beings under the control of impermanent providence" (China Poetry History, Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House). "What can I do if I don't die?" This is a tragic and intense inquiry into the hopeless road of future fate. Ambush on all sides, besieged on all sides, is the abyss The tragic swan song of this desperate hero always makes people have a strong sound.
If you lose, you lose. Set a tragic coordinate between heaven and earth. Fortunately, history never talks about heroes by success or failure. However, people are always dissatisfied with being defeated by people like Liu Bang. What kind of person is Liu Bang? According to historical records, he is a "good drinker and lecherous". He is a quasi-hooligan, who often drinks on credit, stinks of alcohol and is lewd. He is not as clever and brave as Xiang Yu. After he started fighting, he lost and fought again and again. Like Gou Jian, he was able to bear the burden of humiliation. When Xiang Yu wanted to cook and kill his father, he shouted for a piece of the action. Xiang Yu wanted to fight him. He smiled and said, "I would rather fight with wisdom than with strength." Bai Yang, a writer, compared Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to strong men and flies, which is very accurate. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu agreed not to invade each other by dividing the gap. Xiang Yu retreated to Guanzhong and was in a weak position, so he seized the opportunity to hit people when they were down. In a word, Liu Bang possessed the basic qualities of a feudal politician. In contrast, Xiang Yu is much inferior in this respect. Perhaps, God arranged for this character to appear in order to make him a thrilling hero and tragedy, not to make him an emperor. The difference between a hero and an emperor is that Xiang Yu is a hero rather than an emperor. The emperor can intrigue and play tricks, but he can't. )
The northern Anhui plain is fertile and Ma Pingchuan. Villages and pastoral areas look simple and solemn in the moonlight like water, and there is a great beauty in the ruins of Kuixia.
Moonlight is like a blade (turning tears into swords). Walking in the ancient battlefield of Gaixia, you will unconsciously walk into that sad atmosphere. The moat winds away and is covered with reeds. There are many Robinia pseudoacacia on the site, and the branches that have not turned blue look like arrows and chaos under the moon. Besides Robinia pseudoacacia, there is my favorite paulownia tree-except in my childhood hometown, I haven't seen this tree for almost ten years, and my sad mood has some warmth. In a few days, there will be white Sophora japonica flowers and blue paulownia flowers everywhere, and the knife light will disperse, and the air is already full of flowers.
Gaixia site is not as popular as other tourist attractions, and the tourists are woven. The site is basically in the undeveloped stage, which is more natural, more real, more tragic and more suitable for my mood. I had a long chat with a middle-aged man in the village. He said that when I was a child, the earth wall here was more than one person high. I asked him if there were many tourists here at ordinary times. He doesn't say much, but a lot. A few years ago, several groups of foreign tourists came here. Gaixia, a miserable place, I feel a little cold when I stand here.
In the morning, the wind blew all night. When I got up, I found that the moon in the western sky was as crisp as a piece of paper. On the ancient battlefield, an early farmer was taking care of his wheat field.
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang
(Thinking: What are the evaluations of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, and why Liu Bang finally won the world)
Xiang Yu should be a real hero.
When he was young, he led an army of 8,000 to start an uprising in Jiangdong, and was finally killed by soldiers. There is not a fragment in his short life that he didn't kill to his heart's content. Even his last desperate failure left an earth-shattering and weeping splendor for history. A flash in the pan, just want to live well.
Xiang Yu is simple, so simple that there is no room for half in his eyes. At this point, he is more like a child, black and white, good and evil are too clear, and he doesn't know the truth of harmony. In this way, he felt guilty about his biggest enemy and was carried away by two or three sentences. His downfall should be his own fate But it is also the case that Xiang Yu left us a more vivid impression than Liu Bang.
On the other hand, Liu Bang is by no means a real gentleman. Aside from a few excuses accompanied by truth and falsehood, and the fact that it is hidden, we can see this sly fox clearly with those words "What can I do for it" and changing the name from Jun to Gong. Liu Bang can never afford to be a real hero, but of course he can afford to be a real hero. He listens to his subordinates' suggestions and can carry them out consistently, instead of being capricious and indecisive like Xiang Yu. What's more, Liu Bang is proficient in improvisation. This makes him not fall behind whether he wins the hearts of the people or gets cold feet. His prosperity can be said to be the result of his ultimate transformation along the way.
The hongmen banquet turned the balance of history, which is not without warning. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang's respective ways to conquer the world appeared an inflection point at the Hongmen banquet, and because of this inflection point, the Han Dynasty lasted for a hundred years, and they had a farewell song in the rustling wind on the Wujiang River:
It is difficult to pull out the mountain, but you will not die when it is unfavorable. I can't help it without dying, but I can't.
A failed hero-Xiang Yu
Since ancient times, people have thought that "the winner is king and the loser is the enemy". In the dispute between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, although Liu Bang won the world and unified the whole country, although Xiang Yu was besieged on all sides and hanged himself in Wujiang River, I think Xiang Yu is the real hero, a real man with flesh and blood and masculinity.
To the world, Xiang Yu is an outstanding person; Xiang Yu is a hero to the whole world.
Xiang Yu attaches great importance to feelings and righteousness, and is aboveboard. He would rather die than drag out an ignoble existence. Liu Bang was afraid of death and put his men's lives at risk for many times, which was a bear's behavior. At the hongmen banquet, yafu hinted that he had not turned a blind eye. Xiang Zhuang in the sword, as long as stop Xiang Bo "sword, often cover yourself with wings", as long as he a gesture, a look, Xiang Zhuang can stab liu bang. But he didn't. It's not that he doesn't know that the tiger will return to the mountain, and the consequences are unimaginable. It is "willing to fight to the death with Hanwang, not suffering the people of the world." This is not a woman's benevolence, but a gentleman's degree. Xiang Yu attached great importance to emotion and righteousness, but Liu Bang used Xiang Yu to attach great importance to emotion and righteousness and betrayed Xiang Yu twice.
Xiang Yu is a human being. He was brilliant, eight feet tall, able to carry the tripod, outspoken, generous and brave. When he saw the wounded soldiers, he burst into tears and shared his food with them. Be respectful and speak kindly; A strong man's appearance has a kind woman's heart. But Liu Bang is very treacherous. He heard that Xiang Yu wanted to cook his father, but he said frankly, "My father is your father. Don't forget to leave me a bowl of soup. "
Xiang Yu is full of true feelings. Although Xiang Yu has a prominent position and won numerous fame in the world, he is also full of true feelings about his beauty, including the beautiful horse that accompanied him to farmland. When besieged on all sides, in the tent and under the lonely lamp, Xiang Yu drank wine alone, with tears in his eyes and a tragic atmosphere, and generously sang: "I will be angry when I pull out the mountain, and I will never die." What can I do without dying? An eternal swan song was born in this way, drifting in the tunnel of years.
Although Xiang Yu failed, he is still a hero among heroes. Although he lost his country and body, he won himself back, even though he died.