Legal analysis: writing a paper on behalf of others does not constitute a crime. The paper written on behalf of the author belongs to commissioned works, and the copyright law stipulates the copyright ownership of commissioned works from the perspective of protecting the author's rights. Writing papers on behalf of others does not violate the copyright provisions of the law, but at the level of academic papers, it should violate the relevant management system. It is illegal, but it does not constitute a crime. It is clear that academic misconduct, such as buying and selling papers, writing papers for others or writing papers for others, will be treated as illegal. The act of writing and buying and selling papers can only be dealt with by administrative regulations, and criminal law has no way to intervene.

Legal basis: Article 27 of the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities. After investigation, it is confirmed that the reported person has one of the following acts in scientific research and related activities, which shall be deemed as academic misconduct:

(1) Plagiarism, plagiarism or misappropriation of academic achievements of others;

(two) tampering with other people's research results;

(3) Forging scientific research data, materials, documents and notes, or fabricating facts or misrepresenting research results;

(4) Without participating in the research or creation, signing the research results and academic papers, improperly using others' signatures without others' permission, fictional collaborators * * * have the same signature, or many people * * * jointly complete the research without indicating others' work and contribution in the results;

(five) providing false academic information in the process of reporting topics, achievements, awards and job evaluation, and applying for a degree;

(six) buying and selling papers, writing papers for others or writing papers for others;

(seven) other acts that are academic misconduct according to the rules formulated by institutions of higher learning or relevant academic organizations and relevant scientific research management institutions.