Pinyin: Jing Lu
Explanation: TCM refers to the trunk and branch of qi and blood circulation in human body.
The shallow definition of meridians is: the external expression of the pleasant part of human body condition.
Foreign languages: meridians, vessels, branches, subfields, networks.
The original meaning of "Jing" is "longitudinal silk", which means path. Simply put, it is the main path in the meridian system, which exists in the body, runs through the top and bottom, and communicates inside and outside; The original meaning of "network" is "network". Simply put, it is the auxiliary road separated from the main road, which exists on the surface of the car body and criss-crosses the whole body. "Lingshu Pulse Degree" says: "The meridian is the inside, the branch and the horizontal are the collaterals, and the other is the sun." This means that the size and depth of the pulse are different, namely "meridians", "collaterals" and "sun pulse". The main contents of channels and collaterals are: the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, Eight Meridians of Strange Meridians, Fifteen Collateral Meridians, the twelve meridians and Twelve Skin Branches. Among them, twelve meridians are the main meridians and fifteen meridians are the main meridians. They intersect vertically and horizontally and spread all over the body, connecting the inside and outside of the human body, viscera and limbs into an organic whole.
Meridian of the zodiac calendar: loading machines, weaving, harvesting silkworms, loading spinning wheels and loading machines.
Meridian is an energy exchange channel among cell groups, body fluids and tissue fluids, forming a network cluster with low resistance, neural information and bioelectrical signals. Fractal cell group-self-regulation-nerve-body fluid synergistic model of meridians (Deng Yu et al.)
The hypothesis of nerve-humoral, nerve-endocrine-immune, which is based on meridian cell groups and lasts for many years, has many advantages. It takes a lot of effort and twists and turns to explain simple meridian phenomena such as nerve-body fluid hypothesis easily and naturally. If the modern, exquisite, solid, simple and single meridian cell social model is applied to the traditional ancient (classical) and rough characteristics, it will be that nerve regulation and body fluid regulation are complementary, and the meridian cell group model will be integrated to make it more holistic in traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, it is more holistic (comprehensive) than the general multi-system cooperative mode of meridian cell group-nerve-humoral system or the multi-system cooperative theory of cell society -gap- nerve-humoral system, cell -gap- connective tissue-blood vessel-lymph-humoral system (endocrine-immunity) (Rao Pingfan, Liu Shutao, Guo Jingke, etc. )
Through the improvement and application of free radical imaging technology, a clear linear route consistent with meridians is found in organisms. It is the clearest meridian development map in the world at present. And in simple obesity, the method of eliminating free radicals at acupoints is used to obtain similar curative effect as acupuncture, which is an improvement in effectively proving the relationship between free radicals and meridians. The journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine encouraged it by publishing an editorial.
At the same time, acupoint anti-oxidation intervention can also detect the changes of corresponding acupoint voltage, and link anti-oxidation, meridians and bioelectricity.
However, it should be pointed out that the magazine Bioscience Hypotheses, which helped Rao Pingfan, Liu Shutao and Guo Jingke publish their papers, is not a journal of SCI papers, and some people broke the news that the magazine asked for space fees. The papers published in this hypothesis magazine are not authoritative and are not recognized by mainstream science in the world. The magazine was founded in April 2008 and closed in June 2009 +065438+ 10. It can be said that it is a very short-lived magazine. In its published papers, we should also be cautious about its seriousness. Meridian theory is one of the cores of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which originated in ancient times and serves today. In the long medical history of more than two thousand years, it has been playing an important role in safeguarding the health of the Chinese nation.
Huangdi Neijing said: "Meridian, life, sick, human medicine, sick." Meridians, on the other hand, are "hidden and divide flesh, deep but invisible, and all those who float and pass are collaterals", which has the characteristics of "deciding life and death, dealing with all diseases, and regulating excess and deficiency, which cannot be blocked". Therefore, acupuncture "wants to open its meridians with micro-needles, regulate its blood gas, organize its unfavorable and unobstructed channels, and pass them on to future generations." It can be seen that the meridian theory has a decisive guiding role in the practice of various disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine.
What are meridians and where do they exist in the human body? What are the functions of meridians and how are they realized? These problems are not only important topics for Chinese and foreign scientists to study, but also mysteries that ordinary people really want to know. Up to now, although the research on meridians has achieved considerable results and made great progress, both experimental research and hypothesis demonstration are still in the stage of formation and accumulation of scientific data and theoretical theories. Therefore, scientific conclusions about meridians need long-term and arduous exploration and research.
Two thousand five hundred years ago, the first medical classic Huangdi Neijing was born in China. In this classic, there is an important concept throughout the book, that is, meridians. Meridian is the general name of meridian. The ancients found that there were some routes running through the whole body, called meridians. It is also found that there are some branches on these trunk lines, and there are smaller branches on them. The ancients called these branches collaterals, and "pulse" is the general concept of this structure.
The understanding of meridians in Huangdi Neijing comes from a large number of clinical observations, and the documents recording these clinical observations are gradually found in the unearthed cultural relics such as Mawangdui silk book, Zhangjiashan bamboo slips and Mianyang Woodenhead meridian model. These early documents mainly describe the meridian system, involving three ancient medical methods: one is moxibustion, the other is bian (a medical skill of treating diseases with stones), and the third is introduction (an ancient qigong). Meridian is the application of these three medical skills.
Zhang Zhongjing, the "ancestor of alchemy" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who is known as the "life-saving fairy", developed the meridian theory on the basis of Huangdi Neijing. In his view, human diseases spread from the exterior to the interior through a pathway called "Sun-Yangming-Shaoyang-Taiyin-Shaoyin-Jueyin", and different methods should be adopted according to the meridians to which the diseases belong. For example, in the early stage, the cold and cold disease is in the sun meridian, so it should be treated with Mahuang decoction. His Treatise on Febrile Diseases is also one of the four classic works of TCM.
In this era of environmental pollution, full of antibiotics and additives, natural therapy has attracted more and more attention, among which meridian health preservation and meridian therapy have been sought after by countless people, and many Chinese medicine practitioners have paid more attention to the protection of human meridian health. Although medical technology is very advanced, it is impossible for us to bring a doctor 24 hours a day. If you feel unwell, the doctor can't treat you right away. Besides, in this era, there are still many people who look down on the disease and go to the hospital for a set of tests. Hundreds of dollars are gone, they can prescribe some medicine and go in for hundreds more. Therefore, it is necessary for us to master some methods of self-care and disease prevention by using meridians and acupoints, which is equivalent to having a "health doctor" around, which is convenient and saves time and money.
With the development of smelting technology, people have made metal needles, called microneedles, and used them to treat meridians. Huangdi Neijing is divided into two parts, one of which is called Lingshu Jing, also known as Acupuncture Jing, which is a book dedicated to treating meridians with micro-needles. Huangdi Neijing made a systematic summary of meridians. In addition to meridians, new concepts such as collaterals, meridians, tendons, skin and strange meridians have been added, which together constitute the meridian system and become the most important physiological structure of the human body in the eyes of the ancients. Huangdi Neijing also expounds the functions of meridians, that is, promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, balancing yin and yang, nourishing bones and muscles, smoothing joints, connecting zang-fu organs with exterior and interior, and transmitting diseases and evils. The understanding of the meridian system and its function in Huangdi Neijing mainly comes from long-term clinical observation, and also includes some inferential analysis results and analogy descriptions. Because the concept system of Huangdi Neijing was more than two thousand years ago, it has brought great difficulties to modern people to understand its ideological connotation. Therefore, it is the task of TCM researchers to reveal the connotation of classical concepts of meridians from literature and experiments. Traditional Chinese medicine calls the physiological function of meridians "Qi of meridians". Its physiological function is mainly manifested in the connection between exterior and interior, connecting viscera; Qi and blood flow to nourish viscera and tissues;
1. Shallow dredging, dredging viscera: The human body consists of five internal organs, four limbs, five senses and nine orifices, flesh and blood, etc. Each part has its unique physiological function. Only through the connection of meridians can these functions achieve mutual cooperation and coordination, so that the human body can form an organic whole.
2. Qi-blood circulation nourishes viscera and tissues: Qi-blood is the material basis of human life activities, which can only be distributed throughout the body through meridians, so as to warm and nourish viscera and organs and maintain normal physiological functions of the body.
3. Inductive conduction: Meridian has the function of inducing stimulation and transmitting information. When a certain part of the human body is stimulated, this stimulation can be introduced into the relevant organs of the human body along the meridians, causing corresponding physiological or pathological changes. These changes can be reflected on the body surface through meridians. "Deqi" in acupuncture and moxibustion is the concrete embodiment of the inductive conduction function of meridians.
4. Regulating the functional activities of zang-fu organs: Meridian can regulate the functional activities of human body to keep it in harmony and balance. When an organ of human body has abnormal function, acupuncture and other treatment methods can be used to further stimulate the regulation function of meridians and restore the abnormal organ to normal. In clinic, the meridian theory can be used to explain diseases, assist disease diagnosis and guide clinical treatment.
1, indicating the lesion.
Meridian is closely related to the occurrence and spread of diseases. If the function of a meridian is abnormal, it will be easily invaded by external evils. After illness, exogenous pathogens can further spread to the viscera along the meridians. Meridian is not only the transmission way of exogenous evil from the outside to the inside, but also the way of interaction between zang-fu organs and between zang-fu organs and body surface tissues.
2. Assist in disease diagnosis
Because meridians have certain circulation parts and viscera collaterals, they can reflect the diseases and syndromes of viscera. Therefore, according to the symptoms of the disease, combined with the meridian position and related viscera, it can be used as the basis for clinical diagnosis. Such as hypochondriac pain, many diseases are in the liver and gallbladder, and hypochondriac pain is the circulation place of liver meridian and gallbladder meridian. People diagnose and treat diseases according to the pain, nodules, rope-like reactants, skin morphology, temperature and resistance changes in the meridians along the meridians or in some acupoints where meridian qi gathers. For example, if the lung is diseased, Zhongfu point may have tenderness.
3. Guide clinical treatment.
Meridian theory has long been widely used to guide the treatment of various clinical subjects, especially acupuncture, massage and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. For example, the method of selecting points along meridians in acupuncture is the concrete application of meridian theory. Such as stomach trouble, often take Zusanli point along the meridian; For hypochondriac pain, choose Taichong point, etc. Chinese medicine treatment is also through the channel of meridians, so that drugs can reach the sick place to play its therapeutic role. For example, ephedra enters the lung and bladder meridian, so it can perspire, relieve asthma and induce diuresis. Zhang Jiegu and Gao Li, among the four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, also founded the theory of "quoting classics according to drugs" according to the meridian theory. For headaches, Notopterygium is used to treat the sun meridians; Bupleurum is used for shaoyang meridian. Meridians include the twelve meridians, Eight Veins of Strange Meridians, the twelve meridians and Fifteen Collaterals. The twelve meridians is the trunk of meridians, which is "hidden in the official organs (viscera) and collateral in the branches" (On Ling Shu Hai).
The twelve meridians is an expert branch of the twelve meridians on chest, abdomen and head. Eight strange meridians have special distribution and certain functions. Fifteen collaterals refer to the the twelve meridians of the human body, plus Ren meridian in front of the trunk, Du meridian behind the trunk, and spleen collateral on the side of the trunk, totaling fifteen collaterals. The twelve meridians is divided into lung meridian of hand Taiyin, large intestine meridian of hand Yangming, stomach meridian of foot Yangming, spleen meridian of foot Taiyin, heart meridian of hand Shaoyin, small intestine meridian of hand Taiyang, bladder meridian of foot Taiyang, kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin, pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin, triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang, gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang and liver meridian of foot Jueyin. The twelve meridians is the main body of the meridian system, so it is called "Zheng Zheng". The walking direction is: the three yin meridians of the hand go from the chest, the three yang meridians of the hand go from the hand to the head, the three yang meridians of the foot go from the beginning to the foot, and the three yin meridians of the foot go from the foot to the abdomen (chest). As "Lingshu Shunfei Sword" said: "The three yin in the hand is hidden, the three yang in the hand is from hand to head, the three yang in the foot is from head to foot, and the three yin in the foot is from foot to abdomen."
The Distribution and Exterior-Interior Relationship of the twelve meridians
The distribution law of 1. the twelve meridians
The distribution of the twelve meridians on the body surface is regular. Specifically from the following three aspects to elaborate.
Head and face: the three yang meridians of the hand end at the head and face, the three yang meridians of the foot start at the head and face, and the three yang meridians of the hand and foot meet at the head and face, so it is called "the meeting of all yang".
The distribution characteristics of the twelve meridians in the head and face are as follows: (1) The Yangming Meridian of hands and feet is distributed within the denomination; The sun meridian of the hand is distributed on the cheek; The shaoyang meridians of hands and feet are distributed in the temples of ears; The meridians of the foot sun are distributed on the top of the head and occipital neck. In addition, the meridian of foot Jue Yin also runs on the upper part.
The distribution law of the twelve meridians in the head and face is: Yangming is in front, Shaoyang is in the side, and the sun is in the back.
Trunk: The general rule of the twelve meridians's distribution in the trunk is that the Yin San and Yangming meridians of the foot are distributed in the chest and abdomen (front), the Sanyang and Taiyang meridians of the hand are distributed in the scapula, back and waist (back), and the Yin San, Shaoyang and Jueyin meridians of the hand are distributed in the armpit, hypochondriac and lateral abdomen (side).
The general rule of the twelve meridians's distribution in limbs is that the Yin meridian is distributed inside the limbs and the Yang meridian is distributed outside. Inside and outside the hand, the front Taiyin lung passes through Yangming large intestine meridian, the middle Jueyin pericardium passes through Shaoyang triple energizer meridian, the rear Shaoyin heart passes through Taiyang small intestine, the front Taiyin spleen passes through Yangming stomach meridian, the middle Jueyin liver passes through Shaoyang gallbladder, and the rear Shaoyin kidney passes through the lower part of the leg and the back of the foot through Taiyang bladder meridian, and before the liver meridian, the middle line of spleen meridian. After eight inches of internal mania, the spleen meridian is in front and the liver meridian is in the midline.
2. the twelve meridians's exterior-interior relationship
Yin San Yang, hand and foot the twelve meridians communicate with each other through meridians, forming six pairs, which are "combination of exterior and interior", that is, "foot sun and shaoyin are exterior and interior, shaoyang and jueyin are exterior and interior, and Yangming and Taiyin are exterior and interior, that is, foot yin and yang. The sun and shaoyin of the hand are exterior and interior, shaoyang and the heart (the pericardium meridian of the hand jueyin) are exterior and interior, and Yangming and Taiyin are exterior and interior, which are the yin and yang of the hand. "
The exterior and interior are two meridians, which follow the relative positions of the inside and outside of the limbs and meet at the ends of the limbs; Collaterals also belong to zang-fu organs, which form the yin-yang relationship of zang-fu. The twelve meridians's relationship between exterior and interior is not only strengthened by the connection of the two meridians, but also because the collaterals belong to the same zang-fu organ, which makes the zang-fu organs with exterior and interior mutually cooperate in physiological function and affect each other in pathology. In treatment, the acupoints of the two meridians often cross each other.