Childhood obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and it is a state of excessive fat accumulation in the body. Obesity is defined as eating more calories than human consumption and storing them in the form of fat, which exceeds the standard weight by 20%, or the body mass index (body mass index = weight (kg)/ height 2(m2)) is greater than 25.

2. The purpose of exercise prescription intervention

The main purpose of obesity rehabilitation movement is to gradually eliminate excess fat in the body, reduce weight, prevent and eliminate obesity, enhance physical fitness and prevent obesity complications.

2. 1 formula principle

(1) Exercise increases energy consumption and regulates energy balance.

(2) Exercise reduces body fat and improves body composition.

(3) Exercise can prevent weight gain after losing weight.

(4) Exercise regulates the expression of obesity gene (ob), which offsets the gene defect to some extent.

2.2 Formulation of prescriptions

(1) motion mode

The way of exercise should be dynamic aerobic exercise, which requires the participation of large muscle groups, such as running, cycling, mountain climbing, swimming, aerobics, taekwondo, ball games and so on. According to your physical health, choose the sports you like and are interested in, and it is best to stick to it for a lifetime.

(2) Exercise intensity

For children to lose weight, the greater the exercise intensity, the more effective it is. When the intensity of exercise is too high, the energy consumed by exercise is not fat, but mainly phosphoprotein and sugar. The intensity of exercise is too small, and the calories consumed by the body are insufficient, which can not achieve the effect of losing weight. Therefore, to lose weight, we should choose long-term moderate-intensity exercise, which is generally controlled at 50% ~ 70% VO2max. If the heart rate is taken as the judgment index, then the heart rate should be controlled at 60%~70% of my maximum heart rate during exercise.

(3) the duration of exercise

To effectively consume fat, it is necessary to ensure enough exercise time. When exercising at moderate or low intensity, the exercise time should be long enough, generally, each exercise lasts for 30 ~ 60 minutes.

(4) Exercise frequency

Exercise at least three times a week. In order to improve the effect of losing weight, we can appropriately increase the frequency of exercise, exercise 4~5 times a week or insist on daily exercise to form exercise habituation.

4.3 Matters needing attention in sports

(1) weight loss exercise prescription.

In the process of implementing exercise prescription, we should follow the principles of step by step, long-term persistence and safety. Adjust the amount of exercise according to your physical condition. In order to avoid excessive exercise and prevent injury, the weight loss rate should not be fast, and it is generally appropriate to 2 ~ 4 kg/m.

(2) During the exercise to lose weight, we should control our diet scientifically.

Exercise will inevitably lead to an increase in appetite. If you don't control it, you won't be able to lose weight through exercise. In diet, we should control the quantity and quantity of fat and sugar food, but pay attention to ensuring a balanced diet to prevent side effects such as malnutrition and metabolic disorder.

4.4 You should avoid losing weight during exercise.

(1) Sweating more helps to lose weight. The fact is that sweating can only make the body lose water faster, so you may lose weight when you weigh yourself after exercise. However, hydration after exercise will return to normal weight. In addition, excessive dehydration may be dangerous.

(2) Eating more vegetable oil is not easy to gain weight, and eating more animal oil is easy to gain weight. Vegetable oil and animal oil are both lipids and high-energy foods. If you eat too much, it can lead to obesity, and the effect is the same at this point. In fact, no matter what you eat, as long as you consume more energy than you consume, it will lead to obesity.