The combination of words of various parts of speech is called synthesis.
Taking one part of speech as another part of speech in the same form is called transformation.
Adding a prefix before the root or a suffix after the root to form a new word with similar or completely opposite meaning to the original word is called derivation.
The method of mixing one word with another to form a compound word is called spelling.
What keeps abbreviations, meanings and parts of speech unchanged is called truncation.
Using the first letter and the last letter of a word to form a new word is called an acronym.