In my opinion, Mount Tai is the highest mountain in China. This does not refer to its altitude, but its cultural and spiritual accumulation. I have been to Mount Tai six times, but I still don't understand a few pages of this great book about culture and nature.
So I came to worship this holy mountain again.
There are six routes to Mount Tai, including three main routes. First, from Daimiao, along the East Road, climb 6600 steps to Daiding, passing through Wangmuchi, Lvzu Cave, Doumu Palace, Shigu, Baidong, Hutian Pavilion, Mahui Gorge, Zhongtianmen, Yunbu Bridge, Wudaosong, Chaoyang Cave, Dui Songshan and Shibanpan. The second is to take a bus from Tai 'an Railway Station along the west road to Zhongtianmen, transfer to the cable car to Nantianmen, and walk to Daiding; The third way is to take a bus to Taohuayu and a cableway to Daiding.
Why is Mount Tai the spiritual mountain of the Chinese nation? There are too many political, geographical, geological, historical and cultural factors. Mount Tai became the statue of the five mountains, which was related to the closed meditation activities that began in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Zen meditation is a religious ceremony held by ancient emperors in Taishan Mountain in Dongyue and Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue, which was held the most frequently and had the greatest influence. Zhang Shoujie's explanation in the Tang Dynasty is that this Mount Tai is named "Feng" because it uses earth as an altar to worship heaven and repay kindness. Except for the land on the hill under Mount Tai, the land has been rewarded, so it is called "Zen". According to Records of the Historian, before Qin Dynasty, there were 72 emperors who closed their temples. Since the Qin Dynasty, there have been emperors in the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although it was not called Zen, the emperor also offered sacrifices to Mount Tai, or sent officials to offer sacrifices on his behalf, or climbed the mountain to worship in person, which brought a sensational effect to Mount Tai. Among the emperors who came to worship Zen, the most frequent one was Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, with seven or eight times before and after. The largest is Tang Gaozong. He and Wu Zetian led hundreds of civil and military officials, as well as kings or envoys of dozens of vassal States, starting from Luoyang, and the accompanying team was hundreds of miles long. They walked all the way for more than three months before they arrived in Taian.
The ceremony of closed-door meditation is so important that it transcends the ceremony of emperors' accession to the throne. The amenorrhea ceremony is one of the important symbols of prosperity. It is a unique phenomenon in the history of China's spiritual culture that a mountain was sacrificed by the supreme rulers of past dynasties, which lasted for thousands of years and carried out the feudal society throughout. Mount Tai has become a long bond that embodies the spirit of the Chinese nation.
Why did the emperor choose Mount Tai? China people like the ideal state of "peace in the world" and don't like too many changes in society, so everyone yearns for "stability as Mount Tai". Confucian culture is about "the unity of heaven and man", and there should be a ladder of communication between heaven and man, and Mount Tai, the highest in people's field of vision, has undertaken this task.
Mount Tai worship is one of the ancient nature worship in China, firstly because of its special shape. The creation of Pangu has become everything in the world, and its head has become Mount Tai. On our way to Zhongtianmen by bus, the tour guide Zhou Xiao pointed to a mountain in the south and said, Look, is that a man's head? He is Pangu.
Standing in the eighteenth set, I have a deep understanding of this. About 2.5 billion years ago, the ancient Mount Tai rose from a piece of Wang Yang, and after several ups and downs, it formed its present appearance 30 million years ago. The orogeny created three rising fault zones at the southern foot of Mount Tai. The last floor is from Yunbu Bridge to Daiding, and the altitude suddenly rises by more than 400 meters, forming the momentum of "East Tianzhu". This is particularly tall in visual image. Different from other famous mountains, there are many small peaks around the main peak, and the stars arch the moon, but it does not show how high it is. Relying on visual judgment, it makes sense that Mount Tai can ascend to heaven. Secondly, some scholars have pointed out that the birthplace of China's ancient civilization is a fan-shaped triangular plain, in which there is the Yangtze River in the south, Yanshan Mountain in the north, western Henan in the west, and the sea in the east. Mount Tai has the highest altitude and the largest area. At the same time, it is surrounded by fertile soil, with Yellow River water in the north and Huaihe River and Yangtze River in the south. These four rivers are also the "four blasphemies" sacrificed by emperors in past dynasties, and Mount Tai is just among the "four blasphemies", which is really an ideal place for primitive people to live.
Take a bus from the foot of the mountain to Zhongtianmen, and then transfer to the ropeway for about 10 minutes to Daiding. Are we climbing Mount Tai? It just flew. Yang, director of the Foreign Affairs Office of Shandong Province, said that on the cable car, we can imagine ourselves as a wild goose spreading its wings. I think the ancients' profound understanding of natural landscape may have a lot to do with their close relationship with nature. Some people joked that climbing Mount Tai now is really like reading a book, only looking at the front cover and back cover, at most at the preface and postscript, and it is difficult to understand the essence.
I have read a lot of materials, and I think this masterpiece of Mount Tai has at least several important chapters: the sacrificial activities of feudal emperors, mass religious activities, and the sightseeing and appreciation of literati.
I have already said about the emperor's sacrificial activities, and now it's time to talk about mass religious activities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the activities of offering sacrifices to mountains moved to Beijing, and the mysterious "heaven" and "earth" became the specific emperor of Dongyue, and Mount Tai became a sacred mountain from meditation to praying for the prosperity of the country and the peace of the people. In the Ming Dynasty, 2 million people climbed Mount Tai every year. How many people have climbed Mount Tai since 2000? Before Marxism was introduced into China, Confucianism was the dominant consciousness, supplemented by Taoism and Buddhism. These three major cultural systems have obvious signs on Mount Tai. When we climbed Mount Tai, a friend from Tai 'an accompanied us. As soon as we entered the mountain, he solemnly said, "We are all intellectuals. We can't talk nonsense when we go into the mountains. Grandma Taishan is very effective. " What he said about Grandma Taishan was Bi Xia Yuan Jun, who was enshrined in Bi Xia Temple in the south of Mount Taishan. Bi Xia Yuan Jun is a Taoist goddess, commonly known as Mount Tai Empress, Mount Tai Notre Dame and Mount Tai Grandma. It is said that she is the daughter of Emperor Dongyue, with the same name as Song Zhenzong as "Bi Xia Yuan Jun". According to the Taoist scriptures, Yuan Jun in Bi Xia is the embodiment of the mother of western paradise. He became a monk in Mount Tai, and he was indeed a fairy. He was ordered by the Jade Emperor to command Yuefu magic soldiers and observe good and evil on earth. According to folklore, Bi Xia Yuan Jun gave special protection to women and children and gave them whatever they wanted.
Around the main hall of Bi Xia Temple, there are east and west affiliated halls. The East Hall is dedicated to the goddess of vision. Legend has it that she can cure various diseases and bless people with bright eyes and good health. The west hall is dedicated to sending sons to the queen. Sending a son to the queen is in charge of human reproduction. Pilgrims often wrap a plaster doll in red cloth in the temple and take it home, and put it on the bed for the empress to give them a son. This is called "tying the doll".
Since ancient times, Mount Tai has attracted many famous Taoist believers to practice here. Taoism is extremely prosperous in Mount Tai, and almost all important temples from the foot of the mountain to Daiding are mostly Taoist buildings. Wang Mu Palace, Lv Zudong and Doum Palace all embody Taoist colors.
As for Confucian culture, Mount Tai certainly had a great influence on Confucius and Mencius. The period from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period was the first period of cultural prosperity in the history of China, with a hundred schools of thought contending. Confucius and Mencius, who grew up in Qilu and had a far-reaching influence on China's cultural mentality, not only worshipped Mount Tai, but also left traces on it. Mencius has a famous saying: "Confucius climbed the East Mountain and was small, and climbed Mount Tai and was smaller than the world." He summed up the meaning of Mount Tai's high stability very accurately. In Historical Records, Confucius lamented that "Tai Mountain is bad! The beams and columns are destroyed! Philosophers wither! So I shed tears. " He has closely linked his life value and life with Mount Tai. Taishan Academy is the representative of Confucian culture, and it is the place where Sun Fu, a great scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, gave lectures. Known as "Mr. Song Junior Three".
Zhao Pu Temple is a representative building of Buddhist culture in Mount Tai, and its scale is quite large. On the back of Mount Tai, there is Lingyan Temple, one of the "four wonders" in the world. In addition, the Stone Valley Diamond Sutra on Mount Tai is the largest existing Buddhist cliff stone carving in China, which is located in the northeast of Stone Valley and Doum Palace. Scriptures are carved on a gentle slope of 2064 square meters, and the diamond-shaped Prajna paramita is carved from east to west, with 2799 characters and a diameter of 50 cm. After more than a thousand years of wind and rain erosion, more than half of it has been destroyed, and now only 4 1 line, 1069 words are left.
These three cultures are vividly displayed through architecture, calligraphy and painting, stone carving and a large number of cultural relics, making Taishan a famous cultural mountain and stone carving art museum, with more than 2,200 stone carvings, including more than 800 stone tablets and more than 0/300 cliff carvings.
"How magnificent Mount Tai is! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes ... Once I climb to the top of the mountain and peek, I will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ... "Du Fu's" Looking at Yue "is the eternal swan song of literati chanting Mount Tai. For thousands of years, there are still many cultural figures flashing on Mount Tai. After Confucius, Ban Gu, Cai Yong, Ma Rong, Ying Shao and others came. Ying Shao's Rites of Mount Tai is the first travel notes of Mount Tai, and it is also one of the earliest existing travel notes in China. Cao Zhi, a poet of the Three Kingdoms, wrote "Morning Tour on Mount Tai, Clouds and Clouds Curl", and Lu Ji, a poet of the Jin Dynasty, wrote "How high is Mount Tai and how far is the sky", all of which are excellent works praising Mount Tai. Even Li Bai, who was summoned by the emperor, left a much-told story of "Tianmen whistling, Wan Li breezes". In the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian was stimulated by his father's failure to attend the Zen ceremony. In Historical Records, he integrated Mount Tai into history: "People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." After the Tang and Song Dynasties, poets, travelers, painters and writers came one after another, leaving a fortune for Mount Tai and Chinese culture. How many words we commonly use today are related to Mount Tai?
Mountains also have spiritual temperament. Mount Tai is an old man sitting between the five mountains, showing a kind of majesty. Imagine, in the towering mountains of China, who can sit like a parent (Reporter Hao Guiyao)
/news/2005-07/05/content _ 4572374 . htm