In the article "On Qin", the central argument is placed in the last sentence of the full text: "Benevolence and righteousness are different." "Without benevolence and righteousness, the offense and defense are different." This classical Chinese, translated, means that Qin Shihuang did not practice benevolence and righteousness, and changed the offensive and defensive trend from attack to defense. Therefore, "benevolence and righteousness are not applied" is the reason, and "different offensive and defensive trends" is the result. This sentence is to sum up historical lessons and give advice to the rulers of the Western Han Dynasty from the opposite side. On the positive side, if Qin wants to keep the offensive and defensive situation from changing in the opposite direction, it must implement the policy of benevolence and righteousness. In the language of image, it is: to win the world at once, but not to rule the world at once. In other words: don't lose the hearts of the people and be overly superstitious about force. Therefore, the reason for the demise of the Qin Empire, the first unified country in the history of China, can be summarized as "tyranny" (brutality).
Jia Yi (200 BC-65438 BC+068 BC), a native of Luoyang (now east of Luoyang, Henan), was a famous political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty, and was called Jia Sheng. Jia Yi is a rare talent. At the age of eighteen, he was considered a good writer in the county. Wendi was a doctor at that time, and later moved to be a doctor in Taizhong. He was pushed out by ministers Zhou Bo and Guan Ying and was promoted to be the teacher of King Changsha, so later generations also called Jia Changsha and Jia Taifu. Three years later, he was recalled to Chang 'an to be the teacher of Liang Huaiwang. Liang fell off his horse and died. Jia Yi was deeply sorry and died of depression at the age of 33. Sima Qian sympathized with both Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, and wrote a joint biography for them, so later generations often referred to Jia Yi and Qu Yuan as "Qu Jia".
Jia Yi's works mainly include prose and ci fu. The main literary achievements of prose are political essays, commenting on current politics, simple and rigorous style and vivid discussion. Lu Xun called it "Hong Wen of the Western Han Dynasty", and his masterpieces include On Qin, On Accumulation and Storage, and Chen Zheng's Poems. His Ci and Fu are both in Sao style, and tend to be scattered in form, which is the forerunner of the development of Han Fu, especially Qu Yuan Fu and Fei niao Fu.