Investigation on environmental pollution caused by chewing gum
The purpose of the investigation
Nowadays, chewing gum is considered as a fashion by some people, no matter in the street.
In parks, theaters and schools, ladies, gentlemen, students and children can often be seen chewing smartly and comfortably. After enjoying it, just spit it out, and the problem is coming. These residues are sticky in the mouth and spit on the ground, so are the walls. So, they stick to the ground tightly, and then people step on it, causing pieces of pollution. This kind of pollution is neither the atmosphere nor the walls. Noise causes people's disgust and attention, which is not as obvious as waste paper, mud and other garbage. It's unremarkable, but it sometimes takes the lead and makes you sick (I once accidentally sat in a public chair and stuck three pieces of chewing gum residue on my body), which is really a kind of pollution. To this end, we may eat this kind of food for everyone. Chewing gum that paid little attention to its whereabouts was investigated. We want to know the degree of environmental pollution caused by chewing gum in public places at present, what is the nature of chewing gum, discuss the methods to solve the environmental pollution caused by chewing gum, and put forward some practical suggestions.
Second, the survey method
1. Investigation time:1May 1996-10/October.
2. Examination place: Xicheng District Youth Science and Technology Museum, Beijing.
3. Test method:
Effect of (1) acid on chewing gum
Put the chewing gum into a test tube, drip 3 ml of 20% sulfuric acid and heat it.
Put the chewing gum into a test tube, drop 3 ml of 98% sulfuric acid and heat it.
(2) The influence of alkali on chewing gum
Put the chewing gum into a test tube, drop 3 ml of sodium hydroxide and heat it.
Put the chewing gum into a test tube, drip 3 ml of sodium hydroxide+ammonia water, and heat.
(3) Effect of carbon tetrachloride on chewing gum
Put the chewing gum into a test tube and drop 20 ml of carbon tetrachloride.
(4) Influence of acetone on chewing gum
Put the chewing gum into a test tube and drop 3 ml of acetone.
(5) Effect of temperature on chewing gum
Take a small piece of gum and set it on fire.
4. Questionnaire survey
(1) questionnaire design
(2) Survey object: junior high school students.
(3) Number of people surveyed: 100.
5. Shooting: Shooting the pollution caused by chewing gum in public places.
Shooting instrument: Fuji STX-2 camera
Filming: fujifilm
Photo: Attached
survey
(1) Location:
A. School category: Xicheng District Youth Science and Technology Museum, Tieer No.2 Middle School and Beijing No.35 Middle School.
B. Shopping malls: Chang 'an Shopping Mall, Xinyi Shopping Mall, Huichengmen Shopping Mall, Fuxing Shopping Mall and Urban and Rural Trade Center.
C. Station type: Beijing West Railway Station
D. Park category: yuyuantan park and Yuetan Park.
E. Students' families
(2) Walk for 2 kilometers and ride for about 16 kilometers.
(3) Measure the area of the investigated part and count the number of gingival stains.
7. Information: Beijing Evening News, Beijing Youth Daily, Boys and Girls Magazine, TV program: Zhengda Variety Show.
Three. The results of the investigation
(A) the nature of chewing gum
Chewed chewing gum can't be swallowed, because the raw materials of chewing gum are inedible. 120 years ago, the inventor Adams made "No.1 chewing gum" from sugar gum in Mexico, but the source of chewing gum was always limited. Later, people replaced chewing gum with synthetic resin, and then added some additives such as refined white gum and solvent white wax to make the "gum base" of chewing gum. When making chewing gum, spices and powdered sugar are added, and after processing, slicing and delicate packaging, the chewing gum comes out. The syrup, spices and powdered sugar in chewing gum can be swallowed together with human saliva, leaving a gum base that is not chewy and edible. The gum base is very sticky. When people spit at will, the gum base will stick firmly to the ground or other attachments, which can't be swept away with a broom, dragged off with a mop and insoluble in water.
1, the interaction between colloidal alkali and diluent (20%H2SO4)
1) basically does not react at room temperature, such as standing for a long time (for example,
The surface is yellowish.
2) Heat the dilute acid and put it in the gum base, you can see that it becomes soft, but you can't see it.
By the time of violent reaction, only the solution changed from colorless to yellow to brownish red and then to black. The surface of the gum base is slightly yellow. When the solution boils, the gum base is still sticky and can still be stretched.
2. The gum base reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%H2SO4).
There is no violent reaction, but we can see that the outer layer of the gum base turns red, and the acid solution can dissolve the gum base, but it is a toxic substance itself and will also pollute the natural environment. But it is not temperature resistant and can be fired at high temperature.
Ash.
(2) Questionnaire survey on chewing gum among junior high school students.
Title:
1. Do you think chewing gum pollutes the environment?
(1) Yes (2) No (3) Not clear.
2. What's your attitude towards the production and sale of chewing gum?
(1) does not support (2) supports (3) doesn't matter.
Do you often buy gum?
(1) Often (2) Sometimes (3) Don't buy.
4. What do you think of throwing away chewing gum?
(1) can lose (2) should not lose.
5. How many pieces of gum do you buy at a time?
6. What do you think keeps chewing gum from polluting the environment?
(3) Statistics of gum stains on the ground in public places.
100 student families: no pollution.
Four. Analysis and discussion
1. Long ago, people had the habit of chewing non-nutritive substances in their mouths. Archaeologists found a 9,000-year-old human skull in Sweden. There is a chewing gum fossil between the teeth of this skull. Visible chewing gum has a long history. North American Indian chewing gum is a spruce resin; 100 years ago, Mexican chewing gum was a mixture of sugar gum and gum; The main component of modern chewing gum is a kind of synthetic resin instead of chewing gum, which is made of refined white rubber, solvent white wax and other additives. Chewing gum is a mixture of synthetic substances and latex products. In the process of making, this mixture is melted and filtered first, and then some spices are added to make chewing gum.
The gum base of chewing gum is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, which is difficult to remove in natural environment (such as soil). Although it can be burned, it is actually difficult to destroy if it is scattered and stuck in public places, so it forms a special pollution and is difficult to remove. It can be dissolved by soaking in carbon tetrachloride, but carbon tetrachloride is a toxic substance and will also cause pollution to the environment. Similarly, it is difficult to remove chewing gum because it is scattered and stuck in public places. Therefore, this method is not desirable. In addition, chewing gum contains two plasticizers, DPOD and BPDG, both of which are toxic substances. If you chew 7-8 pieces of chewing gum every day, it will reach the dose of human poisoning, affecting appetite and endangering health.
2。 According to the survey of 100 students
(1)77% people think that chewing gum residue pollutes the environment and don't throw up at home. 99% people think they shouldn't spit everywhere. 100% of the subjects had no gum residue pollution in their homes. However, only 10% of the subjects could not spit it out basically, so it seems that there is a gap between understanding and practice.
(2) The consumption of chewing gum is relatively large.
Judging from the purchase of chewing gum, 23% people often buy chewing gum; 64% people sometimes buy chewing gum; Only 13% people don't buy chewing gum. Judging from the purchase volume, 12% bought more than one box at a time; 78% people buy one to five items. In addition, a small joint stall can sell more than 30 pieces of chewing gum a day, about 900 pieces a month. Then, it sells for almost 10800 yuan a year, and there are more than 10 million stalls like Beijing. If all the stalls in Beijing add up to 10000, then more than 300,000 pieces of chewing gum residue will be spit on the ground or other places in Beijing one day. What is this concept? The urban area of Beijing is 8765438+ 10,000 square meters, and there is a piece of chewing gum residue on every square meter of land every year. According to Beijing Evening News1February 23, 1996, people all over the world chew about100000 tons of chewing gum every day. If the chewing gum residue stuck on the sidewalk is collected, it can be made into a big ship. It can be seen how serious the pollution is.
(3)4% people think that they should not buy chewing gum.
2. Chewing gum first attracted people's attention.
1On July 22, 996, Beijing Evening News reported that the relevant departments in Xiamen appealed to citizens to take care of the environment and not to buy or eat chewing gum. Its report is as follows:
"The Standing Committee of Xiamen Municipal People's Congress recently appealed to citizens not to buy or eat chewing gum to protect the beautiful environment of Xiamen. Because some citizens eat chewing gum and litter everywhere, the environment in Xiamen has been greatly affected. For example, the newly paved colored bricks on Zhongshan Road in Xiamen were stained with chewing gum residue, and the waiting hall of Gao Qi International Airport was smeared with dirt. "
In Singapore, because the gum base of chewing gum often blocks underground gates and seriously pollutes the environment, the Singapore government has made up its mind to strictly prohibit the sale and chewing of chewing gum, and will be severely punished if it violates the regulations.
4. Through field investigation and observation, the stains in public places such as railway stations and shopping malls are the most obvious, because these places are relatively prosperous, with a large floating population and uneven personnel quality. Less polluted are cultural management departments and schools. The reason is that school students spend most of their time in class, and after class, the school also requires not to eat chewing gum.
5. An effective way to replace chewing gum
The effective and feasible methods to replace chewing gum are knocking teeth and popularizing atomized chewing gum. You can exercise facial muscles and strengthen your teeth by knocking your teeth; Atomized chewing gum can remove oral odor.
Five suggestions and ideas
Because China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, a large area and a large population, it is difficult to prohibit chewing gum, but the harm caused by chewing gum can be gradually eliminated by various methods.
1 Carry out publicity and education for primary and secondary school students through the education department, so that primary and secondary school students can understand and realize the environmental pollution caused by chewing gum residue.
Through many media (such as radio, television, newspapers, etc. ), the pollution of chewing gum residue is widely publicized in China, making people realize its harmfulness.
Gradually stop the production and trading of chewing gum. For example, Singapore has made a decision to ban the production and trading of chewing gum in Singapore. If found in Singapore, it will be fined one dollar. This is something we can learn from.
Vigorously promote atomized chewing gum, which has changed its previous use.
Gum base, perfume and sugar are combined together, but they are completely atomized into the oral cavity, which not only eliminates oral odor, but also has no pollution.
If you must eat chewing gum, don't spit out the chewed residue. Better wrap it in paper and put it back in the trash can.
Six tuberculosis
We chose a seemingly small thing, that is, whether chewing gum pollutes the environment. In fact, after analysis and discussion, we think it is not small, because it not only causes certain environmental pollution, but also reflects a major event in people's spiritual civilization construction. Through the above discussion and analysis, we hope to remind people to eat less and not to eat chewing gum or use atomized chewing gum. Don't let chewing gum be the chief culprit in destroying and polluting the environment. Protecting the environment is the duty of every citizen. Let's join hands and make our due contribution to building a civilized and clean country.