Smooth blasting construction procedures and operating standards In order to ensure smooth blasting construction to achieve programmed and standardized operation, the following smooth blasting operation procedures and operating standards are specially formulated during construction. Smooth blasting construction process as shown in figure 4-5-8. 1. Before setting out the hole drill, technicians use Leica total station with tunnel section measurement function to punch out the hole position, and surveyors accurately mark the hole position with red paint, with an error of less than 5cm (a midline pile is buried every 50 meters from the excavation face, and a temporary leveling point is set every 100 meters). 2. Positioning and opening eyes shall be drilled with a rock drill jumbo supplemented by a pneumatic rock drill, and its axis shall be parallel to the tunnel axis. After in place, drill holes according to the drilling layout. The drilling accuracy of cutting holes and peripheral holes is higher than other holes, and the hole deviation is controlled within 5cm. 3. According to different hole positions, the driller will locate the holes at fixed points. The driller should be familiar with the arrangement of blasthole operation and be proficient in operating rock drilling machinery, especially drilling peripheral holes. Experienced drillers must be responsible for drilling, and assign special personnel to command, so as to ensure accurate extrapolation angle of surrounding holes, so that the deviation at the junction of the two guns does not exceed 15cm. At the same time, adjust the depth of the blast hole according to the concave and convex degree of the rock at the orifice position to ensure that the bottom of the blast hole is on the same plane. 4. Before hole cleaning and charging, use a gun hook and high-pressure wind to clean up all impurities such as stone chips and water in the hole. 5. The charging should be carried out in groups, and the charging amount determined according to the hole design should be carried out from top to bottom. Detonators should be "seated in the right place", and people should be assigned, positioned and fixed. Arbitrary charges are not allowed. All blastholes are plugged with stemming, and the plugging length is not less than 30cm. 6. The connection between the initiation network and the initiation network adopts the initiation mode of delay in the hole and cluster connection outside the hole. The number outside the hole is the detonator section number, and the detonators are connected in parallel to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the initiation network. Pay attention to the connection direction of detonating cord and the firmness of connection point; The nonel tube cannot be knotted and thinned; The detonating detonator should be fastened with black tape at a distance of more than 10cm from the free end of a bunch of nonel tubes. After the network is connected, a special person shall be responsible for the inspection. Only after confirmation can it be detonated. Initiation sequence: smooth blasting starts from the cut hole, goes outward layer by layer, and ends with the peripheral hole and bottom hole. In order to ensure safety, non-electric initiation is adopted, that is, pinhole detonator initiation. Two non-electric detonators with the same cross section are bound at the initiation point, and the lead of nonel tube is at least 200m m. Temporary protective measures can be taken at the initiation point if necessary.