Good Morning, everyone! I am glad to have this opportunity to discuss some problems in teaching with you.

Now there are several popular jingles about middle school students. One is afraid of classical Chinese, the other is afraid of writing, and the third is afraid of Zhou Shuren? . In other words, middle school students don't like Lu Xun's works. Reflected in the new curriculum reform of Chinese textbooks? Jin Yong's expansion and Lu Xun's fading out? In 2007, this issue caused great controversy. In recent networks and newspapers, the fading out of Lu Xun's works has once again attracted attention. I just paid attention to an article by Wang Tiexian in China Reading Newspaper on August 26th, 2009, entitled "Chinese textbooks in middle schools are indispensable to Lu Xun's works". Wang Tiexian is the editor-in-chief of high school Chinese textbook of Shanghai Education Press. In this article, he repeatedly discussed the classicality of Lu Xun's articles. I always think that Lu Xun's works are indispensable in Chinese textbooks, both ideologically and artistically.

The topic of my class today is Lu Xun's "takenism" and "takenism". Everyone here is familiar with this article. Many teachers have taught this article. Although some teachers have not taught this article, I'm sure all the teachers here have. Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, middle school Chinese textbooks have been revised, among which "takenism" is the only title that has survived for 60 years. This article is a classic. Under the background of the gradual decline of Lu Xun's works in Chinese textbooks, this article has been selected into several popular versions of Chinese textbooks for senior high schools in China. The standard version of the new curriculum is in Lesson 8, Unit 3, Compulsory 4.

Now I'm going to get down to business.

According to the curriculum standards from? Knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values? Three dimensions to design the requirements of teaching objectives, combined with the characteristics of this paper, I set the teaching objectives as follows:

[Teaching objectives]

1. Clarify the argumentation ideas of the article and learn the vivid argumentation art of this article by means of metaphor argumentation. Interpreting the language features of Luxun's essays.

2. Learn this article, recognize the correct attitude towards cultural heritage, criticize inheritance, and explain some practical problems with a correct point of view.

3. Cultivate students' ability of inquiry learning and cooperative learning.

[Teaching Hypothesis]

1. Use this article as a teaching material to guide students' extracurricular reading, focusing on the second half of the article, so that students can understand what is? Nazism? ;

2. The first half of the article is a difficult point, and the focus is on making students understand? Send away doctrine? The essence and harm, not entangled in individual cases and statements;

[Teaching Focus] Guide students to analyze the profound connotation of the images used through the surface of words.

[Teaching Difficulties] Contact the historical background and try to figure out the emotional color of language.

[Teaching aid preparation] Multimedia courseware

[Curriculum] 1 class hour

[Teaching Steps]

First of all, how do I introduce the new lesson: Interest is the best teacher? Starting from real life, starting from the hot spots that students are interested in, is a good way to stimulate students' desire for knowledge, thus mobilizing students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning. The introduction should affect the whole body, and the conclusion should be lingering and memorable, which is called in classroom structure design. Jin Shengyu Zhen? .

On the basis of ordinary people's understanding of Takeism theme and our teaching reference books, this paper talks about the attitude towards the inheritance of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage. The introduction I designed was taken from the controversy caused by Yu Dan's interpretation of The Analects of Confucius and Zhuangzi. With the help of multimedia courseware, students are brought into a problem scene. If we talk about this lesson today, we can lead the topic to Mr. Ji Xianlin and Mr. Ren who died not long ago. About their moral articles and the inheritance of their cultural heritage. Let me talk about the inheritance of cultural heritage. I am not only interested in these two people, but the real scientific attitude of inheriting cultural heritage is to be interested in what the two gentlemen are interested in. That is the real legacy of China civilization.

For decades, Ji Xianlin has been devoted to the research and translation of English, German, Sanskrit and other literary works, and has published nearly four million words. His main works include Essays on the History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations, A Brief History of India, A Preliminary Study of Ramayana, Essays on Ancient Indian Words, Buddhism and Cultural Exchanges between China and India, A Brief History of Oriental Literature, A History of Sugar, and Translation of Tuholowen (Meeting Maitreya). Main translations: Marx's On India and Anna? Siegel's collection of short stories. Translated from Sanskrit, there are the famous ancient Indian epic Ramayana (seven volumes), the famous Indian dramas Shagundaro and Julius, and the ancient Indian folk tales collection Five Books. Translated from English, such as Matrier? Devi's Tagore in the Family. In addition, Ji Xianlin also edited the Catalogue Series of Siku Quanshu, Handed down Books, Fusion of China Culture, Fusion of Oriental Culture and other books.

Mr. Ren's works: monographs include Buddhist Thoughts in Han and Tang Dynasties, History of China's Philosophy, Selected Academic Works, Selected Papers on Ren's Academic Culture, Complete Translation of Lao Zi, Interpretation of Lao Zi, etc. Editor-in-Chief: A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy, History of China Philosophy (4 volumes), History of Buddhism in China (8 volumes, 1 and 2 volumes), Religious Dictionary, History of the Development of China Philosophy (7 volumes, 1 and 2 volumes), etc. In addition, he also presided over the editing and publication of the China Tripitaka (Chinese part); The main papers are included in the Collection of Buddhist Thoughts in Han and Tang Dynasties and the History of China's Philosophy.

First, please meet someone. (Yu Dan's multimedia presentation) Please tell me who you are. What does she do? Yes, this is Yu Dan calling in 2006? Super girl? She became famous because she read The Analects of Confucius and Zhuangzi in the CCTV lecture room. (Multimedia presentation of Yu Dan's Understanding the Shadow of the Analects of Confucius) Please meet another person, (Multimedia presentation of Xu Jinru's portrait), please tell me who he is? (The teacher added after the students answered), his name is Xu Jinru, and Yu Dan's The Analects of Confucius received rave reviews after it was broadcast in a lecture room, but the voice of condemnation was also very strong. Some people questioned Yu Dan by writing articles such as "Confucius was really made to cry by Yu Dan" and "China entered the era of cultural wet nurses". Ten doctors, led by Xu Jinru, jointly crusaded against Yu Dan, and Xu Jinru also edited a book "Solution? Poison? Yu Dan told you about the unpolluted Confucius and Zhuangzi, and said that their actions were not? Jealous? , but out of the conscience and responsibility of China intellectuals. (Multimedia Demo "Solution? Poison? Yu Dan told you that Confucius and Zhuangzi were not spoiled. Now, please tell me, what day is June 10, 2006? Is it the first time in China? Cultural Heritage Day? What is The Analects of Confucius? Is our cultural heritage. Whether it is Yu Dan's interpretation of The Analects or Xu Jinru's interpretation? Poison? Yu Dan, their original intention is to tell you a real Confucius and a real Analects of Confucius. So who is right and who should we trust? Before we read the Analects of Confucius, we believe that either party is vain and irresponsible. Mr. Lu Xun told us to take the Analects of Confucius with us and interpret it ourselves. It doesn't matter whether you understand or not, but you must bring it first. What's this called? Nazism? . Today, let's review Lu Xun's "fetishism". (multimedia presentation theme).

Second, the background of the article. (Multimedia presentation background) Ask a classmate to read aloud.

Key points:

(1) Qing government? Closed-doorism? The result is being beaten behind; After the Opium War, the Qing government and the northern warlords pursued the policy of treason. Send away doctrine? ; The reactionary Kuomintang government inherited their mantle, took refuge in imperialism politically, and continued to practice it economically and even culturally? Send away doctrine? .

At that time, among cultural workers, there were two misunderstandings about foreign culture. In a word, who are they? Completely deny it? And then what? Completely westernized? .

In response to these misconceptions, Lu Xun wrote this article and put forward? Nazism? Slogan, elaborated the correct attitude towards foreign culture.

Third, play the text recording (or let the students read aloud) to clarify the idea of the article.

1, please think about the structural level of the text, with these two questions. First,? Did you bring it? In which paragraph was the viewpoint put forward, and from which paragraph did the active discussion begin? Second, what is the main discussion in the first half of the text, and? Nazism? What does it matter?

After reading the text, please ask your classmates to answer the above two questions [First,? Did you bring it? In which paragraph was the viewpoint put forward, and from which paragraph did the active discussion begin? Clear: Has the second paragraph arrived yet? Did you bring it? Later, paragraphs 5 and 6 came again, and it was not until paragraph 8 that a positive explanation began? Nazism? This proposition. Second: What does the first half of the text mainly discuss? And then what? Nazism? What does it matter? Clear: the first half of the text is mainly criticism? Send away doctrine? , for positive? Nazism? Lay a good foundation. ]

2. How to divide the structure of this article?

Analysis: the first part, (1? Paragraph 7) Criticism? Send away doctrine? , set up your own point of view.

( 1)( 1? Paragraph 2) revealed? Send away doctrine? A shameful act of fawning on others and deceiving others, and bring it up? This idea.

(2)(3? Paragraph 5) states? Send away doctrine? Further harm? Nazism? This idea.

(3)(6? Paragraph 7) states? Send away doctrine? Another danger is to make this argument clearly.

The second part (8? Paragraph 9) Clarification? Nazism? Specific content.

The third part (paragraph 10) summarizes the full text and puts forward the implementation. Nazism? What conditions should people have and what conditions should they implement? Nazism? The importance and urgency of. (Multimedia 5 Demo)

Fourth, learning the first part: discovery? Send away doctrine? The essence and harm of humor, and the expressive force of satirical language in criticizing wrong views. Set 3 questions

Question: (1) Paragraph 1? Why not say something else? What can a sentence do? What examples did the author cite to expose the implementation of the Kuomintang government? Send away doctrine? Flattery and ugliness

Discuss, make it clear: this sentence strictly limits the scope of contact and discussion, and only talks about cultural matters. Foreigners' guns broke China's in the Opium War? Closed-doorism? Behind the gate, the reactionary government of China? Send? Did you get anything: land, sovereignty, silver, cultural relics, coolies, slaves, from? Antiques? Arrive? Alive From individuality to nationality. When Lu Xun wrote this article, the Kuomintang government gave the three northeastern provinces and Jehol Province to Japanese imperialism and also to other imperialist countries? Concession? Wait, what's the name? Would you like to give it to a friendly country instead of a domestic slave? That he was hanged on the land of China? People and dogs are not allowed in China? Brand. So, use? Why not say something else? This sentence not only clarifies the scope of discussion, but also enhances the profundity of disclosure.

The author cited three? Send? Example:? Start? A batch of antiques went to Paris for exhibition. I wonder what will happen next. It is a shameful act of flattery to go and never return; How much more? Master? The children carried several old and new paintings and hung them all the way in European countries. Keep? How solemn, respectful, charming, and how many paintings? Hang all the way? How hard it is, how shabby and ridiculous it is to carry forward Guoguang? Irony, irony is not shame, but pride; ? Do you have to send Dr. Mei Lanfang to the Soviet Union to push it forward? Symbolism? Can you also show a little progress? How pathetic and suggestive is it to show a little progress in this way? Studying art? Things in the world are already very poor. The sharp edge of the author's satirical criticism is not aimed at a few artists, but at the reactionary authorities who betray the country and flatter foreign countries and their royal literati. The lines between them are full of hatred and contempt.

Question: (2) Blind pursuit? Send away doctrine? What are the serious consequences and hazards?

Discussion, clear: the author boasts that Nietzsche is the sun, with infinite light and heat, just giving, and does not want to make an analogy. Nietzsche is not the sun after all. Is he crazy? ; China, isn't it? Rich? , more Generous? ,? Just sent it out? , is also stupid and ridiculous. Say? Digging underground coal is enough for the world to use for hundreds of years. ,? Hundreds of years later, what will our children and grandchildren do? On the occasion of the festive ceremony, they couldn't come up with anything, so they had to kowtow and congratulate them and ask for some leftovers as a reward? . ? Kowtow? 、? Please. And then what? Are the leftovers cold? 、? Reward? The writing is as vivid and profound as? Send? As a result, our children and grandchildren can't stand among the nations of the world. (Multimedia 6 Demo)

Question: (3) What do we pursue? Send away doctrine? At the same time, what policy does imperialism pursue towards us?

Discuss and make it clear: imperialism is against us? Send doctrine? ,? Send? The essence of imperialism is the economic, military and cultural invasion and plunder of China, right? Throw it to? Synonym of. (Multimedia 7 Demo)

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Learning Part II: Understanding? Nazism? Understand the writing method of using image metaphor to clarify abstract and profound truth.

Q: In the history of modern literature, Lu Xun wrote a famous article "What happened after Nora left? This topic has become a famous issue in the history of modern literature in China. We might as well use it here. So what? What are the wrong attitudes towards cultural heritage criticized in the eighth paragraph? Paragraph 9 states that. Nazism? What attitudes and methods should learners adopt? . What demonstration method is used and what is the function of this demonstration method?

Discuss clearly: (Multimedia 8 Show)? Big house? Metaphor cultural heritage.

Fear: Afraid to enter the house (escape from reality).

Anger: fly into a rage and set fire to (nihilism).

Envy: Accepting all wastes (capitulationism) gladly.

The attitude of the above three people towards cultural heritage is wrong.

Correct attitude towards cultural heritage: (multimedia 9 demonstration)

First of all? Possession? And then what? Pick? . ? Possession? Is the premise, isn't it? Possession? Is there no way? Pick? ; ? Pick? Is the key, isn't it Pick? ,? Possession? Meaningless.

? Pick? Specific practices: use, storage or destruction.

Shark fin is a metaphor for the essence of cultural heritage.

Opium is a metaphor for something that is both beneficial and harmful.

A bong and a cigarette lamp are metaphors of harmful things and can be used as negative teaching materials (send some to the museum for destruction).

Concubine is a metaphor for the decadent and lewd things enjoyed by the exploiting classes.

Used in the text? Big house? 、? Shark fin? 、? Opium? 、? A bong and a smoke lamp? What happens when people are familiar with things at that time, such as concretizing the abstract question of how to treat cultural heritage and simplifying profound truth? Pick? Concrete, vivid and clear. Especially right? Shantou? 、? Idiot? 、? Waste? 、? Aunt? The outline of this kind of image is rich in meaning and intriguing.

Read the third part: Let the students read the last part of the article aloud.

Question: If the five sentences in this paragraph are the answers to five questions, which five questions should they be?

Clear: (multimedia 10 display) ① How should we treat cultural heritage? ② How to treat cultural heritage differently? ③ What is the positive significance of treating cultural heritage correctly? ④ What conditions must be met to deal with cultural heritage? ⑤ Implementation? Nazism? What is the importance and urgency of? (Multimedia 1 1 presentation)

Seven, cooperative inquiry (cooperative inquiry should design valuable questions, reject false propositions and false propositions, such as asking students some naive questions, you? Do you like Lu Xun? Is this article good? )

1. From the hierarchical structure of argumentative paper, this article is a typical argumentative paper. The first paragraph begins with the Qing government's closed-door policy. The essence of closing the country to the outside world is closing the country to the outside world, which eventually leads to? Send away doctrine? The third paragraph? Send away doctrine? Hurt? Send away doctrine? Its essence is treason, which intensifies the imperialist aggression, that is, the dispatch mentioned in the fourth and sixth paragraphs. Sending doctrine, that is, aggression, eventually led to national subjugation and extinction, so Lu Xun put forward sending doctrine in the seventh paragraph. What will happen after bringing it? The eighth paragraph refutes three wrong practices, the ninth paragraph puts forward correct opinions, and the tenth paragraph summarizes the full text. The whole article is natural, broken and promoted layer by layer. However, if the two paragraphs in the first part are removed, the structure of the article will be more compact. Please carefully analyze and explore in groups. Tell me which two paragraphs should be deleted. Why didn't Mr. Lu Xun get rid of it? Did you fail? What are the functions of these two paragraphs? This is an important way to write argumentative essays: punctuate the topic. I hope everyone will pay attention to study in writing. ) From the writing practice of argumentative essays, this question has a clear purpose and encourages students' innovation and inquiry spirit. Is there anything wrong with Lu Xun's article?

Now I ask you to think a question about the theme of this article. What is the question raised by Mr. Lu Xun? Is it our own cultural heritage, foreign cultural heritage, or both? What's your reason?

Clear: This is a question that has been litigated for 50 years and is also misunderstood. This article is directly aimed at the principle of closing the country to the outside world and sending it back and forth in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, which is obviously a principle of taking away foreign cultures. The first part of the article has been talking about Chinese and foreign cultural issues, and the second part has no reason to talk about China's heritage. Of course, the viewpoint of takenism is suitable for treating all cultural heritage. For this point, please refer to Yu Faxin's article "Shout for Lu Xun".

Eight. Full text summary:

Q: Mr. Lu Xun is the spiritual pioneer of our nation and a great man of an era. The light of his thoughts lit up the spiritual home of generations. This profound article still has its strong practical significance even today. The wheel of history has been running for many years. Today, we have entered a highly open era. With the globalization, information society and the enhancement of global village consciousness, we feel more and more that the world is so vast, China is going to the world, and the world is paying attention to China. So, as a young man, how should we make a choice in today's national rejuvenation? Please talk about whether we still need utilitarianism today. [Reference example: Yu Dan signed the contract at the scene, and the opponent put it on? Confucius worried, Zhuangzi angry? The T-shirt stirred up a scene. Song Zu Ying gave a concert at the Kennedy Art Center. Today is here, so are Thanksgiving, Christmas, April Fool's Day and Valentine's Day. China-France Culture Year and China-Russia Culture Year were held successively (multimedia 12, 13 presentation)].

Students answer and summarize:

It is shameful to think about our study and inheritance of China's ancient cultural heritage. The winner of the Chinese exam organized by Fudan University turned out to be a Singaporean. When you want to write to a girl you like, you certainly don't have to? The pigeon in Guanguan, in Hezhou? I am very excited. What did you write? Hold that girl in a sedan chair? When you finally propose to her, won't you use it? Wealth in life and death, happiness with your son, holding your hand and growing old with your son? what did you say ? I want to marry you? The last time I corrected my composition, a student actually repented in it. What did you say?/Sorry? Bad ancestors and bad families. Yes, how can a black sheep like you deserve it? Bad ancestors and bad sects? .

Let's also put the topic on Yu Dan, where did Dr. Ten break out? The sound of class ending? Just release it? Academic super girl? Scolded a dog, Yu Dan immediately responded here? There are more people who need to attend classes than those who need to finish classes? . Are both sides of the online debate supporting the cultural communication effect of Lecture Room? Academic fans? On the one hand, schools are cultural conservatives who denounce the vulgarization of academic stars. If we jump out of the quarrel circle and look for the intellectual demands of both sides, we find that in the realistic context, it should be everyone's * * knowledge to ensure the continuation of traditional culture and accelerate the prosperity and revival of national culture, that is, to correctly inherit cultural heritage. The evolutionary history of human culture shows that? Only tradition and? Modern? Conflicts and games continue, and cultural classics can seek rapid development in the dynamic. If the socialist grass is poisonous, we should also pull it out, and the grain grown from the seedlings of this socialism can also fill the stomachs of the 70 million poor people in socialist China. ? Not thin foreigners love the ancients? So use your head and open your eyes. First of all, we should take them. Then choose and innovate.

Not only bring it, but also send it bravely. Song Zu Ying gave a concert at the Kennedy Art Center, and Lang Ping coached the China women's volleyball team after going to the United States. Today is here, so are Thanksgiving, Christmas, April Fool's Day and Valentine's Day. The Sino-French Culture Year and the Sino-Russian Culture Year were held one after another, making the world cool and hot. However, our national culture is more colorful and our country is more dynamic and prosperous. Yes, people can be enlightened, but not enlightened. We inherit the cultural heritage, not the cultural heritage, just as people who eat beef will not become cows, because we are the new owners, because we have brought the roots of our national culture. Let's use our brains, open our eyes and learn from the glory of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cultural sages. (Multimedia 14 Presentation)

Nine, blackboard design: