Retrieval systems at home and abroad usually include not only the titles, keywords and abstracts of papers, but also their references. The quality and quantity of references are important indicators for evaluating the quality and level of papers, starting point and depth, and scientific basis, and are also important information sources for statistical analysis of quantitative evaluation indicators of periodical quality such as impact factors and citation frequency. Therefore, the number of references and the standardization of description directly affect the quality of papers and the overall level of publications.
To list relevant references correctly, it is not necessary to copy the original text in large paragraphs, but only to quote the most important viewpoints and data, which can greatly save the length of the paper. The author of this journal requires that all the achievements cited in the references (including viewpoints, methods, data, charts and other materials) should be marked and listed in the bibliography. The author should follow the national standard GB/T 77 14.
1, classification of references
According to the purpose of citation, it can be divided into citation literature, reading literature and recommendation literature.
1. Cited documents are information resources (such as data, formulas, theories, viewpoints, charts, etc.) provided by the author for direct citation. ) or indirectly quoted in the text in the process of writing or editing works.
Reading literature is the literature information resource that the author reads in the process of writing or editing works.
Recommended literature is usually literature information resources provided by experts or teachers for specific readers and specific purposes.
2. Document type and identification code
At present, there are 16 types of references and identification codes: ordinary books m, conference proceedings c, compilation g, newspapers n, journals j, dissertations d, reports r, standards s, patents p, databases DB, computer programs CP, electronic bulletin EB, archives a, maps CM, data sets ds, others Z. Anything that cannot be classified in the top 65438.
3, reference format requirements:
1. References are listed according to the serial numbers marked in the text, and [] is added after the serial numbers.
2. For common references, the marking method is as follows:
1) works: author's name, title [M]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
2) Journal paper: author's name. Title [J] Journal name, year, volume (issue): page number.
3) Minutes of the meeting: author's name, title [C]// Minutes of the meeting, meeting place and date.
4) Dissertation: author's name. Title [D] Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
5) Patent document: the name of the patent applicant or owner. Patent name: patent country, patent number [P]. Announcement date or publication date. Access path.
6) Electronic document: author's name. Title [See other for file type marks (including file carrier marks)]. Release location: publisher, release year (update or modification date) and access path.
7) Report: Name of the author. Title [R]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
8) Standard: standard number. Title. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
3. If there are no more than three authors in the same work, all of them will be included; If there are more than three authors, only the first three authors are recorded, followed by ","and so on.
4. Others: database (DB), computer program (GP), CD-ROM, online network (OL).
4. Description format of references
References are listed at the end of the article in the order in which they appear in the text; The table is marked with "reference:" (upper left box) or "[reference]" (center); The serial numbers of references are indicated by numbers and brackets in the upper left box, such as [1], [2], [etc., so as to be consistent with the format of indicating serial numbers in the text. Regarding ISO690 and ISO 6 9 0-2, each reference item ends at the end. The layout formats and examples of various reference projects are as follows:
A. Monographs, papers, papers and reports
[serial number] Principal. Title of the document [Document Type ID]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
[1], Chen Shaoye, Wang, Library catalogue [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1957.
[2] Xin Ximeng. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Technology and Information Services. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1994.
Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant Sets of Differential Semi-dynamic Systems [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Peking University, 1983.
Feng Xiqiao. LBB Analysis of Pressure Piping and Pressure Vessel of Nuclear Reactor [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997.
[5] Negroponte. Digital survival [M]. Hu Yong, Fan Haiyan, translator. Haikou: Hainan Publishing House, 19%.
B. Journal articles
【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [J]. Publication name, year, volume (issue): page numbers.
[5] He Lingxiu. Read Gu Cheng's History of Nan Ming [J]. Study on the History of China, 1998, (3): 167- 173.
Jin Xianhe, Wang Changchang, Wang Zhongdong, et al. A digital filtering technique for on-line detection of partial discharge [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Natural Science Edition),1993,33 (4): 62-67.
C. precipitation files in the file set
【 Serial number 】 The principal responsible person of the precipitation document. Title of precipitation document [A]. Primary owner of the original document (optional). Title of original file [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Page number of the precipitation document.
Application of Zhong Wenfa's nonlinear programming in combustible poison allocation [A]. Zhao Wei. Theory and Application of Operations Research-Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of China Logistics Society [C].Xi 'an: xidian university Publishing House, 1996.468-475438+0.
D. newspaper articles
【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [N]. Name and publication date (edition) of the newspaper.
[8] Xie Xide. Create new learning ideas. People's Daily,1998-12-25 (10).
E. International and national standards
[serial number] standard number, standard name.
[9] GB/T16159-1996, Basic Rules of Chinese Phonetic Orthography [S].
F. Patents
[serial number] patentee, patent name [p]. Patent country: patent number, publication date.
[10] Jiang Xizhou. Preparation scheme of a warm external medicine [P]. China patents: 88 1056073, 1989-07-26.
G. Electronic literature
[serial number] Principal. Title of electronic document [identification and carrier type of electronic document]. Source or available address, date of publication or update/date of reference of the electronic document (optional).
[1 1] Academic Hall. Standard format requirements of references. /cankao Wenxian/ 130239 . html . 20 18-03- 14。
[12] Wan Jinkun. Abstract of Journal of China University (1983- 1993). English version [D B/C D] Beijing: China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 19%.
H. Various undefined literary types
【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. Document title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.