? Paper Keywords: vocational status of secondary vocational schools, task methods
Abstract: Vocational guidance for students in secondary vocational schools is currently in a vague state. Students are not clear about the employment situation, can't position themselves objectively, and can't find jobs smoothly. Strengthen vocational guidance in secondary vocational schools, and gradually establish a perfect vocational guidance system for students in secondary vocational schools, so as to make the school an organic combination of vocational guidance and vocational skills training for students and promote students' full and smooth employment.
? First, the status of school vocational guidance
? With the deepening of system reform, education has gradually stepped into culture, and the direction of running secondary vocational schools has also undergone fundamental changes. The scale of running a school is gradually expanding, and the employment of graduates is all market-oriented and two-way choice. The quality of students has also undergone fundamental changes. Those who graduated from junior high school with excellent grades have entered ordinary high schools and are ready to enter universities. There is almost no threshold for ordinary high schools. Only those with poor grades or difficult family conditions will choose secondary vocational schools. As long as students have a junior high school diploma, they can enter the school without examination.
? The core issues such as school and employment guidance, the trend and development of school specialty is a new topic we are facing, which is related to whether students can successfully complete employment and should be paid attention to. The current situation of vocational guidance in secondary vocational schools is highlighted in the following aspects:
? ① Vocational guidance is limited to the eve of graduation. Generally, schools only offer employment guidance courses in graduating classes, and vocational education runs through the whole stage.
? ② Exam-oriented education is everywhere. In the past, in the exam-oriented education, students and teachers only paid attention to the exam and got high marks in order to pursue high school enrollment rate. In the process of students' employment guidance, vocational guidance has correspondingly become single? Examination guidance? , that is? Coping with the interview? Guidance.
? (3) A stopgap measure. The employment rate of graduates directly restricts the development of the school. It has become an important index to measure specialty setting, teaching quality, student quality and school credibility. To this end, some popular majors have become the first choice for schools, not from the reality of our school, but to cater to parents and enterprises.
? (4) the vocational guidance personnel do not meet the requirements of vocational guidance. At present, the school's vocational guidance is limited to the content of employment service, helping students collect and prepare employment-related documents, simple interview skills counseling, employment information collection, how to fill in the registration form, write employment application and so on. Lack of guidance on occupation, occupation consciousness, occupation ability, occupation interest and self-ability. So that students do not have entrepreneurial consciousness and subconscious career design concept.
? Second, the tasks, contents and methods of school vocational guidance
? The purpose of offering vocational guidance courses in schools is to help students establish good professional ethics, cultivate higher professional quality and skills, master appropriate job-hunting methods and skills, accurately collect employment information in all aspects, objectively analyze themselves, know themselves, enhance their employability, and fully and smoothly realize employment.
? 1. Strengthen the construction of vocational guidance teachers, optimize resources and recruit vocational guidance talents.
? Vocational guidance is closely related to the education of students in schools. It is a bridge to adapt to the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education and to communicate with schools, career preparation and future employment. It is also an organic part of school teaching content. On the one hand, it can help students to establish a correct professional outlook, cultivate students' good professional ethics of loving their jobs and being brave in dedication, and establish lofty professional ideals based on collectivism and serving the people. On the other hand, it helps students to know themselves, evaluate themselves correctly, and understand social needs, so as to clarify their learning goals and enhance their learning motivation. Therefore, to improve the quality of vocational guidance, we must strengthen the construction of full-time teachers.
? 2. Improve the vocational guidance mechanism to promote reasonable and healthy operation.
? As a special social institution, school education has a clear purpose. It can selectively convey values and professional awareness according to the requirements of the overall development of society, educate students on professional awareness and professional behavior, incorporate career guidance into systematic teaching, and offer career guidance courses in a targeted manner according to the specific objectives and tasks of career guidance. In order to complete this series of work, leaders must attach great importance to vocational guidance, set up corresponding institutions, invest appropriate funds and equip necessary facilities to guide the implementation of vocational guidance.
? Schools should set up a professional setting steering committee. Invite the school's professional setting Committee to invite the relevant responsible persons of enterprises and institutions to participate. The main tasks are to pay close attention to the changes in the social labor market, collect a large amount of market information, closely track the market demand, adjust the professional structure in time, set teaching objectives, make teaching plans, and grasp the overall direction of school development under the premise of giving full play to the advantages of running a school.
? ② Establish a vocational service center. The task of vocational guidance is to guide students to establish correct professional ideals and concepts according to the training objectives of vocational and technical schools, improve students' professional quality and ability in an all-round way, and provide necessary guidance and help for students' smooth employment, entrepreneurship and further education according to their needs and physical and mental characteristics, so that students can adapt to society and integrate into society at the same time. Vocational guidance focuses on educating people, and education comes first. In order to provide students with correct career guidance, schools should set up special career guidance service centers and be equipped with career guidance teachers. From the first day of school, students will subconsciously give career guidance according to their chosen major, so that they can clearly understand the requirements of various industries for the professional quality and skills of employees and help them design their career.
? ③ Establish a professional skills training guidance group (the second classroom guidance group). According to the requirements of professional courses, the vocational skills training steering group carries out vocational skills training according to the objectives of the teaching plan, contacts the basic situation of the school and combines the actual situation of students to determine the training content, training time and training methods, and conducts regular supervision and inspection. Through colorful second class activities, students can exercise their abilities and cultivate their professional interests in the activities, thus improving their comprehensive quality and promoting smooth employment.
? 3. Vocational guidance education is completed in three stages.
? The guidance of the school should run through the whole process of students from enrollment to graduation, mainly through three stages: introductory education, comprehensive education and employment education.
? (1) Elementary education is the basic stage of school vocational guidance. Mainly for junior students, freshmen should try their best to guide students to complete the role transformation from accepting to receiving vocational education as soon as possible, and choose the major direction and learning content according to their own characteristics through the catalogue introduction, setting requirements and exhibition direction of various majors in the school, so as to make concrete and practical preparations for their upcoming career. Letting students enter a certain major of the school clearly means entering the stage of laying the foundation for lifelong continuous orientation education. This is a major change on the road of life and a milestone. It is necessary to help students understand the employment mechanism, society and themselves, so that they can cherish campus life, tap their potential, improve themselves, design their future and actively adapt to the upcoming careers and careers.
? ② Comprehensive education, that is, quality training and vocational ability education, is the key stage of school vocational guidance. School vocational guidance should be organically combined with quality education and vocational ability training, and carried out simultaneously. The task of vocational guidance at each stage is to guide students to improve their comprehensive vocational ability. On the basis of primary education, we should guide students to put the initially formed ideas into their daily study and life, guide students to actively improve their ideological quality, physical quality and professional quality, actively improve their ability to adapt to social and professional changes, constantly study, innovate and practice, and guide students to strengthen their professional ideals and form a lasting and stable motivation to make progress.
? (3) In the stage of employment education, complete the school vocational guidance. In the graduation grade, students are about to enter the society, and carrying out employment-oriented education is the main part of school career guidance. It is necessary to guide students to correctly analyze the employment situation, collect demand information, master skills and understand the ways of starting a business; Guide students to treat the upcoming professional life with a positive attitude, so that students are full of confidence in the future and take the first step in their career.
? 4. Vocational guidance methods
? Scientific and effective methods are the soul of vocational guidance, and the quality of methods directly affects the effect of employment. Vocational guidance can be divided into individual guidance and collective guidance in form.
? (A) personal career guidance methods
? (1) interview method
? Interview is the main form of exchanging ideas and relaxing. The method is simple, direct and flexible, and it is very easy to close the distance between teachers and students, so that students have a sense of intimacy and emotion, and students are easy to accept the guidance of teachers. Making good use of interview skills is a sign of the level of vocational guidance.
? (1) is good at inspiration. In the interview process, after understanding the students' real situation and intentions, we should enlighten them with a cordial attitude. If students have psychological contradictions and have different views on individual issues, they should guide them according to the situation and follow the guidance, so that the conversation is conducive to understanding the situation and solving contradictions.
? (2) create an environment conducive to communication. Put yourself in the shoes, be sincere and kind, give students a sense of trust and dependence, and make students feel warm and harmonious.
? (2) case guidance method
? We should implement different methods according to the different situations of students, and we should not simplify one model and apply it to everyone. For example, some students are introverted and inarticulate. We should give them opportunities to talk more in public places and ask more questions in the third class. Consciously assign specific things, forcing him to deal with units and individuals and enhancing his social singing skills. For example, some students are timid and only focus on their own work, no matter what others do. In education, we should encourage him to be firm and confident, eliminate his inferiority complex, and try to make him bravely step onto the platform for the first time, even if it is a short stay, he will succeed. The second time, he can express his opinions on the platform, and the third time, let him organize a group activity and introduce it layer by layer, which will certainly receive good results. If there are students with superior family conditions and only children, they are obedient at home and have not suffered any blows and setbacks. Education advocates accepting frustration education, so that students can remember the lessons in the face of failure, find out the gaps, and then start over, instead of blindly blaming others for failing to keep up or breaking the jar after failure.
? In short, we should treat specific problems differently, and concrete analysis of specific problems is the soul of scientific guiding methods.
? (3) Auxiliary regulation method
? Whether you can get a job smoothly through vocational guidance is closely related to your own expectations, in addition to mastering vocational skills as required, which directly affects the success rate of employment. In education, we should help students understand themselves comprehensively and objectively, don't underestimate themselves or expect too much from themselves, adjust their job expectations in time, update their employment concepts, and choose suitable occupations reasonably.
? (4) Tracking method
? It is particularly important to track some students who implement case guidance and adjust their expectations after employment. First, they will not lose contact with the school just because they are out of school, and they will lose care and warmth. The second is to guide them to do a good job of stability in time. Thirdly, they will help themselves to work and accumulate experience, which will be beneficial to better career guidance.
? (B) collective vocational guidance methods
? There is a great difference between the vocational guidance of schools and the vocational guidance of employment agencies. The object of vocational guidance is students, with a wide range and a large number of people. It is impossible to do everything. Everyone can help them alone.
? (1) Conduct various forms of discussion, guide the problems in time, and stimulate students' interest. Usually, students often ask various questions, such as what should I do if my major is useless after graduation? Why should employers restrict gender and height? I'm majoring in computer science now, but I prefer application. Can I apply for computer-related study? In view of the various problems raised by students, we should classify, divide classes, discuss in different periods and guide them in time. Point out: two-way choice? That is, in a pragmatic spirit, combine one's hobbies, personality, temperament, specialties and other aspects with one's recruitment conditions and choose one's competent job. If we have a wide range of interests and have many skills, there will be another way to apply for a job.
? (2) Let students know about the social demand for talents, so as to motivate students to study harder.
? In order to help students cultivate their practical ability, the school implements the simulation teaching method in the teaching process, so that students can participate in the simulation training in the school first, and then let them go out and experience the professional life, which has a great incentive effect on students. Chemistry is the main major in our school. The school has an accounting simulation laboratory. After mastering the basic theoretical knowledge, students go to the laboratory to operate in person, such as a series of processes such as bill filling, review, approval, bookkeeping, posting, signing accounts, writing checks and establishing accounts. Students' practical operation ability is fully qualified for the work of each unit. For example, Gao Wei and Zhang Ping, students of the accounting interest group, used what they learned to successfully complete the rectification of the operating accounts of Dingcheng Electric Power Bureau in 2003 in 28 days during the winter vacation in 2003, which was highly praised by the leaders and awarded 1.200 yuan each. Through social practice, students not only cultivate their own abilities, but also benefit the society, killing two birds with one stone.
? ③ Simulation scene demonstration
? Simulated scene training is one of the most popular activities for students, with strong interest, high participation rate and deep impression. For example, our school's interest group once held an English mock job fair, and the position was English in the company. The well-designed question in the simulation scene is: how to dress for the examiner? How to greet people? How to introduce yourself? During the conversation, the subject answered the phone or paused briefly because of something. What should the subject do? Will you stand firm in the interview? How to answer questions in the interview, is it straightforward or euphemistic? Did you shake hands with the examiner after the interview? In the demonstration, all the students are eager to try, play different roles respectively, and master various basic interview skills in laughter.
? ④ Report meeting
? It is also a common method to use the report meeting for career guidance, such as hiring the personnel minister of the enterprise and the manager of the company to make a report on the demand for social talents, or asking the graduates who have been employed and succeeded to talk about their employment or entrepreneurial experience, and then adopting the report meeting.
? There are many ways, ways and methods of vocational guidance. How to better guide students to fully and smoothly obtain employment remains to be further explored.
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