[Abstract] This paper reviews the general situation of petroleum drilling and production equipment manufacturing industry, combs the development direction of petroleum drilling and production equipment in combination with the literature, lists the new technologies of petroleum drilling and production equipment, and puts forward two views on the development of petroleum drilling and production equipment.
[Keywords:] petroleum; Drilling and production equipment; craftsmanship
I. General situation of petroleum drilling and production equipment manufacturing
Petroleum drilling and production equipment refers to equipment specially used for onshore and offshore oil and gas exploitation.
It mainly includes onshore oil drilling and production equipment, special equipment for offshore and desert oil drilling and production, and drilling tools (outdoor tools for underground drilling and production workers).
In the whole oil drilling and production equipment, oil rigs account for 70%, oil production equipment accounts for 20%, and other equipment accounts for 10%.
Today, there are more than 100 countries and regions in the world engaged in oil and gas exploration and exploitation, but only more than 20 countries can manufacture oil drilling and production equipment, among which the United States has the strongest strength and the highest level.
China's drilling rig manufacturing level has been ahead of Russian, roughly equivalent to advanced manufacturers in Europe and America, but the cost is 20%-25% lower.
At present, China has basically mastered the international advanced manufacturing technology of oil drilling and production equipment, and has successively developed oil drilling and production equipment suitable for land, desert and marine operations. Transmission technology has developed to mechanical transmission, DC transmission, AC variable frequency electrical transmission and electromechanical composite transmission.
Second, the development goal of oil drilling and production equipment
1, drilling equipment and technology.
Develop all-electric drive and composite electric drive (silicon controlled stranded wire electric drive drilling rig and variable frequency AC variable frequency electric drive drilling rig) to improve the automation and intelligence level of drilling rigs.
Build an integrated network platform of drilling rig, electricity, liquid, gas, information, drilling instruments and automatic drilling.
① In order to shorten the disassembly, transportation and installation time during the drilling rig movement, we will vigorously develop the truck-mounted drilling rig and the truck-mounted drilling rig. Large truck-mounted rigs are used for rigs over 4000 meters, and vehicle-mounted AC frequency conversion drive and vehicle-mounted full hydraulic drive are developed for rigs below 3000 meters.
② In the manufacture of top drive drilling rig, the reliability of SCR top drive hydraulic system and electric control system is further improved, and a series of variable frequency top drives are developed.
③ Improve the reliability of conventional mud pump (52MPa), develop intelligent soft pump system, automatic detection and other unit technologies, and develop mud pumps and hydraulic mud pumps with circular hydraulic cylinders.
2. Oil production equipment and technology.
Development of mechanical oil recovery equipment.
The research and development of mechanical oil recovery equipment can meet the needs of difficult oil wells and heavy oil, wax-deposited and salt-deposited oil wells, improve economic benefits and energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects, improve the efficiency and reliability of the whole machine, and improve the technical level of automation and intelligent control.
① Develop tertiary oil recovery equipment and heavy oil recovery equipment, and intensify the energy-saving and consumption-reducing transformation of beam pumping units with high energy consumption.
② In the development of workover rig, efforts should be made to improve the safety and reliability, automation level, containerization degree and transportation capacity of products.
Vigorously develop workover equipment suitable for deep wells and remote areas, as well as special workover rigs for swamp, cold and desert areas.
③ Development of cementing and fracturing equipment.
Vigorously develop high-power, multifunctional and automatic series fracturing trucks, and develop large-displacement, high sand ratio, multifunctional and automatic sand mixing trucks.
3. Oil and gas pipeline equipment.
Vigorously develop oil and gas pipeline steel pipes and transportation equipment, including pipe-laying rigs, long-distance natural gas pipeline superchargers, large-diameter high-pressure oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline valves and oil and gas pipeline steel pipes and equipment.
The market demand of directional drilling rig for trenchless laying of medium-sized pipelines is great. Medium-sized drilling rigs are technically superior to small-sized pipeline drilling rigs, but the difficulty is far lower than that of large-sized pipeline drilling rigs, which should be vigorously developed.
Three, China oil drilling and production equipment and technology.
1, the first 12000m deep well drilling rig in China.
This is the first land-based 12000m AC variable frequency electric drive drilling rig in China in 2007 after the successful development of 9000m drilling rig in 2006. It is also the most advanced ultra-deep well land oil drilling rig in the world.
The rig adopts the most advanced all-digital AC frequency conversion control technology in the world, and all operations are intelligently controlled to ensure normal drilling operation at -40℃.
The core components of the drilling rig have been basically localized, and the rapid and successful appearance of the 12000m drilling rig will raise the exploration and development technology of complex ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs such as onshore and deep-sea oil and gas fields and extended reach wells to a new level in China.
2. The first mobile drilling rig with artificial island circular orbit.
Artificial island 7000-meter circular rail mobile block drilling rig is the first technology in the world.
Filled the domestic gap.
The main module of the drilling rig concentrates all the equipment moving on the ground on one platform, which shortens the handling and installation time and greatly improves the drilling efficiency of the factory. It is a strategic and excellent drilling equipment to accelerate offshore oil and gas development in China and realize land and sea exploitation.
The main module of drilling rig pioneered the land use of offshore drilling rig, and its bending and sliding technology was the first in the world.
3. The first multifunctional offshore 3000m drilling and workover rig in China.
The drilling and workover rig integrates three functions of drilling, completion and workover, and is suitable for the operation of jack-up and self-propelled multifunctional offshore drilling vessels.
In structural design, it is all modular and flexible.
Greatly reduce the workload of equipment hoisting on site, meet the needs of frequent disassembly, transportation and installation in offshore operation site, and greatly improve the work efficiency of offshore oil and gas exploration and development.
The equipment provided services for multiple oil and gas platforms on the first multi-functional offshore ship in China, marking a new breakthrough in the development of offshore oil drilling and production equipment in China.
4. AC frequency conversion control system for oil rigs over 10,000 meters.
The successful independent research and development of AC frequency conversion control system of 12000m ultra-deep well drilling rig marks a major breakthrough in the development of ultra-deep well oil production equipment in China, and also represents the highest level of electric control system of drilling rig in China at present.
According to the actual working state of the drilling rig, the system can send different instructions to the drilling rig in the deep underground through automatic drilling, redundant control, multi-motor load distribution, integrated control and other technologies, so that the drilling rig can achieve the best working state.
5. 10,000-meter logging winch.
The domestic advanced electric proportional control and hydraulic control dual-mode control system and three-level variable control of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and low-speed valve are adopted to realize large-range speed and ultra-low-speed logging, with the speed range of 20- 10000m/h and the logging depth of 1. 1500 m, which is deeper than that of international similar products.
Four. My opinion on developing oil drilling and production equipment
1, technical policy.
First, refer to the American API standards, improve the standard system of drilling and production equipment in China, and seriously organize the implementation.
For products that do not meet the standards, the competent department should take compulsory measures, and the user department has the right to refuse to use them.
The second is to strengthen the development and technical research of complete sets of equipment in shallow sea, ocean and desert oil fields.
China's offshore and desert areas are rich in oil resources, especially the vast desert areas in the west, which will be the most important oil reserve resources in China in the near future.
At present, offshore oil development equipment is still mainly dependent on foreign countries, and the proportion of domestic equipment is very small, while the equipment for developing shoal and desert oil fields is basically blank.
Therefore, we must speed up the development of offshore, tidal flat and desert oilfield equipment and get rid of the passive situation of relying on foreign countries as soon as possible.
The third is to strengthen the research on basic technology and key components, and carry out product reliability research.
Fourth, put the supporting products needed to develop complete sets of drilling and production equipment on the important agenda.
While grasping the main engine, we must do a good job in supporting the products.
The fifth is to develop variant products. Building blocks? Products, improve the variability and adaptability of oil drilling and production equipment.
2. Organizational measures.
First, we should appropriately increase the investment in key technologies of oil drilling and production equipment.
Second, establish risk funds and incentive funds.
Establish a risk fund to support the development of China's offshore, tidal flat and desert oil drilling and production machinery enterprises and take risks, and commend and reward the departments and grass-roots units that have made achievements in supporting the development of domestic equipment.
The third is to strictly control imports.
In order to improve the level of China's oil drilling and production equipment as soon as possible and narrow the gap with foreign countries, on the one hand, we must protect? Domestic products? Never buy equipment that can be satisfied in China? Foreign goods? On the other hand, we should selectively buy some prototypes for scientific research and manufacturing units to dissect and study, so as to learn from them in their own development.
The fourth is to break the blockade of departments and units on the digestion and absorption of imported technologies.
The introduction of foreign technology should take administrative measures to break the blockade and benefit the whole country, so that the introduced technology can play a greater role in promoting the development of China's oil drilling and production equipment.
label
In recent years, oil drilling and production machinery and equipment have updated old products and developed new products by introducing advanced technology and scientific research achievements. The quality is improving year by year, and the variety is increasing. The main conventional drilling and production machinery and equipment have formed a series, some key mechanical products and equipment have been upgraded, and the existing drilling and production equipment has developed greatly.
refer to
[1] He, Guo Yimin, Han. Study on anticorrosion technology of petroleum drilling and production equipment [J]. Petroleum mining machinery, 2002(06).
[2] Tian Hui, Yang Hongzhi. Market analysis of China oil drilling and production manufacturing industry [J]. Legal system and society, 2007(03).
[3] Han Xiaojie and Hu Qingming. 20 1 1 Petroleum and petrochemical equipment faces new market opportunities [J]. Gas separation, 20 1 1(04).
[4] Lei Yonggang. Prediction of products and technology development of petroleum machinery manufacturing [J]. Scientific Information (Scientific Teaching and Research), 2007(06).
Petroleum drilling and production equipment and technology II
Abstract: Petroleum, as the premise and foundation to support the normal development of many industries, has become the main body of national economic construction.
Since the early days of the People's Republic of China, China has always regarded oil as the main development industry, so it is more urgent to study the drilling and production technology of oil.
Relevant information shows that many enterprises have a wide range of characteristics in the process of oilfield exploitation, including different types of drilling rigs and pumping units with special functions.
In order to ensure the healthy development of petroleum industry, this paper analyzes the relevant drilling and production equipment and corresponding technologies used in all exploration and acquisition processes at present, and the specific research contents are as follows.
Keywords: drilling rig equipment technology research in petroleum industry
Before liberation, China was a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country, which had few manufacturing industries, and it was unthinkable to study the development of oil industry.
However, with the rise of China's powerful position in the world, it has accelerated the development of various industries, including the oil industry.
For the further development of petroleum industry, it is imperative to develop oil drilling and production equipment and technology.
1 development history of oil drilling and production equipment in China
1.1.65438+1960s.
The earliest oil drilling and production equipment and machinery in China were produced by Taiyuan Mining Machinery Factory and Lanzhou General Machinery Factory, but there was no specialized drilling and production machinery manufacturing industry at that time.
1.2 ethnic age
At that time, China only had some repair shops for drilling and production equipment, because it had been quoting foreign mechanical equipment.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) 1.3
Since the founding of New China, the country has attached great importance to the development of the petroleum industry, so China petroleum drilling and production machinery has developed rapidly since then.
2. Four stages of oil drilling and production equipment and technology development
2. 1 imitation stage of manufacturing process of oil drilling and production equipment parts
As the Soviet Union, Romania, Hungary and other socialist countries have provided a large number of oil drilling and production equipment for China's oil development, they have provided a material basis for China's drilling and oil production.
During this period, large domestic machinery manufacturers in China began to copy the parts of oil drilling and production equipment in these countries, mostly for timely maintenance.
2.2 imitation stage of manufacturing process of petroleum drilling and production equipment
Shanghai Dalong Machinery Factory is the first machinery factory to imitate oil drilling and production equipment. It first began to produce accessories for oil drilling and production machinery, and later successfully copied mud pumps from Soviet countries, and began to try to copy other machinery.
Then, it attracted more machinery manufacturers to follow suit, not only made various types of drilling and production equipment, but also copied many auxiliary equipment with better quality.
2.3 China independently developed oil drilling and production equipment and related manufacturing processes.
Because of the advocacy of our country? Independent and self-reliant China began to independently develop and manufacture oil drilling and production equipment with its own technical strength. Finally, through the technical transformation of BY-40 drilling rig in Karamay oilfield, a special truck with lifting capacity of 100 ton and underground electric drilling tools were manufactured.
Subsequently, many machinery manufacturers also produced more auxiliary equipment for oilfield development.
From 65438 to 0960, Lanzhou Petroleum Machinery Research Institute held a coordination meeting and passed the agreement of the first domestic drilling rig series at that time. This coordination meeting marks that the manufacturing and scientific research of China oil drilling and production machinery has entered a new stage.
Subsequently, some relevant laws and regulations on oil rigs were gradually formulated, marking the rise of China's oil drilling and production manufacturing industry.
2.4 The manufacturing process of petroleum drilling and production equipment has entered the stage of introduction, development and innovation.
In recent years, China has implemented the policy of opening to the outside world and started to introduce a number of foreign advanced oil drilling and production equipment, which has brought remarkable results to the development of drilling and production, scientific research and other aspects in China.
3. China oil drilling and production equipment and technology have achieved remarkable results.
3. 1 remarkable achievements have been made in scientific research and development.
For example, Bohai No.5 and No.7 jack-up drilling vessels won the National Science and Technology Progress Award and so on.
3.2 Develop new technologies and manufacture new drilling and production devices.
The main design basis of three-cylinder single-acting mud pump is computational mathematical model, the sleeve roller chain technology has been well strengthened, and the related auxiliary equipment has been manufactured, laying a foundation for improving the drilling technology level in China.
Moreover, in recent years, related equipment and accessories produced in China have also been exported abroad.
3.3 Significant progress has been made in standardization of spare parts and products of oil drilling and production equipment.
Since 1980, there have been more than 400 oilfield equipment standards in China (including the national standard 1 1).
3.4 Development of scientific research institutions and education of petroleum drilling and production equipment
China's major oil fields have established related petroleum drilling and production machinery research institutes and drilling technology research institutes, and they also have the test conditions for various drilling and production equipment, which has promoted the further development of China's petroleum drilling and production equipment machinery manufacturing industry.
3.5 Strengthen the discussion and cooperation among various machinery manufacturing industries.
65438-0985 China Petroleum Equipment Association was formally established in Beijing, which promoted the vigorous development of China's petroleum equipment manufacturing industry.
3.6 Oil drilling and production equipment made in China began to be exported abroad.
China began to export domestic oil drilling and production equipment to foreign countries from 198 1.
Subsequently, more and more oil drilling and production equipment series and related auxiliary equipment were exported abroad.
4 conclusion
The development history of oil drilling and production equipment and manufacturing technology is expounded. It can be seen that the rapid development of China's oil industry has promoted the rise of China's oil drilling and production equipment and technology, and even exported China's drilling and production equipment, technology and related auxiliary equipment to foreign countries, which has been recognized by the world. Therefore, the drilling and production equipment, technology and related auxiliary equipment independently developed by China meet the needs of petroleum development in China.
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