With the continuous improvement of personal quality, more and more people contact and use reports. Usually, the content of the report is very large and the length is very long. So how should the report be written properly? The following is the opening report of my graduation thesis, which is arranged for everyone. Welcome everyone to refer to it, I hope it will help you.

The opening report 1 abstract of graduation thesis is the key to summarize the main idea of the thesis and guide readers to read the thesis.

First, the abstract definition

Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work should be explained, with emphasis on the results and conclusions. Generally speaking, Chinese abstracts do not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words. Figures, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used are not used in the abstract unless absolutely necessary. You can start a new page before the title page (this page has no text), and the abstract of an academic paper is generally placed after the title and author and before the text of the paper.

Abstracts of papers are also called abstracts and executive summaries. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations. Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. It should be self-evident and have the same amount of information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. Needless to say, it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and obvious. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, it should consider the needs of readers who can't read Chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted.

Secondly, the classification of abstracts.

According to different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportorial abstracts, indicative abstracts and reportorial-indicative abstracts.

(1) report summary: Also known as informative summary or informative summary, it is characterized by a comprehensive and concise summary of the purpose, methods, main data and conclusions of the paper. Usually, this abstract can partially replace reading the full text.

(2) Indicative abstract: also often called explanatory abstract, descriptive abstract or argumentative abstract. Generally, only two or three sentences are used to summarize the theme of the paper, and arguments and conclusions are not involved. Mostly used for summary, meeting report, etc. This abstract can be used to help potential readers decide whether they need to read the full text.

(3) Report-indicative summary: the part of the document with high information value is expressed in the form of report summary, and the rest is expressed in the form of indicative summary.

Third, the writing of abstract.

At present, most papers published in China journals use reportable abstracts. That includes the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper. However, the abstract of graduation thesis is mostly an indicative abstract, which summarizes the theme and main content of the article. In the process of writing an indicative abstract, the author should first briefly introduce the writing background of the paper, then briefly introduce the main content of the article, mainly the outline of the article, and finally introduce the research significance of the article.

Four. Matters needing attention in writing abstract of paper

(1) What has become common knowledge in this field should be excluded from the abstract; Never write what should appear in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).

(2) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation of Several Kinds of China Orchid Seeds in Vitro Culture", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: In order to study Rhizome Formation of Several Kinds of China Orchid Seeds in Vitro Culture.

(3) Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.

(4) Use the third person. It is suggested that the nature and theme of the literature should be indicated at one time by means of research, status report and investigation, instead of taking this article and the author as the subject.

(5) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.

(6) In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and illustrations and tables do not appear.

(7) Unless the literature confirms or denies the published works of others, there is no need to cite them.

(8) Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by adjacent professional readers. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as adopting legal units of measurement, using language and punctuation correctly, are also applicable to the preparation of abstracts. At present, the main problems in writing are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Improper simplification.

Structure and writing method of opening report.

1, project name. The topic must be consistent with the content. Accurate, to the point, specific, distinct, concise and eye-catching. Generally speaking, subheadings are not used to open reports.

2. Signature. At the bottom of the topic, you must sign the research unit of the topic, and generally do not write the name of the writer. The purpose of signing is to show the responsibility for the opening report.

3. You can't write a summary and keywords in the opening report.

4. Preface. The preface is the preface of the opening report. The preface should generally explain the process of topic selection, project establishment and approval, as well as the preparation, reasons, significance, investigation and work done before topic selection. We should strive to be concise, cut to the chase, seek truth from facts and get to the point. Don't cover everything, irrelevant, irrelevant; Or you can say whatever you want, leaving no room.

5, the text. The body of the opening report occupies the main length of the report and is the main body of the report. The main part must comprehensively expound and demonstrate the contents of the re-demonstration, including observation, testing, investigation, analysis, learning, viewpoints and theories on the formation of materials before learning.

Graduation thesis opening report 2 topic selection process:

The personal finance business of commercial banks in China started late. Although they have made some progress, they are still in the initial stage. There are many problems and imperfections in many aspects. However, with the continuous development and improvement of China's market economy, the per capita disposable income in China has increased rapidly, and the demand for personal financial services has become increasingly strong, making personal financial services develop very rapidly in China.

In recent years, personal financial services have gradually become the focus of competition among major commercial banks, and major commercial banks have launched personal financial services. With the rapid development of economy, personal finance business will be the main field of bank competition in the future. In addition, due to the limited time and energy, ordinary residents lack the corresponding basic knowledge of investment and financial management and awareness of legal protection. Faced with a large amount of spare money, they don't know how to arrange their property so that it can be effectively allocated. Therefore, ordinary residents hope to determine the direction, channels and varieties of investment and financial management through the guidance of banks and other financial institutions, adjust the investment structure in a planned way, avoid the blindness and randomness of personal investment and financial management, and thus obtain the maximum investment income. Commercial banks should let ordinary citizens know what personal finance business is according to market demand.

Compared with banks, commercial banks have a wide range of personal financial services and stable operating income, which is a high-profit business. The development of personal financial business plays an important role in realizing the diversification of bank assets structure, alleviating the excess pressure in liquidity in the banking system and reducing the structural risks of deposits and loans. It has become the leading product and important income source of many commercial banks in developed countries, and occupies an important position in the business development of commercial banks. Furthermore, with the full opening of China's financial market and the influx of many foreign banks, it is difficult for domestic commercial banks to compete with foreign banks only by traditional deposit and loan business, so they must develop new business. Under the background of opportunities and challenges, it is of great significance for domestic commercial banks to deeply study the development status, existing problems and their roots of personal financial services and put forward operable development suggestions according to the actual situation of domestic commercial banks. This is also the significance of this topic. Research status at home and abroad:

Foreign studies

Since 1970s, under the impact of financial innovation, the personal finance business in western developed countries has developed rapidly. The research on personal finance in western countries is very in-depth and extensive, and there are many related research articles and works. The research object of personal financial management abroad is mainly financial management tools, focusing on the application of financial management business, making full use of financial management tools to serve individuals and achieve the purpose of value-added financial management.

(b) domestic research

The personal finance business of China's commercial banks started late, and the initial development time was in the middle and late 1990s. After the 20th century, the personal finance business of China's commercial banks has developed rapidly, and there are more and more domestic research articles and monographs on personal finance of commercial banks. Domestic research articles and works mainly focus on the basic knowledge, existing problems and countermeasures of personal finance, while the research on the present situation is relatively simple, with only a brief introduction. In addition, the bank's personal finance business has no key issues, and the research focus is biased. Moreover, there is no practical solution, which is not practical and needs to learn from foreign research.

Preliminary idea:

This topic will start with the development of personal finance business of commercial banks at home and abroad, and select several representative commercial banks in China as the research object and starting point to analyze and study the development status and existing problems of domestic commercial banks. The outline is as follows: Firstly, the concept, content and theoretical basis of personal finance in domestic commercial banks are expounded. Then it introduces the present situation, characteristics and development trend of personal finance business in domestic commercial banks. On this basis, this paper makes a comparative analysis of personal financial services of domestic and foreign commercial banks, finds out the problems existing in the development of personal financial services of commercial banks in China, and finds out the root causes of these problems. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the personal finance business of commercial banks in China and the causes of the problems, this paper puts forward some effective countermeasures for the development of personal finance business of commercial banks in China.

Innovation:

(1) This paper attempts to analyze the personal finance business from the perspective of financial innovation theory.

(2) This paper attempts to systematically summarize the development, characteristics and existing problems of personal business in China's commercial banks in recent years, especially since 20xx. On this basis, more effective and comprehensive countermeasures are put forward.

Significance and feasibility of theory and practice (including literature review)

Significance of theory and practice:

On the basis of studying the present situation of personal finance business of commercial banks at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the development countermeasures of personal finance business of commercial banks in China, combining with the reality of personal finance business of commercial banks in China. This will help China's commercial banks to further occupy the high-end market, improve the utilization rate of financial funds and complete the transformation to modern financial services. At the same time, it is helpful for commercial banks to enhance their core competitiveness beyond traditional business.

Feasibility:

In the process of studying this topic, I will collect a wide range of documents related to this topic through school library resources, computer network retrieval, related books and reports, and combine with China's reality, use some basic theories learned in this major, and adopt the methods of literature analysis, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis to systematically explain the problems existing in personal finance business of commercial banks in China.

Literature review:

I read about 20 articles in the process of data collection, most of which are journal articles.

Zhang Linna, Zhao Jianfeng, Zhang Jinglin, Wu Dan, Huang Wei. The present situation and development strategy of personal finance business in China's commercial banks [J]. Business Culture News, 20xx(08). (Main content: This paper mainly analyzes the development status and existing problems of personal financial services of commercial banks in China, and on this basis, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on how to further develop personal financial services of domestic commercial banks. )

[2] Jin Yuhuan. Problems and countermeasures in the development of personal financial products in China's commercial banks [J]. Modern Business Daily, 20xx(06). (Main content: This paper mainly introduces the development of personal financial products in China's commercial banks, and puts forward various problems in view of the present situation of personal financial products in China, and puts forward some measures for solving these problems in China's commercial banks. )

[3] Gu Hua. Analysis on the current situation and development of personal finance business in China's commercial banks [J]. Time Finance News, 20xx(03). (Main content: By expounding the development of personal finance business of commercial banks in China, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of personal finance business of commercial banks, and then puts forward solutions. )

[4] Liu Yang, Zhang Mi. Discussion on personal finance business of commercial banks in China [J]. Economic guide, 20xx(0 1). (Main content: This paper mainly expounds the problems existing in the development of personal finance business of commercial banks in China, and puts forward the strategies for commercial banks to develop personal finance business. )

[5] Zhang Qin Long, Pan Jiangshan. The influence of financial crisis on commercial banks' wealth management business and its countermeasures [J]. Southwest Financial News, 20xx(08). (Main content: Based on the influence of the financial crisis and economic cyclical adjustment on the personal wealth management business of domestic commercial banks, this paper makes a profound analysis, and puts forward some relevant suggestions on developing the wealth management business of Chinese commercial banks, such as strengthening market research and establishing a restraint mechanism for financial planners. )

[6] Hao Jun. Countermeasures for the development of personal finance business of commercial banks [J].20xx(02). (Main content: This paper mainly puts forward the problems existing in personal finance business of commercial banks, and draws lessons from the successful experience of foreign commercial banks, and puts forward some countermeasures for the development of personal finance business of commercial banks in China. )

[7] Su Zhi. Research on the Competitive Strategy of Personal Finance Business of Commercial Banks in China [J]. Financial World, 20xx(0 1). (Main content: Firstly, it demonstrates the importance and necessity of improving the competitiveness of personal finance business of commercial banks, and then summarizes and analyzes the disadvantages of personal finance business of commercial banks at present. Finally, on this basis, this paper studies the competitive strategy of personal finance business of commercial banks in China under the new financial environment, and probes into the strategic measures for its development. )

[8] He Shuhong, Yang,. China Commercial Bank personal financial management model [J]. Economic issues, 20xx(05). (Main content: By analyzing the current situation and mode of personal financial management business of commercial banks in China, aiming at the shortcomings of the current financial management mode of commercial banks in China. Put forward corresponding suggestions. )

[9] Zhou Aimin. Thoughts on Promoting the Development of Personal Finance [J]. Financial Accounting, 20xx(3). (Main content: By expounding the development history of personal finance business at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the market environment faced by Chinese commercial banks in developing personal finance business, and points out some problems and risks existing in personal finance business of Chinese commercial banks in combination with the problems arising in the development of personal finance business of commercial banks and the gap with similar services of foreign commercial banks, and puts forward targeted suggestions. )

Wen Qiong. Discussion on the development of personal finance business in China's commercial banks [J]. Hainan Financial News, 20xx(05). (Main content: This paper analyzes the development history and present situation of personal finance business of commercial banks in China, puts forward the existing problems and reasons, and finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. )

[1 1] Guo, Phyllostachys pubescens. On the product design of personal financial products of commercial banks [J]. China Collective Economy News, 20xx(05). Main content: By analyzing the development of personal financial products of commercial banks in China under the background of financial crisis, the characteristics of personal financial services of commercial banks in developed countries abroad are summarized. This paper sums up the common problems existing in personal financial products of commercial banks in China, briefly expounds the factors influencing the product design of personal financial products of commercial banks in China, and sums up some suggestions for improving the design of personal financial products of commercial banks in China. )

Chen Lang. Research on the Marketing of Personal Financial Products in China's Commercial Banks [J]. Shopping Center Modernization News, 20xx(05). (Main contents: This paper introduces the development of personal financial products of commercial banks in China and the necessity of implementing marketing, summarizes the problems existing in the marketing of personal financial products of commercial banks in China, and based on this, puts forward the marketing development strategies of personal financial products of commercial banks in China. )

[13] fluff. On the innovation and development of personal financial products of commercial banks in China [J]. China Foreign Investment News, 20xx(07). (Main content: This paper analyzes the turning point and existing problems in the innovation and development of personal financial products of commercial banks in China, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures in order to make suggestions for the innovation and development of personal financial products of commercial banks in China. )

Peng Ling. Problems and Countermeasures of Personal Financial Products of Commercial Banks in China [J]. Journal of Production Research, 20xx(02). (Main content: In-depth study of the problems existing in personal financial products of commercial banks in China and find out the corresponding solutions. )

Sun Fengxia. Supply and demand analysis of personal financial products in China's commercial banks [J]. Financial perspective, 20xx( 14). (Main content: By analyzing the factors that affect the supply and demand of personal wealth management products in China's commercial banks, find out the reasons for the imbalance between supply and demand, and put forward suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problems. )

[16] Wang Peng. Enlightenment of VIP customers of commercial banks investing in bank wealth management products to personal wealth management business ―― Taking VIP customers of Nanjing Commercial Bank as an example [J]. Market Weekly, 20xx(07). (Main content: Through the sampling questionnaire survey of the major customers of Nanjing Commercial Bank, this paper makes an empirical analysis and research, aiming at understanding the factors that influence the major customers to invest in the bank's wealth management products, so as to develop the commercial banks. )

Methods and means to be adopted in the process of writing papers.

(1) Literature analysis method: It is mainly used for the author to learn and summarize the relevant theories and summarize the literature of personal finance business at home and abroad. Detailed analysis and study of comprehensive literature at home and abroad.

(2) Comparative analysis: It is mainly used to analyze the differences between Chinese-funded commercial banks and foreign-funded commercial banks in developing personal financial services. Through comparative analysis, we can get the direction of our country's commercial banks to develop personal financial services.

(3)PEST analysis method: it is mainly used to analyze the macro-environment faced by China's commercial banks' personal finance business, including policy, economy, society and technology.

Outline of thesis writing

1. Introduction

1. 1 The development status of personal financial services in China's commercial banks.

1.2 Personal Finance Background of China Commercial Bank

1.3 development of personal finance business of China commercial bank

1.4 introduction of common personal financial products of China commercial bank

2. Comparison of the development of personal financial services of domestic and foreign commercial banks

2. 1 development of personal finance business of overseas commercial banks

2.2 Domestic and foreign commercial banks' personal finance business development comparison.

3. Problems existing in the development of personal finance business in China's commercial banks

3. 1 Lack of correct market positioning and serious product homogeneity.

3.2 Financial services "brand" awareness is weak, unable to achieve brand competitive advantage.

3.3 The planning and construction of the internal management information system of commercial banks are relatively backward.

3.4 lack of financial professionals, low level of service

4. Policy suggestions for China's commercial banks to develop personal financial services

4. 1 Establish the core concept of customer-centered financial services

4.2 Innovative management mechanism to meet the development needs of wealth management business.

4.3 Adjust marketing means and establish a market-oriented marketing strategy.

4.4 Strengthen product innovation and take the road of diversification and individualization.

4.5 Increase technical input and improve the technical system of China's commercial banks.

4.6 Strengthen the training of financial personnel and form an effective account manager system.

5. Conclusion