Embroidered words embroidered with linen are found in history books. There is embroidery when it is smooth. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, a black silk hat has been set up, and the cold pavilion has embroidery. The third wife, Wu Zhao Sun Quan, embroidered the topographic map of Junzhen Mountain. In the first year of Tang Yongzhen (AD 805), seven volumes of Lu Mei Niang in Beijing were embroidered on the silk foot. Because embroidery is famous, we can see the records of the former. Because of North Korea, embroidery has become a unique art of boudoir, and famous embroiderers also occupy a place in the history of art.
Two pieces of embroidery unearthed from Chu Tomb of Warring States Period in Changsha, Hunan. Looking at its knitting needles, the complete braided strands (that is, lock embroidery) are embroidered with silk, with neat full scale, elegant colors, smooth lines, natural and lively patterns, which fully demonstrates chu xiu's artistic achievements. Embroidery in the Han Dynasty, Dunhuang in the Thousand Buddha Cave, and Wuluman Tomb in Hebei Province, among which individual tombs in northern Inner Mongolia and Asta in Turpan, Xinjiang have been unearthed, especially the large-scale complete embroidery unearthed in the Han Tomb of Mawangdui in 1972, which is also helpful to understand that the themes of Chinese embroidery patterns are mostly wavy phoenix, flying, animals galloping, and ribbon patterns and geometric patterns commonly found in the decoration of Han mirrors. Basically, the new materials used in bottom embroidery are all popular fabrics at that time, such as the words "long life and the best offspring" and "Changle Guangming" woven with silk brocade. Its main technology is lock embroidery, pattern filling, tight pattern, neat stitches and extremely smooth.
Unearthed in Dunhuang, Gansu, Hotan, Bachu, Turpan and other places, both embroidery patterns and blanks are embroidered into a full picture with exquisite embroidery locks, which has become an embroidery function all over the place. The religious art of embroidery handed down from generation to generation in the Tang Dynasty is closely related to the religious art unearthed in the Tang Dynasty. Among them, there are many Tang-embroidered Buddha statues, such as the jiusan Thousand Buddha Cave Dunhuang Collection in the Oriental Buddha Embroidery Account of the British Museum. It is said that the discovery of Tibetan Buddha on the map is directly related to the missionary work of Nara National Museum in Japan and the belief in Buddha heaps. At this point, the embroidery technology still follows the lock embroidery of the Han Dynasty, but the needles have begun to change from Ping Xiu, and different needles with the same color are adopted. This material not only embroidered Shu brocade silk, but also ended peace. Second-hand embroidery patterns are closely related to painting. In addition to painting Buddha statues, landscape flowers and birds also gradually flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Buddha statues, pavilions, flowers and birds have all become embroidery patterns, with vivid compositions and bright colors. Using exquisite embroidery thread and various colors of stitches, it depicts another specific art form of painting, which is also the unique style of Tang embroidery. It can be regarded as an innovation of embroidery in the Tang Dynasty to use the outline of gold and silver scrolls to enhance the three-dimensional sense.
Mostly for practical and decorative purposes, embroidery content and life needs and habits. For the embroidery of the Song Dynasty, besides the real daily necessities, I am especially keen on embroidery painting. Since Jin and Tang Dynasties, calligraphy and literati loved painting. The highest expression of calligraphy art in Song Dynasty was more and more silk embroidery, and the style of embroidery painting directly affected the style. Until the Qing dynasty, the relationship between painting and painting should not be separated.
Embroidered Song: Li Ci: Burning, Li
Embroidered leaves open, listening to the wind and lowering his head.
I missed a dusty dream and walked through this year.
The locked door was pushed open.
I can't find your ancient embroidered hand in my heart.
Don't worry about the old lover shaking his tears with concentrated water, look for BR br time and space changes/> Song scattered you and me alone and smiled.
Lack of heartfelt love, can you tell me?
I'm still dreaming, and I like to hear you look at me like water.
Twilight drum and morning bell embroidery reduces winter incomprehension.
I smell the flowers in the sky. I hope you can look back and see that the road is still elegant when you come.
Embroider long dreams and fly together.
The national and folk paper-cutting handicraft art has its own formation and development process. Paper was invented by China in the Western Han Dynasty in the 6th century BC. When people make hollowed-out carving crafts with plates through technology, they did not expect that there would be carving, carving, picking, carving, cutting gold, peeling, shredding, shredding and even cutting flowers in the leaves. "Brother Jian Feng in Historical Records" describes the period from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the time when he and the king of buttonwood cut "Gui" to give his brother and sealed the soup of Ji Yu. During the Warring States period, there were leather carvings (one of the cultural relics of the Chu Tomb in Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei Province) and silver hollowed-out carvings (solid Huixian, the site of henan village, a relic of the Warring States period), which laid the foundation for the emergence of folk paper-cutting. Two kinds of flower paper-cut in China: the world's largest paper-cut tiger archaeology
In Turpan Basin near Gaochang site, the first paper-cut work was found in 1967 North Astana ancient tomb, and it was found that the hemp paper they used was folded, which was a paper-cut ceremony, providing physical evidence for the research results of national paper-cut forms. The history of paper-cutting art, that is, the true meaning of paper-cutting, should begin with the appearance of paper. The emergence, development and popularization of paper-cutting in Han Dynasty. Paper is a very perishable material. In the southeast region with humid climate and rainy days in May and June, paper products and folk paper-cutting are popular every year with the passage of time. If people don't keep them as treasures, they can destroy scissors. There is little rain in the northwest of China, and the climate is dry, so the paper is not easy to get moldy, which is also found in Turpan, which is an important reason for paper-cutting in the north. Paper-cutting has developed in the Tang Dynasty. In Du Fu's poems, the phrase "heating to wash feet, paper-cutting to move my soul" was circulated among the people as a custom at that time. At present, the paper-cutting art of the Tang Dynasty collected by the British Museum is quite high. A complete picture composition and the ideal expression time of a person's paradise can be seen. In the popular and clean Tang Dynasty, the plate-making function of its paper-cut patterns can be found in Tibetan woodcuts such as "Sheep" by Masakura Institute in Japan. Now, its hand-made sheep paper-cut patterns are a typical artistic expression. In the Tang Dynasty, screen printing boards were also used in folk paper-cutting, and people printed dyes on cloth with thick engravings to form exquisite patterns. Mature paper in Song Dynasty has various names, which provides conditions for the popularization of paper-cutting. Become popular gifts, such as "fireworks" and "window grilles", or lanterns and decorative teacups. ; Folk paper-cutting was applied in Song Dynasty. Paper-cutting with Xiji ceramic pattern in He Yao area was glazed, and the fired ceramics were more exquisite and gradually expanded. Folk also make full use of paper-cut forms, engraved with the fur and shadow play of animals such as donkeys, cows, horses and sheep; The engraving made of blue printed cloth is carved into strips with oilpaper board, and the scraping of flower patterns is based on the process of paper-cut edition, which can be divided into negative and positive engraving, reducing the long-term and scattered reality. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, hand-cut paper developed maturely and reached its peak. Folk paper-cut handicraft art has a wider application range. Flowers, fans on decorative patterns and folk embroidery patterns on lanterns all use paper-cut as reprocessed decoration. But more often, China folk paper-cut is used as decorative household ornaments to beautify the home environment, such as doorjambs, window grilles, cabinet flowers, wedding flowers, and flowers are used to decorate the roof windows and paper-cut rooms. In addition to note-taking craftsmen in the Southern Song Dynasty, the basic ranks of China folk paper-cut handicrafts all appeared after the patterns of rural women. Female red is an important symbol of the perfection of traditional women in China. As a compulsory skill of needlework, paper-cutting will become a skill that girls have always wanted to learn. From there, they are seniors or seniors who learn paper-cut patterns, and through temporary cutting, re-cutting, painting and cutting, they describe their familiarity and love for nature, birds and insects, flowers and trees, pavilions and bridges, and finally reach the realm of their own will and write and cut out new patterns. Hand-cut paper, like ivy, is an ancient and evergreen folk art in China. With its unique, practical and beautiful popularity, it has become the symbolic psychological demand of people waiting in line. As early as the Han and Tang Dynasties, folk women, that is, You Long with foil color, got valuable gold and silver, and temples were also decorated with flowers and birds to keep up with the fashion. Then paper-cut stories of flowers, animals or people in various colors are gradually developed in festivals, which are pasted on windows (called "window grilles") and lintels (called "door stickers") as decorations, and can also be used as decorative or gift embroidery patterns. Paper-cutting art has a long history, and it has been widely recorded in ancient poetry books: Cuilu 1 in Tang Dynasty, which is a poem, and there is a saying: "To reduce Yichun characters, people are chilling to cut them." Yichun Post here is now a familiar paper-cutting word. 2 Tang Yin's "Who's Who" poem: "Lou Jinsheng spreads fine customs and brings people to Shanxi." Ribbon is paper-cut. The paragraph style of Miscellaneous Youyangwa in the Tang Dynasty says: "beginning of spring Day is the home of literati, small paper-cut coils, or the beauty of hanging first, or the spring decorated with flowers, butterflies and scissors wins the drama. "Xi Yatang's Miscellaneous Notes on Poetry and Talk" wrote: "Four Songs in Fine brushwork" is full of old topics, with patterns of various colors cut out, and all the words are cut out in a very subtle and original way with every letter of Cheng Zhi, which is intact. . In particular, teenagers can cut sleeves and other flowers with high precision, that is, "opening home" and "cutting mode" means "paper-cutting" 10, said Jiande County, Guangzhou. " Lin Wenhui, the word Qi Gang, paper-cut for the word, such as flying snakes, there is no difference, the room with a human axe, easy to spend meters. People call it scissors. "Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of images to produce better results. Whether it is combined with one or more images, it is shaped by "meaning" and "meaning structure", not by objective natural forms. At the same time, he also adopts various methods to be better at creating mascots, and agrees to merge them into a vulgar expression for his own spiritual image. Pursuing auspiciousness has become one of the ultimate goals of metaphorical image combination. Folk paper-cutting has been widely spread for a long time, mainly because of its performance function of accepting blessings and welcoming auspiciousness. The invasion of adversity, geographical limitations, isolation and culture, and natural disasters have stimulated people's desire for a long and happy life. People long for prosperity, health, longevity and good luck. This is very simple. They communicate through nursing documents. Folk paper-cut "deer and crane in the same spring" is the theme of folk traditional patterns. According to records, cranes are "blackbirds" and blackbirds are ordinary "birds". In Luming Literature's folk culture, cranes are called "migratory birds", deer and cranes are in the same spring, and spring is a symbol of life. Folk deer and Paul are homophonic, and cranes and birds have always been regarded as longevity, so it means that deer and cranes live together for a long time. The relative production efficiency of civil society is low, and human labor has become an eternal ideal to ensure survival and get rid of disease and death in people's suffering. Folk paper-cutting expresses the desire for life in various forms, shields life, praises life, and shows the joy that students worship life and become pious. "Eagle riding a rabbit" is one of the folk customs of the bridal chamber, and in folklore, the traditional pattern is extremely broad. Yu Ying's "Yang Guifei" is the same as chickens, birds and crows. It is said that the sun is deified as a "three-legged bird" among the people, and Sun is called a "crow" among the people. Rabbit, which means "shadow", is said to be a rabbit for a month. The metaphor of an eagle riding a rabbit embodies the theme of reproductive worship. Common folk paper-cut flowers sit in tents, and the joy of flowers is manifested in metaphorical lifestyle and thriving worship pursuit. "Buckling bowls", "catching buns and dolls" and "fishing for lotus flowers" are the themes of paper-cut works in various places, and there are countless examples. The concept of praying for life, as an inexhaustible folk text, has given blood and exuberant vitality. The creator and careful treatment of paper-cut wealth always breeds optimistic and firm beliefs and hopes, and paper-cut is very suitable for them to create an external picture for a better life. These auspicious folk paper-cuts have become activities of various ethnic issues to meet the spiritual and psychological needs of the general public, support human survival and enrich human life. In folk paper-cutting, we can see many pictures reflecting production and life. The great figures in these works all have one thing in common, that is, exaggerated themes of big fish, big peppers, big silkworms and big grains. Through paper-cutting, the beautiful image of fictional characters; Comfort their souls, publicize the great creativity of human conquest to establish their own ideal world, affirm human strength and inspire people's courage to continue their struggle. The performance of folk paper-cutting is not a simple and straightforward language, but a message to be conveyed to children, that is, to borrow these established image concepts to popularize, so that people can look forward to a better life and hope for good luck and happiness. It contains all kinds of fashionable, weird, but outspoken styles of paper-cutting beauty, which stems from the original image thinking and folk aesthetic concepts; Systematically, there is a scheme, including a unique imaging system; Judging from China's original philosophy and worldview, his artistic charm is even more impressive.