Shang (1875- 1963), born in 1875, was a Han soldier stationed in Zhengbai Banner of Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. Famous scholars and calligraphers. 1894 Wu Jia imperial examination. 1904 was the last imperial examination in Qing dynasty, and it won the third place in palace examination. In the late Qing Dynasty, he became a branch flower explorer and was edited by the Hanlin Academy. He used to be a lecturer and writer, editor of the National Museum of History, head school of the Museum of Records and proofreader of the Wen Yuan Pavilion. He has served as Secretary of the Ministry of Finance of the National Government and Financial Commissioner of Jiangxi Province. After the founding of New China, he has served as the director of Jiangsu Literature and History Research Institute, the deputy director of China Literature and History Research Institute, the Standing Committee of Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and the deputy director of Guangdong Literature and History Research Institute.
Chinese name: Shang.
Alias: Self-made Pavilion,No. Zhang You,No. Guan Chen,No. Xi Le Kang Old Man.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Lianhua Lane, Zhihang Street, Guangzhou
Date of birth: 1875
Date of death:1aug 28, 963
Occupation: scholar, calligrapher
Masterpiece: Records of Imperial Examination in Qing Dynasty
Native place: Han soldiers stationed in Zhengbaiqi, Guangzhou; Panyu Guangdong
outline
Shang (1875- 1963), born in 1875, was a Han soldier stationed in Zhengbai Banner of Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. Scholars and calligraphers.
I have studied hard since I was a child. He was the imperial examiner in the Sino-Japanese War 1894. He studied in Xihua Hall of Guangxiao Temple in Guangzhou for many years, and then entered Haitang, Jupo Jingshe and Yingyuan Academy. /kloc-in 0/904, Jia Chenke was awarded the third place in the flower exploration, and was awarded the editor-in-chief by the Hanlin Academy and entered the Jinshi Pavilion. During this period, 1906- 1909 was sent to Tokyo Hosei University to study law and politics. Later, he served as an assistant lecturer and writer in the Hanlin Academy, an assistant editor in the National History Museum, and a general school official and assistant in the Records Museum.
19 12, employed as a research assistant in the East Asian Studies Department of HamburgischesKolonialinstitut School, Germany, 19 16 returned to China after the contract expired. (The Hamburg Colonial Institute was founded in April 1908, and was abolished after World War I. 19 19 When the University of Hamburg was founded, the colonial college was merged into the university. )
After returning to China, he served as an adviser to the Deputy Presidential Palace in Beijing, an internal advisor to the Military Supervision Office of Jiangsu Province, an adviser to the Grand Presidential Palace, and a financial commissioner of Jiangxi Province. 1927 secretary of the Ministry of finance of the national government. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, 1946 returned to Nanjing.
/kloc-0 was appointed as the deputy curator of central research institute of culture and history in July, 1960. 1963 died in Guangzhou on August 28th at the age of 88.
Erudition and academic contribution
Shang studied calligraphy all his life, and learned regular script Yan Zhenqing and Chu Suiliang. After middle age, he studied the famous cursive scripts of past dynasties, and he changed freely and flew freely. Running script is particularly flowing and elegant. 194 1 year's regular script "Heart Sutra Axis", people's evaluation of it is "the most important thing is that you can touch people without losing the ethereal silence, and a clear air runs through the whole picture." Shang's paintings are sometimes famous, especially bamboo and stone paintings. Shang died in Guangzhou on 1962. He is the author of Records of Imperial Examinations in Qing Dynasty, A Brief History of Imperial Examinations in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and A Collection of Poems, Paintings and Calligraphy Handed Down from Generation to Generation.
family background
brief introduction
The ancestors of Shang moved to Shenyang at the end of the Ming Dynasty, then joined the Han army and entered the customs in the Qing Dynasty. In the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), three flags, namely, inlaid yellow flag, Zhengbai flag and Huangzheng flag, were stationed in Guangzhou, and Shang Guoxiu, the ancestor of Shang family, was stationed in Guangzhou with Zhengbai flag of Han army. Since then, businessmen have opened branches in Guangzhou. (Volume 61 of Eight Banners Annals of King James recorded that Shang was from Shenyang, which proved that Shang was from Shenyang in the genealogy of moving to Guangdong was accurate. )
Shang's father, Shang Tinghuan, is a poor scholar. He failed to take part in scientific research seven times. In desperation, he pinned all his hopes on his two sons. In order to give his second son a quiet reading environment, Shang Tinghuan carved out a piece of land in Lianhua Lane, Guangzhou's residence, planted flowers and bamboos, and built several huts, named Yu Lian Garden. The second son failed to meet his father's expectations. He was a scholar in the middle of 1890, and then they took the senior high school entrance examination.
Shang has the reputation of "Jade Mountain and Double Phoenix" in the history of Guangdong Imperial Examination (Shang and Shang are two scholars). Meanwhile, Shang's two sons, Shang and Shang Chengzuo, are both famous scholars and professors. Among them, Shang was the director of the Foreign Languages Department of Nanjing University, and Shang Chengzuo was a famous ancient philologist and professor of Sun Yat-sen University. In his later years, Shang wrote Imperial Examination Records of Qing Dynasty and Imperial Examination Records of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and even memorized the examination questions of that year, leaving a very valuable wealth for future generations. In June1956165438+10, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed "Exploring Flowers in His Later Years" for him, introducing his happy life in his later years.
Shang died in 1963, and his son Professor Shang Chengyue died in 199 1. They are the three children of Professor Shang Chengzuo, and their family continues to write business history in Lingnan. The eldest daughter Shang Zhinan is an ophthalmologist in Railway Central Hospital, the eldest son Shang Zhifu is an expert in Guangdong Literature and History Museum, and the second son Shang Zhi is a well-known professor in the Department of Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University.
phylogenetic tree
Four generations of businessmen: the first generation: Shang Tinghuan
The second generation: business and business.
The third generation: the descendants of Shang, Shang and Shang Chengzuo.
The fourth generation: Shang Chengzuo's descendants Shang Zhinan, Shang Zhifu and Shang Zhixiang Qin.
Shang Tinghuan was the first scholar to engage in this cause. Shang Tinghuan (1840- 1887), whose real name is Wei Tian, is Zhang Mingren. The pioneer of Shang culture family was born in the Eight Banners and studied under Chen Li. I have been studying hard for fame and fortune since I was a child. I didn't pass the exam seven times, so I stopped taking the science exam. Later, he was forced to open a private school to make a living, during which business was bleak. Before he was 50, he drove the crane to the west.
Jean-Ada-China's last flower exploration.
Famous calligrapher Shang. Shang (1870- 1960) was a scholar of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, and was edited by imperial academy. He was an academician during Guimao's reign, a former lecturer in imperial academy and a supervisor of preparatory courses in imperial academy in the late Qing Dynasty. Famous calligrapher. After middle age, the political stance of businessmen tends to be conservative. Puyi mentioned in "My First Half Life" that Zhang Xueliang has been actively striving for the restoration of Puyi in the old department of Feng Department.
Shang, a native of China, is proficient in German. During the Republic of China, he was the editor of Ethnology Group of Institute of Social Sciences of Shanghai Academia Sinica, the lecturer of China Institute of Hamburg University, the former professor of Foreign Languages Department of Faculty of Literature of Tokyo National Central University, and the professor of Foreign Languages Department of Nanjing University. Works published in the 1930s. 65438-0959 Join the Chinese Writers Association. His translations include Heine's anthology of essays.
Shang chengzuo--the originator of chu cultural archaeology. Shang Chengzuo (1902- 199 1 year), the word Xiyong, is called Qizhai. I have been addicted to ancient times since I was a child. From 65438 to 0922, I studied Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen with Luo Zhenyu as my teacher. The 22-year-old Yin Xu Zi Bian is one of the earliest and most successful dictionaries in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China. Many academic papers and works written afterwards are original and well received by the academic circles. Shang Chengzuo's Records of Ancient Sites in Changsha and Catalogue of Chu Lacquerware Unearthed in Changsha are the pioneering works of Chu culture research, and they are called the pioneering fathers of the archaeological dissemination and research of Chu culture in Hunan.
Family anecdote
There is a rumor among the people that Zhu Ruzhen is the real champion, but Empress Dowager Cixi hates Cantonese most, because her confidants Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei and Sun Yat-sen are all Cantonese. As soon as she saw that Zhu Ru was really from Guangdong, she must drag him down. When the merchants signed up, they filled in "Guangdong Garrison Zhengbaiqi Han Army", thus avoiding the conspiracy of Lafayette. In addition, there are rumors among the people that Shang did the best paper, but Galeries Lafayette thought the name was a good omen, so he was named the number one scholar and Shang was demoted to exploring flowers. These are legends, and there is no basis. The process of China's flower exploration is described in detail by Mr. Shang in the Imperial Examination Record of Qing Dynasty.
Digital chronology
Born in 1875, Shang studied hard since childhood. From 65438 to 0894, he studied in Xihua Hall of Guangxiao Temple in Guangzhou for many years, and then entered Haitang, Jupo Jingshe and Yingyuan Academy. 1904, Chen Jia's third flower exploration, was awarded editor by the Hanlin Academy and entered the Jinshi Pavilion. I have been a lecturer and writer, an assistant to the National Museum of History, a general school official of the Archives Museum, and a helper.
1906 to 1909, the major of law and politics in Tokyo Hosei University is recommended. 19 12 was hired as a Chinese professor by the Overseas Business School in Hamburg, Germany, and taught in Germany for four years.
19 16 Return to China after the expiration of the employment contract. After returning to China, he successively served as an adviser to the Deputy Presidential Palace in Beijing, an internal reference to the Military Supervision Office of Jiangsu Province, an adviser to the Grand Presidential Palace, and a financial commissioner of Jiangxi Province.
1927 secretary of the Ministry of finance of the national government.
After 1927, he resigned angrily because of current political corruption. From then on, I made a living by selling words and based on reading. After the Anti-Japanese War, he moved to Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places.
1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he moved from Nanjing to Sichuan, first living in Chengdu, and then moved to Meishan, Leshan, Jiajiang and other places to make a living by selling words.
1946 returned to Nanjing after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
1949 scattered in Guangzhou, Macao and Hong Kong.
Since the founding of New China, he has served as a member of Jiangsu CPPCC, a member of Guangdong CPPCC Standing Committee and a deputy director of Guangdong Literature and History Research Institute.
1956165438+10. In October, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed the film "Exploring Flowers in His Old Age" for him, taking his words, daily life and some calligraphy and painting into the lens.
1960 was appointed as the deputy curator of central research institute of culture and history by Premier Zhou Enlai in July. In his later years, his son Shang Chengzuo took him back to Guangzhou to settle down.
1963 died in Guangzhou on August 28th at the age of 88.
life experience
Shang was born in the 13th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1875) and died in 1963. He is 89 years old. China soldier stationed in Zhengbaiqi, Guangzhou in Qing Dynasty, renamed Panyu, Guangdong after the Republic of China. I have experienced three times in my life, the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and People's Republic of China (PRC). He was a diligent blasphemer since he was a child, with outstanding literary talent and good reputation. He took part in various imperial examinations 15 times, and finally went to Beijing to take the Tingkao at the age of 30 in Guangxu's 30 th year, ranking third in No.1 Middle School. This imperial examination is the last imperial examination in China feudal society.
He used to be an editor, writer, assistant editor of the National Museum of History and curator of the Beijing Archives Museum. In order to reform the disadvantages accumulated by the Qing court, I went to Japan with members of the Hanlin Academy to study and inspect the Meiji Restoration. After returning to China, I put forward reform suggestions to the Qing court, but they were not adopted. Although Shang was influenced by feudal traditional education for a long time, he was able to keep pace with the times, conform to the historical trend, be more enlightened in political thought, and realize that the feudal system was bound to perish and the democratic revolution was unstoppable. To our credit, Sun Yat-sen overthrew the Manchu Dynasty and established a political system, but he did not advocate the restoration of the feudal system. In the early years of the Republic of China, Shang, his brother Shang and their families took refuge in Qingdao. Otto Franke (1863-1946), a professor at Hamburg Colonial Institute, Germany, was admitted to Deutsch-ChinesischeHochschule, and GeorgKeiper Cherbel, president of Dehua College, invited Otto Frenge to be the research assistant of the East Asian Department of Hamburg Colonial Institute. Shang went with his eldest son Shang and gave him the opportunity to study abroad. Later, due to the outbreak of World War I, he returned to China on 19 16. After returning to China, he served as a special financial reporter in Jiangxi Province and a secretary in the Military Supervision Department of Jiangsu Province. During his term of office, he suggested to the Ministry of Finance to amend inappropriate clauses. The Ministry of Finance agreed and submitted the amendment. This matter was known by the businessmen, and the trustee said that if the terms could be changed according to their interests, a reward of 50 thousand yuan would be given. Businessmen were unmoved by the heavy money and flatly refused. It was a beautiful talk. He often educates his children and grandchildren and never accepts ill-gotten gains, otherwise it will affect his character and morality, which is shameful and hateful. Businessmen are not only knowledgeable, but also noble in character, and they are models for the world.
Love the motherland, have a strong sense of national pride and hate imperialist aggression. When the Japanese invaders invaded the three northeastern provinces of China, he wrote in a poem "Feeling Angry": He was shocked to see that the anvil was a knife, and he forbeared to withdraw and force Ji Yan. Don't rely on a new strategy to correct the situation, it is difficult to fill in the long snake print. The poem profoundly exposes and severely criticizes the "September 18th Incident", the aggressive nature of Japanese imperialism and the inevitable consequences of the Kuomintang reactionaries' policy of traitorous surrender.
Merchants lived in New China for 14 years, and China was liberated in 1949, which made the troubled motherland embark on the bright road, and people from all walks of life in China all rejoiced. At this time, over 70 years old, he is still infinitely happy, full of youthful vitality and determined to make contributions to the motherland and the people. The party's concern for intellectuals has made Shang feel warm, and not only has his life been fundamentally improved, but the party and the government have also arranged for him to be a member of the Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference, director of the Nanjing Museum of Literature and History, deputy director of the Central Museum of Literature and History, member of the Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and deputy director of the Guangdong Museum of Literature and History.
Far from politics, Jean Ada was employed by the Hamburg Colonial School in 19 12. Founded in April 1908, the Hamburg Colonial Institute was a research assistant of the East Asian Studies Department, the predecessor of Hamburg University, and went to Germany to teach Chinese for four years. In Germany, he also helped to establish the China Language and Culture Department of the Hamburg Colonial Institute. The colonial college attached great importance to this work and specially allocated 20 thousand marks. Businessmen compiled "Purchasing Chinese Bibliography" and ordered a batch of valuable China books from China, which became a milestone in the foundation of Chinese Department of Hamburg University. With more than 80,000 books, the Library of Chinese Department of Hamburg University has now become the largest and most famous library in Germany. Shang, the last flower explorer, made a "pioneering" contribution to Sino-German cultural and educational exchanges.
main work
Records of Imperial Examinations in Qing Dynasty, published by Sanlian Bookstore 1958. A book is an important academic work. This is a book outlining the imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty. There is a special chapter, which describes the origin of the eight-part essay in detail. In the same chapter, the author also summarizes the trial poems supplemented by the eight-part essay. Others, such as Fa Fu, Jing Yi, Lun Ce, Xie Shu, Jing Xie and Gong Kao Ce. It is also included in an appendix with an explanation at the end so that readers can see its style. The book lists the subjects of having obtained the provincial examinations in the Qing Dynasty, such as the first choice of palace examination, the examiner's field officer, the imperial examination system, etc., for easy reference. Introduction to Imperial Examination in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, published by 196 1 Zhonghua Book Company. The book clarified several vague problems in the past and attracted the attention of academic circles. Shang's Poems, Books and Paintings was published at his own expense in Hong Kong on 1962.
In 2008, the Collection of Shangshishu Calligraphy and Painting (Supplemented by Wu Zinian) was published by Cultural Relics Publishing House.
"It is still urgent to sketch", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in 2007.
Personality assessment
Still honest, determined, cheerful and optimistic. Still tirelessly writing books, leaving their valuable experience to future generations. Shang's life has gone through three different periods, from exploring flowers in the Qing Dynasty and professors in the Republic of China to deputy director of the Central Museum of Literature and History and member of the Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference after liberation. Especially in his later years, he was enthusiastic about socialist construction, with outstanding achievements and high respect. He is the most talented person in Panyu who spans the times.
Zhang Zhenlin (Professor of Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University, one of Professor Shang Chengzuo's "Four Disciples"): Old learning and new learning are perfectly integrated in Shang Ada. Businessmen are one of the most influential cultural families in Guangdong. Mr. Shang is the last flower explorer in China, which is of historical significance. What is rare is that the presbyopia detector is still alive after liberation, which is very precious. In addition, Mr. Shang is open-minded and pays attention to keeping pace with the times. I remember that before, the photo hung in Professor Shang Chengzuo's living room was the scene in which Professor Shang and Professor Shang Chengzuo communicated with each other in the study. Old learning and new learning are perfectly integrated in Mr. Shang, who was born in the imperial examination.
patriot
Shang is a famous patriot and scholar. When the Japanese invaders invaded the three northeastern provinces, he wrote in the poem "Feeling Angry": "Seeing the anvil was a knife shock, forbearing to withdraw and force Ji Yan." There is also a saying that "the seal of a long snake is hard to fill", denouncing the greedy nature of imperialism and the traitor policy of reactionaries. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he angrily condemned the Japanese royal family's wanton bombing of peaceful cities. Every time I hear good news, I will sing a poem to celebrate. He hated the tyranny of the Kuomintang, and once used a long poem "It costs more than one million to thresh rice" to expose it. After liberation, the care and arrangement of the party and the government for the elderly intellectuals made him feel warm and wrote poems many times. After three years of hard work, he wrote a 230,000-word Record of Imperial Examinations in Qing Dynasty, which was published by Sanlian Bookstore 1958. The book is informative, rich in content and clear in organization, which fills a gap in Chinese academic circles and has certain literature value. Subsequently, he wrote a companion piece of the book, A Brief History of Imperial Examinations in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was published by Zhonghua Book Company 196 1. The book clarified several vague problems in the past and attracted the attention of academic circles. From more than 30 years, 400 poems, 26 paintings and calligraphy were selected, and an article "Talking about Painting Bamboo" was presented by Xu, which became a collection of poems and was photocopied and published in 1962. He wrote all the words in the book himself.
Calligraphy attainments
Still very accomplished in calligraphy. His works are widely circulated and have a certain influence in calligraphy. Regular script is a beginner of ChuYan, with profound skill. After middle age, I turned to cursive script, starting from Cao Zhang. After a period of copying and hard study of various famous models, the cursive script style changed freely, and gradually formed its own style after 60 years old. Critics say that his calligraphy has both Yan's composure and dignity and Chu's and Henan's beauty. Running script is particularly charming and natural, combining rigidity with softness, full of interest and high artistic level. He also likes painting bamboo, and carefully ponders and studies its painting theory. His Sketch of Bamboo is nearly 20,000 words, which is his research experience and can be used for reference by beginners. His bamboo paintings are few, but his style is extraordinary, tall and straight, giving people a fresh feeling; He painted many poems about bamboo, and every time he was inspired by his noble character of not being green when it was cold and being able to withstand wind and rain.