With China's entry into WTO and the impact of last year's financial turmoil, automobile manufacturing enterprises will face a more severe competitive environment. All along, the world automobile manufacturing industry has attached great importance to its logistics management, doing everything possible to reduce costs and broaden profit margins. In Europe and America, joining the automobile supply chain with third-party logistics suppliers has become the mainstream, and more than 80% of automobile manufacturing enterprises have outsourced automobile logistics. With the saturation of European and American automobile markets, the strategic focus of international automobile manufacturers has gradually shifted to China market.
Automobile logistics is the most complex logistics system, which is mainly a supply and sales logistics system. Automobile supply logistics is mainly the key link of automobile production preparation; Automobile sales logistics is the distribution of commercial vehicles, that is, vehicle distribution, which are important components of automobile logistics.
(A) vigorously develop spare parts logistics, reduce the cost of vehicle logistics.
In the field of automobile logistics in China, only a few logistics companies can engage in parts logistics services. Third-party logistics service providers engaged in spare parts logistics operation need to have the overall planning ability of supply chain, efficient logistics network, high-quality logistics talents and many other factors. The concept of third-party logistics comes from management outsourcing. Outsourcing refers to the dynamic allocation of functions and services of enterprises themselves and other enterprises, and the use of external resources to serve the internal production and operation of enterprises. The so-called third-party logistics refers to a logistics management mode in which production and operation enterprises entrust their logistics activities to professional logistics service enterprises through contracts in order to concentrate their main business, and at the same time keep close contact with logistics service enterprises through information systems to realize the management and control of the whole logistics process. So it is also called contract logistics.
(B) improve the service level of automobile reverse logistics
Automobile reverse logistics is based on satisfying customers and protecting the environment, and carries out the logistics activities of automobile products from downstream to upstream according to actual needs, including recycling and waste logistics. Among them, return logistics refers to the maintenance and return of unqualified products and the logistics activities of returning reusable packaging materials from buyers to suppliers, such as automobile recall. Waste logistics refers to the logistics activities, such as the disposal of scrapped cars, that recycle, detect and treat the original waste items that have lost the value of economic activities and send them to special processing centers.
With the escalation of market competition, the personalized demand of consumers, the innovation of resource utilization and the improvement of environmental awareness, it is not enough to pay attention to the forward logistics of automobiles, but the reverse logistics of automobiles must be given due attention. The implementation of automobile reverse logistics is not only conducive to improving the logistics service level of enterprises, improving the operational efficiency of enterprises and reducing the production cost of enterprises. At the same time, the third-party logistics enterprises can help automobile manufacturers find the shortcomings and defects in production, management and service from the source of reverse logistics, thus improving the product design and internal management level of enterprises. Secondly, automobile reverse logistics can effectively reduce the impact of automobile industry on the environment and improve resource utilization. The implementation of automobile reverse logistics can start from the following points:
1. Enhance the awareness of automobile reverse logistics
The current automobile market has been in a downturn after the financial crisis. It is useless to attract customers' attention by lowering the price. How to improve the service level is the key, and it is more important to enhance the awareness of automobile reverse logistics. The uncertainty and complexity of reverse logistics make the managers of automobile production enterprises lack attention and patience when implementing reverse logistics, although the "4S shop" now appears as a way of automobile service, including vehicle sales, spare parts, after-sales service and information investigation. ) has become a trend, but the "service" function in "4S" has not been done well. Enterprises do not take customers' problems seriously, but only want to get high income from "services" such as parts maintenance and replacement. We should provide a perfect reverse logistics scheme for automobile manufacturers, strengthen the service consciousness of reverse logistics from within automobile enterprises and improve the service process of reverse logistics, so that customers can not only feel the value of products from manufacturers, but also experience the sublimation of value from services. The automobile market still has great development potential in China, and the relationship between manufacturers and customers has not disappeared after money and commodity transactions. How to make good use of service to maintain and strengthen the relationship with customers is an important weapon for manufacturers to explore the market. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of automobile reverse logistics and guide automobile manufacturers and "4S" stores to carry out reverse logistics consciously and with an attitude.
2. Establish an effective reverse logistics information system.
The establishment of logistics information system can ensure the pertinence of logistics service activities. Under the guidance of information, transportation, warehousing and distribution can complete logistics services at a better operational level. Due to the uncertainty and complexity of automobile reverse logistics, in the process of implementing automobile reverse logistics, there is information asymmetry between manufacturers and customers, so manufacturers can't effectively deal with reverse logistics, and manufacturers can't use the feedback of customer information to improve service level. Therefore, logistics must increase investment to establish a reverse logistics information system, and grasp the needs of customers from the source of information. In the establishment of reverse logistics information system, large public data warehouses can be established in automobile enterprises, access nodes can be established in warehouses and dismantling centers, access rights can be set for warehouses and dismantling centers, data can be shared with relevant departments of customer enterprises, and online query processing can be realized, mainly online query of product information, including product production date, effective life cycle, instructions for use and other information, which is convenient for all recycling points to handle returns; At the same time, downstream enterprises and customers in the automobile supply chain also need to know the information of automobile manufacturers and make more rational behaviors according to the information released by the manufacturers.
3. Establish automobile reverse logistics network
Third-party automobile logistics enterprises have their own logistics facilities, but the current automobile reverse logistics service is still in a state of scattered, scattered, closed and disorderly competition. At the same time, although you can use the network arranged in the automobile forward logistics, the characteristics of reverse logistics make it impossible to give full play to the role of these network points in use. This requires enterprises to strengthen cooperation, improve automobile reverse logistics channels, integrate storage facilities and transportation equipment, establish an information resource sharing platform, make full use of the advantages of network resources and reduce the cost of reverse logistics. For example, Toyota's general reverse logistics system used in Europe not only helps Toyota reduce costs, but also makes full use of the efficiency of its reverse logistics system. In the establishment of automobile reverse logistics network, both sides should not only increase investment in infrastructure, information system and network layout, but also have a reasonable and efficient connection mechanism, strengthen cooperation in enterprise concept, service standards and channels, and reduce the cost of cooperation.
(C) the use of shipping to reduce transportation costs.
Optimize resource allocation to maximize the stability of backhaul services. From supporting supply chain planning to shortening the delivery cycle of the whole network, and even reducing the cost and the development of intelligent network design and partnership, we will integrate national transportation resources and accelerate the formation of a national logistics network. Promote automated multi-storey warehouses throughout the country and use GPS to improve transportation efficiency. Take various forms of cooperation, integrate road, railway and waterway automobile logistics networks, and combine international shipping networks with domestic water networks to maximize the effectiveness of the entire logistics network.
(D) Strengthen information construction and establish an e-commerce logistics management system.
The core of informatization construction of third-party automobile logistics enterprises is the construction of logistics information platform. The logistics information platform supports each sub-information system and provides a comprehensive logistics network management solution; At the same time, the standardization and normalization of logistics information technology is the software foundation for the effective operation of logistics management information system, and the standardization of logistics information technology should be strengthened.
1. Share resources with customers and conduct efficient transactions. All information systems are designed around shortening delivery time and improving transaction efficiency. Logistics enterprises display commodity information to customers online, and customers use the obtained information to decide to buy and sell and fill in electronic orders; The enterprise confirms the transaction through the order, and the two parties agree on the time limit and method of capital transfer, and at the same time start the enterprise application system to organize the supply plan; Once the financial department notifies both parties by email (or other means) that the fund transfer is successful, the enterprise will start to implement logistics services and management. The whole process of information tracking, through the network screen, can not only track the transportation of goods, but also according to the needs of customers, such as invoices, customs clearance information and so on.
2. Grasp all kinds of feedback information in time to improve competitiveness. Logistics enterprises have established an information feedback system. By understanding the feedback information, enterprises can grasp the needs and wishes of customers in time and continuously improve the service level of logistics enterprises.
3. Information technology explores process defects and implements integration. With the popularization and application of logistics informatization, logistics should realize that modern logistics is not only a service, but also a new management mode, and logistics informatization is just to realize management innovation. Under this concept, enterprises constantly adjust and optimize their process management according to the operation status of electronic management of transportation network, sales network and logistics center.
4. Move closer to e-commerce. The implementation of informatization combined with advanced management concepts, process optimization and customer service has activated the standardization of supply chain management and narrowed the contrast between logistics and information flow, business flow and capital flow in e-commerce.
(5) Establish strategic alliances and carry out resource sharing and cooperation.
At present, the development of third-party automobile logistics enterprises is still tortuous. On the one hand, automobile manufacturers need to change their ideas, break the existing self-production and self-marketing operation mode, and realize that third-party automobile logistics enterprises can provide value-added logistics services for them; On the other hand, third-party logistics companies should change from passive to active, actively develop third-party logistics, provide better automobile logistics services, and form strategic alliances with logistics enterprises to jointly develop automobile logistics.
(6) Establish partnership with automobile manufacturers.
As an automobile logistics enterprise, if there is no specialized logistics service ability, it will be difficult to establish the reputation and brand of automobile logistics service, and thus it will be difficult to obtain the automobile logistics service business outsourced by customers. Logistics companies must have professional abilities in automobile packaging, transportation, goods control and distribution, be able to serve specific automobile and parts customers, and provide integrated services for their supply chains. Establish close strategic partnership with automobile manufacturers.
(seven) actively cooperate with major automobile logistics enterprises.
Logistics companies should actively cooperate closely with major automobile logistics enterprises, truly share and coordinate resources, and improve the standardization and specialization level of automobile logistics. The strategic alliance among automobile logistics enterprises includes competitive and cooperative strategic alliance and resource complementary strategic alliance, which is the only way for the development of automobile logistics industry in China. As far as the development stage of China's automobile logistics is concerned, automobile logistics enterprises are still in the initial stage. Compared with the international industry, there is a big gap in capital, strength and scale. Only by cooperation can we make use of the existing resources, realize the promotion of the whole industry at the fastest speed and improve the competitiveness of China's automobile logistics enterprises. Realizing the sharing of automobile logistics resources and cooperating with domestic and foreign third-party logistics enterprises can better allocate resources, make full use of transportation capacity and network resources, and reduce the total logistics cost, which has an inestimable role in the development of automobile logistics.