First, the origin of Gothic architectural style
Gothic architecture, also known as Gothic architecture, is an architectural style that prevailed at the peak and end of the Middle Ages. Gothic architecture originated in France in the second half of 12 century, and was popular in Europe from 13 to 15 century. It developed from Romanesque architecture and was inherited by Renaissance architecture. The first Gothic church was the saint-denis Church built in 1 143. Its four-corner coupon skillfully solves the problem of rib dome structure between arches, and has a large area of stained glass windows, which will be imitated by many churches in the future. Gothic architecture was mainly used in churches and prevailed in Europe in the peak and late Middle Ages until the 16th century. Gothic architecture is generally called "French style" in contemporary times. Gothic architecture occupies an important position in the history of architecture with its superb technical and artistic achievements.
Second, the characteristics of Gothic architectural style
1, Gothic architectural style features: doors and windows protrude upwards, slender spires soar into the sky, and large windows and stained glass windows are painted with Bible stories, which is the most intuitive impression of Gothic architecture. The specific techniques described are: pointed arches, towering spires, ribbed vaults, flying arches, slender beams and columns, large windows and stained glass windows. It creates a light and slender sense of flying, and its excellent architectural skills show a strong sense of mystery, sadness and loftiness.
Sharp rib vault: the cylindrical vault of Roman architecture is generally changed to sharp rib vault, which is the biggest feature of Gothic architecture. The thrust acts on the four arch bottom stones, so that the height and span of the vault are no longer limited, and it can be built big and high with "upward" visual cues.
Flying buttress: an auxiliary facility used to share the pressure of the main wall. Gothic architecture exposed the original solid buttresses covered by the roof. Due to the further requirements for the height of the church, the function and appearance of the buttress have been greatly improved. There are often complex decorative carvings on the flying buttresses, which are light and beautiful and towering into the sky.
Cross plane: It also inherited the Romanesque architecture, but the area of the altar was expanded internally. On the left of the above picture is the Cologne Cathedral in Germany, which is designed as a unique pentagonal building on the basis of the cross plane. It is considered to be a perfect combination of all medieval Gothic architecture and decorative elements.
Colored window glass: Gothic architecture gradually abolished balconies and corridors, and increased the area of side corridor windows until the whole church adopted a large area of window layout. These windows are tall and big, and almost assume the function of walls. The construction technology of window lattice is very delicate and complicated: the slender window is called "willow window" and the round window is called "rose window". Colored glass windows create a mysterious and brilliant scene inside the church, and also change the sense of depression caused by insufficient light in Romanesque buildings.
Bundle column: The column of Gothic architecture is no longer a simple circle, but a combination of multiple columns, emphasizing vertical lines and setting off towering space. The interior space of Gothic church is spacious, concise and unified. Ornamental details such as canopies and niches are also themed with sharp coupons, and the architectural style and structural techniques form an organic whole. The whole building looks simple in lines and magnificent in appearance, while the interior is very open and bright.
In the long and dark late Middle Ages, people couldn't wait to get rid of the control of the Pope. Gothic architecture, as a symbol of theocracy, was gradually abandoned and replaced by grand and simple Renaissance architecture and free and luxurious Baroque architecture, which imitated the ancient Roman style. However, with its superb technical and artistic achievements, Gothic Cathedral occupies an important position in the history of architecture. /kloc-The Gothic Renaissance appeared in the 20th century, which influenced a large number of churches and university buildings.