1, discuss whether the scope is from small to large or from large to small.
When discussing the central argument in layers, the scope of discussion between layers can be from small to large, or from large to small, thus forming a progressive relationship. For example, the central argument "be a responsible person" can be demonstrated and reasoned from three aspects: "be a responsible person for the family", "be a responsible person for the collective" and "be a responsible person for the country". The scope of "family", "collective" and "country" is progressive from small to large. For another example, when discussing improving people's quality, we can discuss it from the aspects of improving national quality, such as improving group quality, improving group quality, especially improving individual quality. The scope of discussion is from big to small, and it is promoted at different levels. Around the center, the scope of argument is from small to large or from large to small, which conforms to the cognitive law from individual to general or from general to individual.
2. The connotation of addition and subtraction.
Adding and subtracting the connotation discussed refers to subtracting part of the connotation of the central argument first, and then increasing the subtracted connotation layer by layer, so that the extension of the object under discussion is from large to small, the connotation is constantly enriched, and the relationship between layers is progressive. For example, when demonstrating the central argument that "the lofty ideal of productism should be established", we can first subtract the connotation of "the lofty thought of * * *" and discuss that "one should establish an ideal" at one level. Only when a person sets up an ideal can he have motivation and pursuit. But there are all kinds of ideals. Some people pursue material wealth, some people seek a good job, and some people try to change the face of backward frontiers. These ideals, to some extent, are legitimate, but there are differences. Then it discusses that "one should set up lofty ideals". Because people can't just live for material things, but have spiritual pursuits. Only with noble spirit can people live meaningfully. Among many lofty ideals, "First, we must establish the lofty ideal of * * * productism", which is determined by the nature of our party and the supreme spiritual pursuit. The connotations of "ideal", "lofty ideal" and "lofty socialist ideal" are constantly enriched, and the level and significance are promoted layer by layer.
3. The connotation of corresponding transformation.
The connotation of corresponding transformation refers to the transformation of individual words in each argument when discussing at different levels, so that the meaning of the transformed words gradually deepens and a progressive relationship is formed between layers. For example, when demonstrating the central argument that progress and development can only be achieved through constant reflection and summarization, we can start from the following aspects: constant reflection and self-knowledge are the premise of progress; constant reflection and self-criticism are the way to progress; constant reflection and courage to correct mistakes are the key to progress; and constant reflection and eternal pursuit of truth are the key to progress. The sentence patterns of these four sub-arguments are basically the same, and the four transformed phrases "self-knowledge, self-criticism, courage to correct mistakes and always pursue truth" have deeper meanings; The semantics of "premise", "mode", "key" and "source" are also progressive step by step.
4. Three steps
The three-step formula refers to what, why and how. After putting forward the central argument, first explain the related concepts in the argument from the perspective of "what" to lay a good foundation for analysis and reasoning. "Why" refers to explaining the various meanings of analytical arguments. "How" means how to do it. For example, after putting forward the central argument of "promoting professionalism", you can explain "what is professionalism" first. Dedication means giving for free and making more contributions. After defining the concept of dedication, this paper analyzes the significance of advocating dedication from the perspective of "why". Advocating dedication is the meaning of life, the need of the progress of the times and the need of social development ... Finally, we can talk about how to do it from the perspective of "how". How to advocate the spirit of dedication? For now, we should do our work well for free and serve others as much as possible. The process of "what", "why" and "how" is also the process of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, which are interrelated step by step. However, when analyzing reasoning, the "why" and "how" parts should be based on different discussion centers, and the reasoning should be focused, and the strength should not be used evenly.
5, pendulum phenomenon, analyze the reasons, expounds the harm, dig the root cause, bright (or reiterate) point of view, call.
If the central argument sentence is a positive judgment sentence, it is mostly analyzed and reasoned from its meaning; If the argument is a negative judgment sentence, we can analyze the problem from the perspectives of putting forward the phenomenon, analyzing the reasons, discussing the harm and digging up the root causes. For example, when analyzing and reasoning around the central argument that "economic development cannot be at the expense of resources", we can first put forward some phenomena that economic development is at the expense of resources, such as blind logging and blind development of mineral resources; Then it analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon, including: in order to obtain immediate economic benefits, in order to complete economic indicators, there is no scientific plan, no legal guarantee and so on; Then analyze its harm, if left unchecked, it will cause waste and exhaustion of resources and deterioration of the environment. On this basis, the root causes are, in the final analysis, the lack of Scientific Outlook on Development and the lack of long-term development concept; Finally, reiterate your point of view and issue a call. Expose the phenomenon, analyze the reasons, discuss the harm, dig up the root causes, highlight (or reiterate) the point of view, issue a call, and deepen step by step from the outside to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence.