First, establish early warning management of accounts receivable to control accounts receivable in advance. Excessive accumulation of accounts receivable will affect the financial situation and normal operation of enterprises. Simple after-the-fact collection control can not solve the problem, nor can it eliminate the negative impact of accounts receivable on all aspects of enterprises. At the same time, the collection and management itself also brings new troubles to enterprises, such as increased costs, market loss, internal imbalance and so on. To encourage enterprises to innovate their thinking, establish early warning management, and pay attention to prior control. 1. Formulate a reasonable credit policy. At present, construction enterprises are in a weak position in the construction industry. In order to effectively protect the interests of construction enterprises, it is necessary to formulate feasible credit policies. (1) Establish credit standards and undertake projects cautiously. Enterprises shall obtain the credit information of customers according to the original records and financial reports kept by credit evaluation agencies, stock exchanges, banks, finance and taxation departments, consumer associations, industrial and commercial administrative departments, etc. On this basis, according to the analysis of customer credit information, the quantitative criteria for evaluating credit quality are determined, and a group of representative ratios that can explain payment ability and financial status are taken as credit risk indicators. According to the situation of the worst year in several years, find out the average of the above ratios of customers with good credit and poor credit respectively, and compare other customers with this as the credit standard. Then, the ability to reject the risk coefficient is measured by the data of financial statements published by customers, and then the credit rating of customers is divided in detail according to the needs of enterprises to bear the risk of default and the market competition. (2) Assessing a customer's credit status When setting a customer's credit standard, an enterprise often first evaluates the possibility of default. The most common evaluation method is the "5C" system, which represents the judgment factors of credit risk. Personality: it is the primary factor to evaluate the customer's credit and repayment attitude, mainly through understanding the customer's previous payment performance records. Ability: refers to the ability of a customer to repay debts, which mainly depends on the customer's assets, especially the quantity and quality of current assets and their ratio to current liabilities. Capital: refers to the financial strength and status of customers, indicating the background of customers' possible debt repayment and the ultimate guarantee for customers' debt repayment. Collateral: refers to the assets provided by customers as a guarantee for credit security. When the enterprise does not know the details of the customer, the more sufficient the guarantee provided by the customer, the greater the credit security guarantee. Conditions: refers to various economic environments that may affect customers' debt paying ability, which reflects customers' debt paying ability. Of course, there will be the following problems in giving customers a credit rating: 1. Obtaining data is not as easy as we thought; 2. The authenticity of data is sometimes difficult to control; 3. How to allocate the index weight? For small-scale enterprises with less liabilities, the 5C evaluation method is usually adopted, while for large-scale enterprises with more liabilities, the characteristic analysis method is adopted. The model divides the enterprise credit characteristics into three groups of indicators, *** 18. The first group is the customer's own characteristics, reflecting the objective phenomenon of customer superficiality, including six indicators: surface impression, organization and management, products and markets, market competitiveness, operating conditions and development prospects. The second group is the characteristics of customer priority, which refers to the factors that enterprises need to give priority to when selecting customers, reflecting the value of transactions with the customers, including six indicators: transaction profit rate, product requirements, impact on market attractiveness, impact on market competitiveness, guarantee conditions and substitutability. The third group is credit and financial characteristics, which mainly refers to the factors that can directly reflect the credit status and financial status of customers, including payment records, bank credit, profitability, balance sheet evaluation, solvency and total capital. Among these three groups of indicators, financial information is the most difficult to obtain, especially for small-scale enterprises whose finances are not perfect. (3) Establish customer files. On the basis of determining the customer's credit rating and evaluating the customer's credit, establish a credit file for each customer and record its relevant information in detail. Enterprises should usually decide the relevant contents of documents in advance so that the data collection of credit controllers is complete rather than random. The main contents of customer files generally include: customer's business-related transactions and customer's payment records; Basic information of the customer, such as all bank accounts of the customer, all real estate information and mortgage status of the customer, all movable property information of the customer, other investments and reinvestments of the customer; The customer's credit standing, such as the main financial indicators reflecting the customer's solvency, profitability and operating ability, the customer's immediate and deferred payment, the customer's actual operation and development trend information, etc. 3. Carefully undertake the project, to prevent the formation of arrears. Construction enterprises should thoroughly investigate the credit status of the construction unit, grasp its credibility and the availability of funds, and strive to avoid projects with low credibility, projects with unfunded funds, and projects with huge advance payment, so as to prevent arrears from being formed as soon as the projects are in place. This is easy to say, especially in the case of insufficient tasks in the construction market. The actual situation is that many construction enterprises dare to make demands and bargain with Party A in order to undertake the project. Construction enterprises are in an increasingly passive position in this unbalanced market. However, in order to reverse this unfavorable situation, we should not blindly and unconditionally sacrifice the interests of enterprises and let some legally operated enterprises become victims of unfair competition. The state should carry out macro-control through legislation, establish a fair and competitive construction market, and let those construction enterprises with strong strength, advanced technology and legal operation come forward, confidently negotiate with Party A to produce excellent construction products and get due remuneration. In this fair market, as a construction enterprise, it should shift its manpower, financial resources and energy from "public relations" to enhancing its strength, improving its construction technology and management, allowing its strength to speak for itself and enhancing its competitiveness. Second, strengthen the daily management of accounts receivable 1. Reasonable division of labor, clear responsibilities. Only by establishing an internal management mechanism of accounts receivable with clear division of labor and mutual coordination can enterprises effectively reduce the unnecessary occupation of accounts receivable and avoid the occurrence of bad debt losses, and at the same time, they can effectively prevent fraud and mistakes in business processing, avoid or timely discover the behavior of criminals intercepting and misappropriating enterprise project funds, and reduce the risk of accounts receivable. Enterprise accounts receivable involve many departments, such as project management department, engineering department, marketing department, finance department, audit and supervision department, etc. Enterprises must bear the responsibilities related to accounts receivable. 2. Authorization and control of undertaking pioneering projects Although pioneering projects can expand the market share of enterprises, they also increase potential risks. Therefore, for funded projects, the financial department should investigate the credit of customers and control the funded projects within a reasonable range under the authorization of leaders or relevant departments. 3. Establish a bad debt provision system for accounts receivable, and timely handle the accounts of prepaid items. No matter how strict the credit policy is adopted by enterprises, as long as there is commercial credit behavior, the occurrence of bad debt losses is inevitable. Therefore, enterprises should follow the principle of prudence, estimate the possibility of bad debt losses in advance, and establish a system to make up for bad debt reserves, that is, withdraw bad debt reserves. 4. Implement the responsibility system. According to the time value and compensation ability of funds, the assessment of the project management department should be carried out by who handles, who is responsible, who belongs to the pool and who benefits, and the recovery, responsibility and time limit should be implemented to people, supplemented by assessment, rewards and punishments and other means to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the project management department for collecting money. 5. Strengthen the management of accounts receivable (1) and implement comprehensive supervision. Through the analysis of reconciliation age, average payment cycle and cash payment rate, we can judge whether the customer has the problem of defaulting on accounts, so as to estimate the potential risk loss and correctly estimate the price of accounts receivable, so as to find the problem in time and take countermeasures in advance. (2) Determine a reasonable collection procedure. It is to make customers willing to repay and exert appropriate pressure. That is, recover the account in a legal, rational and legal way. For customers who are overdue for a short time, it is not convenient to bother too much, just call or notify by letter; For customers who can't fulfill the contract on time, they can write a letter for diplomatic collection; Always collect customers who have settled projects and are overdue for a long time; For customers who deliberately refuse to return goods or the above methods are ineffective, they should submit them to relevant departments for arbitration or resort to law. Three. Enterprises that establish credit reporting system should hold credit reporting meetings at different levels regularly, so as to communicate with each other, keep abreast of the situation and minimize credit risks. The credit report meeting can be divided into internal meetings of the credit control department, and its central topics can be: the operation of the credit control department, past work performance and future work planning, usually once every two weeks; The central topics of the joint meeting of credit control units and business departments can be: credit risk analysis and evaluation of major customers and current dangerous customers, analysis of overdue accounts and sales accounts exceeding credit limit, future market outlook and financial information of new customers, etc. , usually once every two months; The central topic of the meeting of the top financial officer or management authority can be: reporting the current operation of credit control, as well as the difficulties encountered and credit risk prediction, the implementation of corporate credit policies and improvement measures. The time is usually once a month. Four, the implementation of financial intermediation, accelerate the realization of accounts receivable. In order to withdraw funds as soon as possible, enterprises borrow or sell unexpired accounts receivable from banks or other financing companies. 1. Debit of accounts receivable. That is, the owner of accounts receivable takes accounts receivable as collateral and obtains a certain amount of loans within a specified period of time. Specifically, it is divided into: (1) general lending: that is, mortgage loans without specific conditions. When the old account is settled, the new account will continue to be used as a debit and credit. (2) Specific creditor's rights: that is, one or more accounts receivable are designated as collateral, and the mortgage relationship will be automatically eliminated with the recovery of these accounts. The way of borrowing accounts receivable, financial institutions have the creditor's rights and recourse of accounts receivable, so this way is generally recognized by financial institutions. 2. Sale of accounts receivable. In other words, the enterprise will transfer the accounts receivable to a financial company that specializes in acquiring accounts receivable, thus obtaining funds. The specific operation is: the enterprise applies for a loan from the finance company before the delivery, and the finance company collects a handling fee according to a certain proportion of the net accounts receivable according to the credit rating of the customer, and deducts it from the money prepaid to the seller. Accounts receivable from customers are paid directly to the financing company and bear the risk of bad debts. The method of selling accounts receivable, because the financing company wants to conduct credit investigation on customers, virtually provides professional consultation for enterprises. Moreover, the information of financing companies is flexible and professional, which is conducive to the recovery of bad debts. In addition, enterprises do not need to bear the responsibility of "contingent liabilities". Therefore, this method is a better financing method for enterprises. 5. Restructure debts and revitalize funds. Sometimes, customers will have cash flow or operational difficulties, resulting in financial difficulties. In this case, if the enterprise takes immediate measures to claim compensation from customers, it may cause greater difficulties for customers, so that customers will never get rid of debts, and enterprises will have bad debts, especially for customers with long-term cooperative relations. Therefore, when customers have temporary financial difficulties, both parties should seek ways of restructuring to pay off debts, such as exchanging accounts receivable for equity and replacing useful assets of enterprises with accounts receivable. In short, as long as enterprises take effective measures, the credit risk of accounts receivable can be prevented. Only through scientific prevention can construction enterprises not only expand the market, increase profits, but also minimize the risk of accounts receivable in the market competition, so that enterprises can continue to grow and develop.