Logistics refers to the physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt. According to the actual needs, the basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing are combined. According to the definition of logistics and the concept of system, logistics system integrates transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, distribution, processing and packaging and logistics information, and completes the flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt, which constitutes a functional system of logistics system. The assigned functions are as follows:
(A) enterprises adopt the distribution system
① Using the distribution system in the distribution field can reduce the logistics cost and improve the service level, thus expanding sales, expanding the market and improving the competitiveness of enterprises. (2) product distribution, how much distribution is needed, so as to achieve zero inventory of products and obtain the greatest savings and benefits. (3) Implementing the distribution system in the procurement field can realize that the supplier can deliver as much as the enterprise needs, and when necessary, the supplier can deliver as much as it needs. Therefore, enterprises do not need to set up raw material inventory, and circulation enterprises do not need to set up circulation inventory, so they can operate with zero inventory, greatly reducing operating costs. (4) Zero inventory management can save a lot of reserve funds, improve the financial situation of enterprises, enhance their economic strength and promote their development. ⑤ The implementation of distribution system in enterprises leads to corresponding revolutionary changes in production system, distribution system and procurement system, and promotes the improvement of enterprise management level.
(2) For the vast number of users, the logistics service level has been improved.
Distribution can be delivered to your door on time according to the quantity and variety. On the one hand, it relieves the labor pains of users in traveling, purchasing, transporting and purchasing goods, simplifies procedures, facilitates users, saves costs and improves efficiency; On the other hand, it ensures the supply of materials, ensures the normal production and circulation of enterprises, and meets the material needs and service enjoyment of people's production and life.
(3) Distribution improves the material utilization rate and inventory turnover rate.
Distribution adopts centralized inventory in distribution center, which can make use of limited warehouses, so that limited inventory can be used by more customers in a wider range, with greater demand and wider market, and the material utilization rate and inventory turnover rate will be greatly improved. It can also make the warehousing and distribution link establish and take advantage of economies of scale, and reduce the total cost of wine distribution and management per unit inventory.
(D) Distribution has improved the socialized logistics function system of trunk transportation centers.
By adopting the distribution operation mode, trunk and branch transportation and storage can be unified within a certain range, so that the trunk transportation process and functional system can be optimized and improved, and a complete logistics distribution system combining large-scale logistics and local distribution can be formed.
Our company is now using Nissin, which has a good team management function. Not only can different working groups be set up to facilitate management, but everyone can make a plan. Not only can I report my work every day, but I can also talk about all kinds of problems encountered in my work. Leaders can always grasp the work situation of everyone in the team and often leave us messages to encourage and help us solve problems.
Question 2: What is the purpose of warehousing operation? Modern "warehousing" is not "warehousing" or "warehousing management" in the traditional sense, but warehousing under the background of economic globalization and supply chain integration, and warehousing in the modern logistics system. It represents an activity or a process, and the corresponding word in English is "warehousing", which is to meet the needs of the upstream and downstream of the supply chain and use modern technology to carry out goods entry, exit, inventory and sorting in specific tangible or intangible places. As can be seen from this concept, warehousing has the following five basic connotations: 1. Warehousing is first of all a kind of logistics activity, or logistics activity is the essential attribute of warehousing. Warehousing is not production or trading, but one of the logistics activities that serve production and trading. This shows that warehousing is only one kind of logistics activities, and there are other logistics activities. Warehousing should be integrated into the whole logistics system and should be linked and coordinated with other logistics activities. This is very different from the past "warehouse management". 2. Warehousing activities, or the basic functions of warehousing, include six aspects: goods in and out, inventory, sorting, packaging, distribution and information processing. Among them, the management of goods in and out of the warehouse can be said to be the most basic activities of warehousing and the basic functions of traditional warehousing, but the management means and level have been improved; The sorting and packaging of goods used to exist, but now it is more common, deeper and more detailed, and even combined with the management of goods in and out of the warehouse, which constitutes the basic function of modern warehousing; The reason why "distribution" is regarded as a storage activity is one of the basic functions of storage, because distribution is not a general transportation, but a natural extension of storage, which is the memory requirement for warehouse to develop into a distribution center. Without distribution, the warehouse is still an isolated warehouse. As for information processing, it is a common phenomenon in modern economic activities and should also be one of the contents of warehousing activities. Without information processing, it is not modern warehousing. 3. The purpose of warehousing is to meet the needs of upstream and downstream of the supply chain. This is significantly different from the past, which only met the needs of "customers" in depth and breadth. Whoever entrusts who puts forward the demand is the customer; Customers may be upstream manufacturers or downstream retailers or enterprises, but warehousing can meet the needs of both direct customers and indirect customers. Warehousing should be integrated into the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, and the role positioning and service function of warehousing should be established according to the overall demand of the supply chain. 4. Storage conditions are concrete tangible or intangible places and modern technology. Say "specific" because each enterprise's supply chain is specific, and the storage location is of course specific; Of course, tangible places refer to warehouses, freight yards or storage tanks. Under the background of modern economy, warehousing can also be carried out in virtual space, and it also needs the support of many modern technologies. Without modern storage facilities and information technology, there would be no modern storage. 5. The method and level of warehousing are reflected in effective planning, execution and control. Planning, execution and control are the basic connotations of modern management, and scientific, reasonable and meticulous warehousing is of course inseparable from effective planning, execution and control.
Question 3: What is the distribution demand plan? I. Material Demand Planning A company's IE prepares a timetable for on-site material distribution. The process of solving order material demand planning through just-in-time and balanced production mechanism. Seven steps: a company's students diagnose Shanghai on the spot. MonIcon what is customer relationship management zbpabnfl and zbpabnflmonIcon? Comparative analysis of distribution requirement planning and distribution resource planning zbanfl, monIcon What is customer relationship management zbanfl, Zbanfmoniton distribution requirement planning and distribution resource planning? Zbanfl, monIcon What is customer relationship management zbanfl, Zbanfmoniton distribution requirement planning and distribution resource planning? Zbanfl, MonIcon What is customer relationship management zbanfl, zpbann?
Second, what is the main management content of the distribution center? The concept of 1 DRP is short for distribution requirement planning. It is a kind of logistics technology in circulation field and the direct result of MRP application in circulation field. Mainly solve the problem of supply plan and height of distribution materials, and achieve the purpose of ensuring effective meeting of market demand and minimizing distribution costs. 2. The principle of 2.DRP DRP can be applied to two types of enterprises. One is circulation enterprises, such as storage and transportation companies, distribution centers, logistics centers and circulation centers. The basic feature of these enterprises is that they are not necessarily engaged in sales, but they must be engaged in storage and transportation. Their goal is to pursue the effective use of resources (such as vehicles) under the principle of meeting the needs of users, so as to achieve the total cost of production and circulation, and sell all or part of their own products. Enterprise.
Three. What is the definition of distribution? What is its function? Logistics refers to meeting customers' needs through transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost. At this stage, the scope of logistics management extends to demand forecasting, procurement, production planning and inventory management except transportation. 3. The English of the distribution demand plan is Ademandreequirementplanning b distribution1.c2.c3.b4.c5.c6.d7.d I am not a logistics major, but I know something about logistics. Logistics distribution is a logistics operation mode in which logistics services are completed by a third party other than the supply and demand sides of logistics services. Fourth, multi-batch and small-batch distribution of goods to users.
Question 4: What is the definition of distribution? What is its function? Distribution refers to the logistics activities of selecting, processing, packaging, dividing and assembling goods according to the requirements of customers in an economic and reasonable area, and transporting them to the designated place on time.
Distribution is a special and comprehensive activity form in logistics, which is a close combination of business flow and logistics, including business flow activities and logistics activities, and also a form of several functional elements in logistics.
In logistics, distribution contains almost all the functional elements of logistics, which is a microcosm of logistics, or the embodiment of all logistics activities in a small scope. General distribution integrates loading, unloading, packaging, storage and transportation, and completes the purpose of distributing goods through this series of activities. Special distribution is supported by processing activities, so it covers a wider range. However, the main activities of distribution are different from general logistics. General logistics is transportation and warehousing, and distribution is transportation and sorting distribution. Sorting and distribution is a unique requirement of distribution and a characteristic activity in distribution. Distribution transportation is the main means to realize distribution finally. From this main means, distribution is often simplified as a mode of transportation.
In terms of business flow, the difference between distribution and logistics is that logistics is the product of the separation of goods and commodities, while distribution is the product of the integration of goods and commodities, and distribution itself is a commercial form. Although the specific implementation of distribution is also realized in the form of goods separation, from the development trend of distribution, the closer combination of business flow and logistics is an important guarantee for the success of distribution. You can understand the concept of distribution from two aspects:
First, from the perspective of economic resources distribution, the status of distribution in the process of social reproduction and the essential behavior of distribution are expressed:
Distribution is an economic activity to realize the final allocation of resources by modern delivery. The connotation of this concept is summarized as four points:
1. allocation is part of resource allocation. According to the theoretical understanding of economists, it is therefore a form of economic system.
2. The resource allocation function of distribution is "final allocation", so it is close to the allocation of customers. Getting close to customers is an important part of business strategy. The survey of 500 large companies listed in Happiness magazine by Rand Company in the United States shows that "business strategy and getting close to customers are very important", which proves the importance of this distribution method.
3. The main economic activity of distribution is distribution, emphasizing modern distribution and expressing its difference from the old distribution in China. The difference is summed up by the word "modern", which is a way to realize the organic combination of "distribution" and "delivery" with the support of modern productive forces and labor means and relying on scientific and technological progress.
4. The position of distribution in the process of social reproduction is in the circulation field close to users, so it has its limitations. Distribution is an important way and has its strategic value, but it can't solve all the problems in the circulation field.
The second kind. From the realization form of distribution, the expression is as follows:
According to the user's ordering demand, the goods are equipped in the distribution center or other logistics nodes and delivered to the user in the most reasonable way.
The content of this concept can be summarized in five points:
The whole concept of 1. describes the whole process of approaching user resource allocation.
2. The essence of distribution is delivery. Distribution is a kind of delivery, but it is different from general delivery:
General distribution can be an accidental behavior, but distribution is a fixed form, even an institutional form, with a certain organization, a certain channel, a set of equipment and management strength, technical strength and a set of systems. Therefore, distribution is an advanced form of delivery.
3. Distribution is a form of "transit". Distribution is a special delivery form from logistics nodes to users. From the delivery function, its particularity is as follows: it is a full-time circulation enterprise, not a production enterprise; Distribution is a "transit" delivery, while general delivery, especially the delivery from the factory to the user, is often direct; General delivery is what is produced, what is delivered, and distribution is what the enterprise needs to deliver. Therefore, in order to send out what you need, you must put forward this need in a transit link, so the distribution will inevitably appear in the form of transit. Of course, in a broad sense, many people also include non-China transition distribution in the distribution scope, and it is also reasonable to expand the distribution extension from transition to non-transition, and only use the symbol of "distribution" to divide the distribution extension.
4. Distribution is an organic combination of "distribution" and "delivery". The important difference between distribution and general distribution is that distribution uses effective sorting, distribution and other tally work to make distribution reach a certain scale, thus taking advantage of scale to obtain lower distribution costs. If you don't sort and distribute goods, it takes a little to transport one thing. > & gt
Question 5: What is the role of distribution in logistics management? Distribution is the last link of logistics, including distribution and delivery. Upstairs, I gave my most annoying answer, not the answer you wanted.
The role of distribution in logistics management, since it is logistics management, involves logistics distribution plan, distribution schedule, distribution quality and distribution cost management. In logistics management, it is the next link after warehousing. At the end of the whole logistics supply chain, it is the final implementation link to realize the circulation of a complete logistics supply chain. If something goes wrong in this link, all the previous work links will be in vain.
Question 6: What is the function of distribution? With the acceleration of global economic integration and the gradual improvement of computer information technology, China enterprises have been integrated into the international market competition. How to improve the competitive advantage of enterprises, in addition to adopting new technologies, we should also tap the "third profit source", establish a new logistics control system, adjust the inventory structure of enterprises, adopt online shopping, implement logistics distribution, reduce the internal inventory of enterprises, and gradually realize zero inventory or less inventory, so as to reduce logistics costs and production costs and achieve the purpose of improving the economic benefits of enterprises.
Keywords: logistics distribution; Zero inventory; E-commerce/e-commerce
The development and popularization of global computer technology and communication technology have had a great impact on the traditional business philosophy and trade mode, triggered the information revolution in the fields of industry, agriculture, transportation, domestic trade and foreign trade, accelerated the structural adjustment or reorganization of China's production enterprises and circulation enterprises, and formed new competitive advantages; The key for enterprises to create competitive advantage has changed from the "first profit source" of saving raw materials and the "second profit source" of improving labor productivity to the "third profit source" of establishing efficient logistics system. Through the use of online transactions, logistics distribution can be realized, and the overall cost of logistics can be reduced, so as to improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises.
First, logistics distribution under e-commerce
Any transaction in e-commerce includes business flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow. Among them, business flow refers to the movement process of commodity trading and the transfer of commodity ownership between purchase and sale; Logistics refers to the flow process of entities; Capital flow mainly refers to the transfer process of funds; Information flow refers to information related to business flow, logistics and capital flow, as well as various information provided to operators and consumers. Logistics is the most special of the above four kinds of flows, which refers to the flow process of material entities, mainly referring to various activities such as transportation, storage, processing, distribution and delivery. For a few commodities and services, consumers can obtain them directly through network transmission, such as electronic publications, valuable information software and information consulting services. For most goods and services, consumers need to get them through transportation, storage, processing, distribution and delivery. How to make consumers get the goods and services they need accurately and timely requires modern and efficient logistics and distribution. According to the online ordering requirements of consumers, distribution enterprises tally goods at the logistics base, namely the distribution center, and deliver the prepared goods to the consignee.
Logistics distribution is a logistics operation mode in which logistics services are completed by a third party other than the supply and demand sides of logistics services. The third party refers to an external service provider who provides part or all of the logistics functions for both parties to the logistics transaction, and is a form of logistics specialization. In recent years, the distribution industry has been gradually valued and developed in China. To carry out distribution in the material circulation movement, it is necessary to adjust the logistics inventory structure, that is, to replace the inventory scattered among households with the inventory of distribution enterprises, and to arrange transportation activities uniformly by distribution institutions to realize "transportation monopoly". From the perspective of supply and demand, it is necessary to replace the internal supply system of enterprises with the social supply system. Doing so can not only optimize the inventory structure and transportation structure, thus improving the utilization rate of equipment and facilities, but also greatly reduce the logistics cost and production cost, and reduce the risks brought by price fluctuations to enterprises. Various circulation elements are relatively concentrated, which is conducive to the development of large-scale business activities; At the same time, it is also convenient to arrange the logistics activities of all links reasonably, so as to coordinate the overall movement and finally reduce the manpower consumption and expenses in the logistics field.
Second, the concept of zero inventory.
Inventory is an indispensable part of logistics movement. Without inventory, there would be no commodity circulation. Inventory has the function of regulating production and consumption. However, like other logistics activities, setting up inventory links and carrying out inventory activities must also occupy and consume certain social labor (including manpower, material resources and financial resources). Therefore, inventory will also offset the circulation profit or logistics income, especially the key commodities. If the plan is not well-planned or the measures are not appropriate, the side effects of inventory will be even greater. If inventory accounts for more funds, it will have the side effect of reducing profits. Therefore, the rationalization of inventory has always been the goal that people strive to pursue. Zero inventory is an important symbol to realize the rationalization of key commodity inventory.
Zero inventory means that the storage quantity of one or several items in the warehouse storage form is "zero", that is, the inventory is not maintained. It is a special concept of inventory. The purpose of realizing zero inventory is to reduce the occupation of social labor and improve the economic benefits of logistics movement. It is a theoretical and practical problem put forward and solved under the background of rationalization of logistics movement. From the perspective of rationalization of logistics movement, the concept of zero inventory should include the following two aspects. & gt
Question 7: What is the function of production planning? Production planning is the core work of production management. Perhaps many people disagree with this view, just because the premise of this view is that production planning does play a role in production management. At present, the status quo of domestic manufacturing industry can not reflect the real role of production planning, so no one thinks it is the core work, but why has production planning attracted the attention of production managers? With the expansion of production scale, the increase of equipment, the constant change of orders and the pressure of cost, customers' requirements for delivery time are getting shorter and shorter, and the complexity of production management is rising, which leads to the scene often paying attention to one thing and losing another, eventually consuming more resources and paying more costs, but still unable to meet the needs of customers. These reasons finally make production managers realize the importance of production planning. A good plan can make production in an orderly way, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of resources and reducing the production and operation costs. Production planning has many functions. As the smallest unit of production scheduling, (1) process is blind when there is no production plan, because there is no specific process start and end time, which also leads to the blindness of resource preparation and resource allocation. This is undoubtedly unacceptable for enterprises that want to achieve refined management. (2) Equipment, the main carrier of manufacturing industry, some are expensive, with high depreciation cost, and need to work around the clock to improve the utilization rate. Some have special functions and some are irreplaceable, and they also need to make every effort to ensure the production task. If there is no detailed production plan, it is impossible to predict the utilization rate and load of resources, and it is also impossible to give full play to the role of bottleneck equipment. The source of materials and finished products, and the procurement time of materials are the most important factors to ensure the delivery date, because equipment failures can be temporarily adjusted by replacing equipment, and important processes can be adjusted to make way for other processes to ensure the delivery date. However, if the materials are not in place on time, all efforts will have no chance, so it is very important to predict the arrival of materials and accurately predict when the shortage will occur in the production site, and the detailed production operation plan can provide inventory prediction and management of materials. (3) reduce inventory, which is related to the occupation of funds and the burden of enterprises. How to reduce inventory has always been a difficult problem in production management. How many resources are needed in the face of a batch of orders, and can the current inventory situation be met? How much do you need to buy if you are not satisfied? When to buy? These are unknown, that is to say, the management of inventory is passive, so it is impossible to realize inventory control. In this case, we can only rely on experience to maintain a certain inventory and ensure that the inventory will occupy working capital, which runs counter to the ideal of pursuing zero inventory production management. (4) Refined cost management. The cost management of many enterprises can only be the cost statistics at the end of the month, how much materials were consumed and how much equipment was depreciated this month. These are all counted at the end of the month, and the work done is only the process of collecting data afterwards. The cost comes from the production process and resource consumption. If there is no accurate record of the production process, it is impossible to calculate the cost, and the production operation plan can give the accurate start and end time of the process. The basis used in the process means that the cost of each process can be accurately predicted before production. With this forecast, we can make some cost planning before production, and then control the cost to form a cost plan, so that we can compare it with cost statistics and realize real refined cost management.
Question 8: What is the significance and purpose of cultivating logistics talents? With the establishment of China's socialist market economy system and the acceleration of China's accession to the WTO and integration into the world economy, the logistics industry, as a new sunrise industry in the national economy, has become a new growth point of China's national economy. At present, logistics is regarded as an important means to improve the market competitiveness and core competitiveness of enterprises from the central government to local governments.
As an economic activity related to the physical space of commodities, logistics plays an important role in the production and circulation of materials. Logistics supports our industry and life, and social development cannot be separated from logistics. Logistics science is a science that studies the circulation law of materials in all aspects of production, circulation and consumption, and seeks to obtain the greatest time and space benefits. It involves various technical problems and logistics technical problems in the process of material spatial displacement in social economy.
At the same time, logistics science is a new discipline, which is in the process of research, establishment and perfection. Also called fringe science, it is an important part of science and technology. Logistics science is a comprehensive, systematic and applied science. Its comprehensiveness is reflected in its interdisciplinary nature, which mainly combines natural science with social science, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, storage and other technical and economic theories. Its theoretical method is formed on the basis of comprehensive multidisciplinary basic theories. Its systematicness means that it is not only a complex social system, but also a larger national economy and world economic system. Its application is that when studying, analyzing and demonstrating logistics problems, we should proceed from reality and serve social and economic construction and development.
Question 9: What factors should be considered in the planning of distribution centers? There are many factors to consider in case analysis, and the most fundamental one is feasibility. The factors to be considered in establishing a distribution center mainly include the following aspects: first, the comprehensive cost factor; This is a very important factor. It is necessary to weigh the operation cost of distribution center and the logistics cost of distribution. For example, if you are a supermarket, if you set up a distribution center in the city center, your distribution distance will be short and the distribution cost will be reduced, but the rent of your distribution center will be high, which is not the best way to choose a location. Second, the operational stability factors of the distribution center; When I say stable, I mean that your distribution center will not break down due to seasonal fluctuations. There are many seasonal fluctuations in commodity sales, with more shipments this month and less shipments next month. The distribution center should take into account the off-season of distribution, so as not to be idle in the off-season and understaffed in the peak season, which will affect the sales of goods.
Question 10: the meaning and basic principles of distribution. Distribution refers to the logistics activities in which goods are selected, processed, packaged, divided, assembled and distributed in an economical and reasonable area according to customers' requirements, and delivered to designated places on time. Distribution is a special and comprehensive activity form in logistics, which is a close combination of business flow and logistics, including business flow activities and logistics activities, and also a form of several functional elements in logistics.
Connotation of the concept of distribution
1. Distribution provides logistics services, so meeting customers' demand for logistics services is the premise of distribution.
1) In the buyer's market, the customer's demand is flexible and changeable, and the consumption characteristics are multi-variety and small batch. Therefore, in this sense, distribution activities are by no means simple delivery activities, but should be a business activity based on marketing planning.
2) In the buyer's market, customers' demand is flexible and changeable, and consumption is characterized by many varieties and small batches. A single distribution function cannot meet customers' demand for logistics services, so distribution activities are the unity of many logistics activities. (As stated in China's "Logistics Terminology". Some scholars believe that distribution is "small logistics". Only the degree is lower and the scope is narrower than that of the large logistics system. In this sense, the logistics function contained in distribution activities should be more comprehensive than that proposed in China's "Logistics Terminology".
2. Distribution is an organic combination of "distribution" and "delivery".
The so-called "reasonable distribution" means that before delivery, the delivery activities must be reasonably organized and planned according to the needs of customers. Only through "organization and planning" can we realize the so-called "low cost and fast delivery" in modern logistics management, and then effectively meet the needs of customers.
3. Distribution means delivery in a positive and reasonable area.
Distribution is not suitable for large-scale implementation, and is usually limited to one city or region.
Elements of distribution
Collect goods
Collecting goods means collecting scattered or small batches of goods for transportation and distribution.
Collecting goods is an important part of distribution. In order to meet the delivery requirements of specific customers, it is sometimes necessary to collect the items ordered from several or even dozens of suppliers and deliver the required items to designated containers and places.
Collecting goods is the preparation workbench or basic work of distribution. One advantage of distribution is that it can concentrate customers on a certain scale.
arrange
Sorting is the operation of sorting and stacking articles according to their varieties and the order of entry and exit.
Sorting is a functional element that distinguishes distribution from other logistics forms, and it is also an important supporting work for the success or failure of distribution. It is the preparation to improve and support the delivery, and it is the inevitable extension for different distribution enterprises to compete in the delivery process and improve their own economic benefits. Therefore, it can also be said that sorting is an inevitable requirement for the development of delivery to advanced forms. With sorting, the delivery service level will be greatly improved.
distribute
Distribution is the use of various sorting equipment and transmission devices, according to customer requirements, to sort out the stored items and send them to the designated distribution location with complete equipment.
assemble
When the delivery quantity of a single customer can't reach the effective load of the vehicle, there is a problem of how to concentrate the delivery goods of different customers and carry out matching loading to make full use of the transportation capacity and transportation capacity, which requires matching. It is different from the general distribution, which can greatly improve the distribution level and reduce the distribution cost, so it is also a functional element with modern characteristics in the distribution system and one of the important differences between modern distribution and previous distribution.
Distribution transportation
The main difference between terminal transportation and feeder transportation is that distribution transportation is a transportation form with short distance, small scale and high quota, and cars are generally used as transportation tools. Another difference with trunk line transportation is that there is no route selection problem in general trunk line transportation, and the trunk line of trunk line transportation is the only transportation route. However, due to the large number of distribution customers and the complex traffic routes in general cities, how to combine the best routes and how to effectively match the equipment and routes are the characteristics of distribution and transportation, and it is also an arduous task.
Delivery service
Delivering the prepared goods to customers is not the end of the distribution work, because there is often disharmony between the delivered goods and the customers' goods, which makes the distribution wasted. Therefore, in order to successfully realize the delivery of delivered goods, handle relevant formalities effectively and conveniently, and complete the settlement, we should also pay attention to the unloading place and unloading method. Distribution service is also the unique particularity of distribution.
Distribution processing
The distribution processing is ... >>