Ouyang Xiu was born in Luling. My father died when I was four years old, and my mother Zheng never got married. She personally taught Ouyang Xiu to read and study at home. Because her family is poor, she can only use reeds as pens and write in school. In his early years, Ouyang Xiu was brilliant and never forgets his reading. When I am an adult, I am better and have a good reputation.

It has been more than 100 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, but the genre of the article still inherits the stereotypes of the Five Dynasties, deliberately carves words and sentences, and pursues duality, resulting in the stagnation of the style of writing. Most scholars stick to the rules, and the knowledge of the article is shallow and the style is low. Su Shunyuan, Su Shunqin, Liu Kai, Mu Xiu and others all tried to create ancient prose, and strongly advocated using ancient prose to change the style of writing at that time, but they all failed to do so because of lack of pen power.

When Ouyang Xiu worked with his uncle Ouyang Ye in Suizhou, he found Han Yu's posthumous work "Collected Works of Mr. Changli" in a local waste book basket, and he was amazed after reading it. So I searched for its essence with my heart, so that I forgot to eat and sleep, and I was determined to catch up with him and keep pace with him.

In the first month of the eighth year of Song Renzong Tiansheng (1030), Yan Shu presided over the examination of rites, and Ouyang Xiu ranked first. In March, Chongwen Temple ranked 14th in the first imperial examination, was elected as the first Jinshi, and was appointed as an official of Xijing.

At this time, Ouyang Xiu began to make friends with Athena Chu, writing ancient prose together and discussing current affairs. They are teachers and friends, make friends with Mei, recite poems, and become famous all over the world with their articles. Later, Ouyang Xiu returned to Beijing and North Korea and was promoted to Guan Ge for collation.

Fan Zhongyan was demoted for writing about Chen's dereliction of duty, and most North Korean officials sealed him to save him. Only Zuo Si advised Gao Ruona to depose him. Ouyang Xiu wrote to condemn Gao Ruoni, saying that he had no idea that there was still shame in the world. Gao Ruoyi gave Ouyang Xiu's letter to the emperor, so that Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Yiling county magistrate, and soon transferred to Gande county magistrate and Wucheng our time.

Fan Zhongyan was appointed as a bachelor in Longtuge and an assistant ambassador in Shaanxi, and later hired Ouyang Xiu as a clerk. Ouyang Xiu smiled and refused: "Was my previous move for my own benefit?" ? Although we were fired at the same time, we were not necessarily promoted at the same time. "After a long time, Ouyang was appointed as the school, and later he was appointed as the proofreader of Jixian. Li Qing for three years (1043), also in charge of the imperial court.

At that time, Renzong made personnel changes to the ministers of the DPRK. Du Yan, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, etc. all participated in the administration, increased the number of remonstrators and appointed world celebrities, and Ouyang Xiu was the first to be selected. Every time Ouyang Xiu went to see the emperor, Renzong asked him how to govern the country and see what he could do.

At that time, many aspects of national politics were engaged in reforms, and some villains added fuel to the fire and attacked them wantonly. Ouyang Xiu was worried that some good people engaged in reform would be difficult to win, and he wrote to Renzong many times on related issues.

When Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Raozhou, Ouyang Xiu, Athena Chu and Yu Jing were all dismissed because of Fan Zhongyan's incident, and the world regarded them as "party member". From then on, there was a clique discussion, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a clique paper to show Renzong.

In his article, he said, "It is natural that gentlemen form like-minded cronies and villains form like-minded cronies." . I thought villains had no cronies, only gentlemen had them.

I like wealth, but I long for money and property. When their interests are the same, they temporarily cite each other to form a private party, which is pseudo-nepotism; When they see the interests, they will fight for them, or they will hurt each other after the interests are taken away. Even brothers, relatives and friends can't save * * *, so the villain has no cronies.

A gentleman is not. They abide by morality, get loyalty, and cherish honor and integrity. If these morals are used for self-cultivation, we can share the same interests and benefit from each other. If these moral qualities are used to serve the country, we will work together and always support each other. Therefore, only gentlemen have cronies.

Shang Zhouwang has hundreds of millions of courtiers, but also hundreds of millions of hearts. It can be said that there were no cronies, but Shang Zhouwang perished. Zhou Wuwang has three thousand courtiers, but he has only one idea. He is really a big nepotism, and Zhou Wuwang has always been able to thrive. This is the truth that a gentleman's cronies never tire of hearing it.

Therefore, as the king of a country, we should get rid of the false cronies of villains and promote the true cronies of gentlemen. Only in this way can the world achieve great governance. "

Ouyang Xiu's theory is straightforward, so some people regard him as an enemy. Only Injong encouraged him to speak out and gave him five official uniforms face to face. He said to the courtiers, "Where can I find someone like Ouyang Xiu?" After making an explanation for fellow initiates, he was assigned to make an edict. Generally speaking, this official position must pass an examination before being appointed. Renzong knew Ouyang Xiu and received a special award from the imperial edict.

Second, the original text

Ouyang Zi, a native of Luling. Four-year-old lonely, mother Zheng, teaching by herself. My family was poor, so I learned books by painting. At an early age, Ouyang Xiu was so talented that he could recite the book once. In adulthood, it is more of a character and a reputation.

Song Xing lasted for one hundred years, but the genre of the article still exceeded five seasons. Wrinkling and lettering are parallel, and they are full of enthusiasm, which makes the literati humble and conservative and talk about inferiority and weakness. Su Shunyuan, Su Shunruan, Liu Kai and Mu Xiudai are salty and deliberate, but their strength is insufficient. With the tour, I got Tang Hanyu's manuscript in the scrap book, and I was fascinated by it. When you are struggling to explore life, you will forget to eat and sleep, and you will want to pursue it.

Be promoted to Jinshi and transferred to Xijing for promotion. I started to travel from Athena Chu, wrote ancient prose, and talked about it for a lifetime, overlapping teachers and friends; Traveling with Mei, advocating peace as a song as a poem, and famous for his articles. Enter the DPRK to organize the museum.

Fan Zhongyan belittled things with his words, talked more about salvation in the court, and admonished Gao Ruoang alone. Repairing books makes him responsible, saying that he no longer knows that there is shame in the world. If you don't read his book, you will demote Yiling. Celebrate the calendar for three years, and know the suggestion court.

When Injong used ministers, Du Yan, Fu Bi, Qi Chao and Fan Zhongyan were all in office, and they added officials to remonstrate, used world celebrities, and chose the first revision. Every time I see him, the emperor asks him to be in power, and the consultation room needs to be done. It is inconvenient for a small man to relax a lot. If you think about it, you will be invincible, and the number will be determined by the emperor.

When Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Raozhou, Xiuhe and Yujin regarded him as "party member". Naturally, the theory of cronies began, and the revision was for the sake of "the theory of cronies." He said briefly: "naturally, children and friends take the same road, and villains and friends take the same interest." I said villains have no friends, but gentlemen have friends.

Being kind to villains is rich, and being greedy is rich. When they share the same interests, the party will treat them as friends, impersonate them and compete with them for interests. Or profits run out, thieves kill people. Although brothers and relatives can't protect each other, they all say that villains have no friends. Gentlemen are different. Those who abide by morality will also benefit from the same path. If they think they serve their country, they will unite and help each other. They will always be the same. Therefore, only gentlemen have friends.

There are hundreds of millions of ministers, but hundreds of millions of hearts. It can be said that there are no friends, but I am used to death. King Wu has three thousand ministers, but he has only one heart, which can be described as a confidant, and Zhou is used for prosperity. There are many friends of a gentleman, but they are never tired. Therefore, being a gentleman, but being a false friend of a villain and using a true friend of a gentleman will rule the world. "

The matter of repairing is straightforward, and people regard it as hatred. The emperor only rewarded him for speaking and gave him five clothes. Gu Chaochen said, "Where did you come from, like Ouyang Xiu?" Fellow initiates began to take notes, so that they knew how to make great progress. Stories have to be tried before they die, and the emperor knows how to fix them, and the imperial edict has been deliberately removed.

Third, the source

Song Shi

Extended data

First, the creative background

The History of Song Dynasty was published in the first edition, and the second edition was reprinted by Chenghua Zhu Ying. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu wrote a letter to revise the History of Song Dynasty, but it failed because of different styles and titles.

In March of the third year of Yuan Shundi (1343), he ordered the revision of the three histories of Liao, Jin and Song. Seven people, including Timur Tazhi, He, Zhang Qiyan and Ouyang Xuan, served as the Chief Executive, and 23 historians, including Wo Yulun, Taibuhua, Yu Wenchuan, Gong Shidao, Yu Kan, Jia Lu and others, resigned in May of four years (1344) and were succeeded by Arutu, the right prime minister of Zhongshu.

Zheng Zheng five years (1345) it took only two and a half years to write this book in October. Zheng Zheng six years (1346), published in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

Second, the appreciation of works

The History of Song Dynasty is characterized by rich historical materials and detailed narration. In Song Dynasty, economy was prosperous, culture and scholarship were active, and block printing was popular. The compiled history books are easy to publish and circulate.

With the development of the imperial examination system, a large number of civil servants have been formed. They are well paid and have good writing conditions. In addition, the rulers attached importance to compiling the history of the dynasty, which also promoted the development of historiography in the Song Dynasty.

Although there are many omissions in The History of Song Dynasty, it still preserves many lost original materials and is an important historical book for understanding and studying the history of Song Dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many people have corrected or supplemented the history of the Song Dynasty.

The biggest shortcoming of The History of Song Dynasty is its roughness. Because of the short writing time, it only took two years and seven months, and it was on the eve of the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, so it was compiled in a hurry.

Three. Brief introduction of the author

1, take off.

Tuotuo (13 14- 1355), also known as Tuotuo, also known as Tuotuo Timur and Rice Beggar, is a very useful word. Mongolian beggar in Meiere grew up in Bo Yan's home and studied under Wu Zhifang in Pujiang. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1334), he got rid of Tong Zhi Yuan and moved to China as a political envoy, Tong Zhi Privy Council, an ancient bachelor and a right-hand prime minister.

At that time, Bo Yan was the right prime minister of Zhongshu, and he was in power. He is jealous of Yuan Shundi, and he is afraid of getting tired of it. He conspired with Shun Di to force Bo Yan to return. In the first year of Zheng Zheng (134 1 year), Tuotuo became the prime minister, which greatly changed the old government of Bo Yan and resumed the imperial examination. For three years (1343), Zheng Zheng was the editor-in-chief of Liao History, Song History and Jin History and the president of the capital.

Zheng Zheng resigned due to illness in the fourth year (i.e. 1344), and came back as a relative in the ninth year of Zheng Zheng (i.e. 1349), issuing new banknotes "orthogonal banknotes" and sending Jaru to govern the Yellow River. His outstanding achievements won the hearts of the victims. He was awarded the title of "freedom" and was praised as.

In September of 12th year (1352), he led the army to suppress the uprising of Sesame Army and Li Red Scarf Army in Xuzhou, persisted in the massacre, and made outstanding contributions. In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng (1354), he sent Tuotuo to crusade against Gaoyou (now Jiangsu) Zhang Shicheng Rebel Army, and when Shicheng was about to fall, he impeached the DPRK, which fell short.

Because the Crown Prince was dissatisfied with the "gift of not giving calligraphy treasures", he supported Li Kang Hama to impeach Tuotuo. Tuotuo was dismissed and exiled to Yunnan in the 15th year of Zheng Zheng (1355), and was sent to Yuan Shundi by imperial edict. In the 22nd year of Zheng Zheng (1362), Zhao Xue was reinstated. Tuotuo's death made him do his best to repair the dam ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, and it also became a turning point in the collapse and demise of the Yuan Dynasty.

2. Ala Arutu

Ala Arutu, (the year of birth and death is to be tested), Mongolian, from Allabo, Mongolia. At the end of the yuan dynasty.

During the reign of Yuan Shundi (Hui Yuan Zong) Boljijintuo Huan timur, Mirizzi Tuotuo, the right prime minister of Zhongshu, resigned due to illness in May of the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1344) and was succeeded by Ala Arutu.

After Alaarutu was detached, he presided over the compilation of the three histories of Liao, Jin and Song, and awarded the supreme rules, especially the part about the history of Song in the three histories, which was presided over by Alaarutu.

Although Alaarutu was named President Du among those who participated in the compilation of History of Song Dynasty, he never knew Chinese characters, so he didn't participate in the actual compilation. However, it has given strong support in finance, management and historical data provision. Therefore, in the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty (1345 Lunar Calendar 10), all three histories were compiled, and the Chinese book was written by Prime Minister You. Although The History of Song Dynasty was finally completed in the three histories, it only lasted for two and a half years.

The compilation of History of the Song Dynasty, presided over by Ala Arutu, was rather hasty, and many problems and defects inevitably appeared. Nevertheless, The History of Song Dynasty is still an extremely important historical book among the twenty-four histories, and it still plays an irreplaceable role. In this regard, Ala Arutu has played an important role.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Shi Ouyang Xiu Chuan