With the rapid development of national economy, the scale of engineering construction in China is expanding year by year, and the internal and external environment and technical complexity of engineering projects are far more complicated than before. Although a large number of projects have emerged that represent the leading level of technological development at home and abroad, there have also been some security problems that cannot be ignored. In the first half of 20 10, there were 2 14 accidents in housing construction and municipal engineering production (hereinafter referred to as "construction production safety accidents"), and 276 people died. However, from the beginning of 20 1 1 to the end of 1 1, there were 20 construction safety accidents in Guangdong province, resulting in 37 deaths (the statistical date was 1 1.22). As can be seen from the above data, although the number of safety accidents has decreased over the years, the situation of construction safety production is still very grim. In this case, how the government should effectively implement safety supervision and management to reduce the occurrence of accidents is worthy of everyone in the front line of safety supervision to face up to and think about.
Second, the reason analysis
In order to curb the occurrence of construction safety accidents, we should look for the root causes from the behaviors of all parties in construction. Through my own work practice and consulting a lot of literature, I found that there are mainly the following reasons:
(a) the construction unit ignored the laws and regulations of the state and seriously violated the basic construction procedures.
In the process of construction, in order to catch up with the construction period and win economic benefits, some construction units started construction without obtaining a construction permit, and organized construction teams without relevant qualifications to enter the site for construction, and some even appeared "trilateral" projects such as "survey, design and construction"; It is more difficult for the government to supervise the safe production of construction projects. A few workers in the construction unit paid insufficient attention to the safety production of the project, and thought that safety production was the business of the construction enterprise, and failed to urge other contractors to eliminate safety hazards in time; In order to reduce the project cost, some construction units do not pay the funds for safety production measures according to the regulations, which makes it difficult for construction units to ensure the investment in safety protection, which has a great impact on safety production.
(B) Construction market reasons
Due to the serious imbalance between supply and demand in the construction market and the obvious overcapacity, excessive competition will inevitably lead to bad competition and even vicious competition. Some construction and supervision units have pressed each other's prices, and the project has won the bid at an unreasonable low price. Bidding, qualification affiliation, illegal subcontracting or subcontracting are still common. As a result, in the construction process, the responsibility system for production safety cannot be implemented to people, and government supervision is difficult.
(C) Construction enterprises and construction projects have a weak awareness of production safety.
The safety state of building production is characterized by high mobility, many open-air operations, high labor intensity and complex and dynamic construction environment. If safety production management is not in place and technical measures are not effective, accidents will occur at any time. Enterprises and project managers don't have a deep understanding of the responsibility of production safety and the harm of production safety accidents, and they always take chances before the accidents happen in the project. Most special construction schemes are not operable and fail to effectively guide the construction. For dangerous sub-projects exceeding a certain scale, no special construction scheme is strictly demonstrated or becomes a mere formality in the implementation process, and no emergency plan drills are organized. Once there is danger, it is impossible to eliminate the risk as planned. The basic work of safety production in most enterprises is not solid, especially some cross-regional construction enterprises are lax in the management of foreign engineering projects, and outsourcing is widespread. Some enterprises have not set up safety production institutions and equipped full-time safety production management personnel as required. According to incomplete statistics, more than 80% of employees in the construction industry are migrant workers, and the safety education and construction skills training of enterprises can not meet the needs, resulting in poor safety awareness of workers. In order to maximize economic benefits, most enterprises often do everything possible to reduce the cost of production safety, reduce the investment in production safety guarantee, and even force production at the risk of casualties and occupational hazards. Through the investigation and analysis of the causes of construction safety accidents in Guangdong Province in the first half of 20 1 1, the results show that the most common cause of safety accidents is falling from a height, followed by collapse and object strike, and the fundamental cause of these accidents is not objective accidents or technical problems, but the poor safety awareness and responsibility awareness of all participants.
(D) The project supervision exists in name only.
Some supervisors have poor quality and are not familiar with the laws, regulations and standards of safety production, so they cannot find the hidden dangers of safety production in the construction site; The main reasons for irregular supervision are the failure to stop the illegal activities of the construction unit, to promptly and effectively urge the construction unit to eliminate the hidden dangers of production safety found on the spot, to urge the rectification, and to supervise the implementation of special construction schemes loosely, which leads to the project supervision being largely ineffective. In addition, in the process of supervision, the influence of interest chain can not be ignored except that the supervision unit does not seriously perform its supervision duties and has a weak sense of safety.
(E) Government supervision has not been fully implemented.
The construction safety supervision station is entrusted by the local construction administrative department to supervise the safety of the construction project, and is entrusted by the electric power department to be responsible for the safety supervision of the project. With the rapid growth of social economy and the emergence of large-scale construction, the shortage of professional and technical management personnel under the government system, coupled with the transfer of some law enforcement personnel from departments, may lead to the lack of corresponding professional background of law enforcement personnel, resulting in insufficient professional quality, and the phenomenon that non-professionals are responsible for supervision. Moreover, because the safety supervision station belongs to a public institution or institution and belongs to the de facto "iron rice bowl" system, law enforcement personnel lack the motivation to strive to improve their professional level, and their professional level can't keep up with the development of the times, and the level of law enforcement is not high, which seriously affects the effect of supervision and law enforcement. Even some supervisors are seriously driven by interests, and take the law enforcement authority entrusted by the construction administrative department as a means of making profits. The lack of effective re-supervision in the whole process of government supervision and inspection is also a reason for poor supervision.
Based on the analysis of the above reasons, the main units involved in the construction do not seriously perform their duties of production safety, which is the direct cause of production safety accidents in construction. 20 1 1 Statistics of construction safety accidents in Guangdong Province in the first half of the year show that there were 15 accidents, including 12 accidents, accounting for 80% of the accidents.
Third, the countermeasures to curb construction safety accidents
(1) Establish, improve and effectively implement the enterprise responsibility system for production safety.
It is necessary to clarify the safety production responsibilities of all departments and personnel in the form of safety production responsibility system, and strengthen the safety production responsibilities of the main responsible persons of enterprises. Improve the assessment mechanism, effectively implement the post responsibilities of the main person in charge, the person in charge, the safety management personnel, the team leader and each employee, and regularly check the implementation of the responsibility system to ensure the realization of the safety responsibility goal.
(two) to strengthen the supervision of the market behavior of construction enterprises and supervision units.
Many production safety accidents in the construction field are related to irregular market behavior. Government security departments should resolutely stop and crack down on selling and lending qualifications, qualifications, subcontracting and illegal subcontracting. Control the change behavior of the project manager after the contractor wins the bid. It is not allowed to change the project manager immediately after winning the bid, and the so-called project leader or project executive manager is not allowed to preside over the construction of the project. Personnel in each post of the Project Department must hold corresponding qualification certificates. Supervision enterprises shall not carry out project supervision by personnel who do not meet the statutory conditions and qualifications, and shall strengthen the supervision of the qualification management and technical behavior of the construction technical person in charge. In the process of supervision, resolutely stop the practice of implementation without a construction plan and without performing the examination and approval procedures. In accordance with the provisions of the "Construction Law", "Construction Project Safety Production Management Conditions" and other laws and regulations, we must resolutely investigate and deal with illegal construction behaviors, severely deal with illegal enterprises and personnel, and purify the construction market environment by doing a good job in cleaning up the construction market. Constantly improve the coordination and linkage mechanism, strengthen the linkage between "market" and "site", combine the on-site supervision of engineering quality and safety with bidding, construction permit and qualification management, and clean up enterprises with irregular market behavior and non-compliance with the basic conditions of quality and safety production. At the same time, further improve the quality and safety credit evaluation system, strengthen the management of bad behavior records, improve the credit reward and punishment mechanism, carry out credit punishment and social supervision through announcements and publicity, and give full play to the binding role of the market and society in engineering safety behavior.
(3) Make full use of the supervision power of the supervisor.
Make full use of the witness and on-site strength of supervision enterprises. In the case of limited supervision power, the supervision station focuses on professional support, technical input, review opinions of special construction plans, effectiveness and legality of the supervision company, and supervision and inspection of hidden dangers and key parts of on-site supervision plans and on-site records. In strict accordance with the spirit of relevant documents in the industry and regions, the supervision unit is required to implement the system of quality and safety supervision once a month, special safety supervision once a week, random emergency report and timely report of important matters, and report the inspection report of the supervision unit to the competent department as required.
(D) the implementation of differentiated supervision
The so-called differentiated safety supervision refers to the classification supervision of engineering projects according to different management methods and supervision intensity according to the differences of engineering supervision subjects and engineering safety supervision tasks. Differentiated management is one of the advanced concepts of modern enterprise management. This "object-oriented" management model is the basic requirement of modern scientific management, the exquisite management based on multiple thinking, and the "reaction" to the indiscriminate application of "unification" of all management work. On the basis of strengthening daily inspection and supervision, government supervision departments determine enterprises, projects and all kinds of major hazards that need supervision according to the characteristics of safety production in construction and the past safety production situation of construction and supervision enterprises, strengthen supervision over the main body responsible for safety production of these enterprises, conduct irregular inspections on the performance of safety production responsibilities by the main persons in charge of enterprises and projects, and strengthen inspections on these projects. The number of safety supervision and inspection shall be at least once a month, and the illegal acts found shall be severely punished, and enterprises shall be urged to earnestly implement the responsibility for production safety to ensure the smooth and orderly construction. At the same time, construction units that can strictly implement safety management rules and regulations and engineering construction units with self-management and self-restraint ability can promote their own development under the constraint of their good performance and reputation, and enter a virtuous circle of development track, so as to realize the rational allocation of engineering supervision resources and better serve the engineering construction.
(5) Dynamic management of engineering construction
Dynamic management of construction projects is the detailed implementation rules formulated by various regions to implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive management", strengthen the supervision and management of production safety of construction projects and promote the implementation of the responsibility system for production safety. Taking the Measures for Dynamic Management of Construction Safety of Guangdong Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development as an example, the core content of dynamic management of engineering construction is to implement quantitative deduction for enterprises and individuals, dynamically urge all parties in engineering construction to implement safety responsibilities, implement safety production investment, implement safety production supervision system and establish provincial information platform. Establish databases of construction administrative departments, construction safety supervision institutions, construction enterprises and supervision enterprises at all levels in the province, and establish databases of project managers, safety officers, chief supervision engineers, professional supervision engineers and other safety production management personnel, so as to realize real-time, quantitative, linkage, closed and information-based management of safety production management of construction projects in the province, effectively reduce and eliminate the occurrence of construction safety accidents, and realize safety management from "passive" to "active". Past practice has proved that dynamic management is an effective way to strengthen the supervision and management of construction safety production. The author believes that in the process of implementing dynamic management, we should further improve our implementation and assessment standards, and make regular inspections, regular reviews and timely updates of information to achieve the best management effect.
(6) Re-supervise the ability, professional level and law enforcement of functional departments.
There are some problems in the functional law enforcement departments, such as insufficient staffing, professional mismatch, low quality of administrative law enforcement personnel and insufficient ability. We can regularly conduct post examinations for existing post personnel to screen out the needed talents. If there are shortcomings, we can recruit some talents with practical experience to ensure the professional quality of law enforcement. At the same time, it is necessary to re-supervise the law enforcement process of law enforcement personnel. All departments can change their posts regularly or irregularly to supervise each other, and the competent departments can conduct irregular inspections to reduce the arbitrariness of supervision.