References are divided into direct references and indirect references. Direct quotations must be copied verbatim from other people's articles. Indirect speech can convey the meaning of others in one's own words. In any case, we should not go against others' original intention, take it out of context, and we should not misinterpret it.

For example:

Brown (1983: 23 1) thinks that communicative approach is a more effective method in English teaching. (There is the author's name in the quotation, and the information in brackets is the year and page number. Page number information can be omitted here).

Quoting Bert (1977), Milroy (1980: 135) pointed out that ...

Previous reports (Blake, 1977) pointed out the importance of this prior knowledge.

Some researchers have confirmed the limitations of this method (Koo,1985; Manson,1961; Watkins, 1979) (use this format if multiple authors need to be cited).

Students may confuse the object-related pattern with the subject-related pattern (Abbott, 1969, quoted from Ponsonby 1990: 36) (another author is quoted in indirect quotation, and the author information is provided in brackets).

Extended data:

Anti-use, also known as "anti-quotation", refers to judging the quoted sentences and holding a negative attitude, that is, the meaning used is opposite to the original intention in order to achieve originality.

Or play an ironic role. Reverse use can also be divided into three categories in form. Is to record the original text and then deny or correct it; Is to change the original text directly, so that the meaning of this article is opposite to the original text; The third category is to introduce the main idea of the original text and then raise objections. For example:

(1) Confucius said: "It is difficult to raise a little woman, and if she is near, she is inferior, and if she is far away, she complains." The woman is the same as the villain, but I don't know if it includes his mother.

Later Taoist gentlemen finally respected their mothers on the surface, but even so, women who were mothers in China were despised by all men except their own sons.