Sports is an important social practice of human beings, and its development is an important symbol of human civilization. After liberation, China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in sports, and athletes have won great honor for the country. The state has invested a lot of resources in sports regardless of the cost. In people's minds, sports is also regarded as a pure consumer sector, which is to win glory for the country. It invests in matter and produces spirit. No one thinks that sports can also become an industrial sector, and the social and economic functions of sports have not been developed outside the sports development policy under the planned system.
In fact, there is also a market for sports activities. Through cultivation and development, sports can become an important industrial sector in the national economic system. It can be seen from the hot domestic ball market and more and more commercial sports competitions in recent years. Sports industrialization is a part of the reform of socialist market economy system, and it is the inevitable result of the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength and people's living standards and the impact of international sports commercialization.
What is sports industrialization?
Sports industry refers to the industry category of production, exchange, consumption and service that enables sports products (services) to meet people's growing sports needs. From the perspective of sports, sports industry covers all sports-related economic activities, such as sports material products (sports clothes, sports equipment, sports buildings, sports food and drinks, etc.). ) and sports information products (sports advertisements, TV broadcasts, newspapers, sports information dissemination, etc. ), as well as sports services (sports competitions, fitness and entertainment, venue rental, sports tourism, etc. From 65438 to 0985, the State Council approved the statistical report of the National Bureau of Statistics on the establishment of the tertiary industry, and sports was formally incorporated into the tertiary industry, thus confirming its industrial nature. From the content of sports industry, we can see that sports industry is an industry with wide coverage and high industrial correlation, involving many departments of the national economy, such as construction, manufacturing, transportation and communication, food hygiene, information service, clothing, tourism and so on. The potential demand of sports industry is very great. The industry is purely a "human body" industry and a "life industry". It can be predicted that it will be one of the most important industrial sectors in 2 1 century. The so-called sports industrialization is a new mechanism to reform the sports system, make sports have the ability of self-development and full of vitality, make sports change from career-oriented and public-spirited to commercial, and provide sports products and services for the society. Its essence is the revolution of sports concept and the innovation of system. On the basis of adapting to the basic requirements of the socialist market economy and conforming to the laws of modern sports, it develops the economic function of sports, combines sports with economy, stimulates the demand for sports products (services) through a series of economic behaviors, expands the sports market, accelerates the process of sports industrialization, and injects new vitality into the sustainable development of the national economy.
The Development of Foreign Sports Industry
The development of sports industry depends on the social and economic development of a country. In western developed market economy countries, sports has long been an industrial sector. Especially since the 1970s, with the economic development of various countries, the scale of sports industry has gradually expanded, and the economic functions of sports have been continuously developed, showing a rapid and international development trend. Sports industry has become an important industrial sector of national economy in many countries, and some even become pillar industries. The development of sports industry in these countries can be summarized as follows.
1. Large scale and high output value. In the 1980s, the total output value of sports industry in the United States exceeded 60 billion dollars, surpassing petrochemical industry (53.3 billion) and automobile industry (53 1.3 billion), accounting for 1.3% of GNP, ranking 22nd in all industrial sectors of the national economy. In the mid-1990s, the output value of sports exceeded $300 billion, and the growth rate exceeded the GDP growth rate in the same period. The Italian sports industry, dominated by the "football industry", reached 24 trillion lira (65.438+0.825 billion US dollars per capita) at the end of 1980s, ranking among the top ten economic sectors in China, and now it is about 50 billion US dollars. At the end of 1980s, the British sports output value was 6.85 billion pounds, and the government got 2.4 billion pounds of tax from the sports industry, which was equivalent to five times of the government's investment in sports. Other developed countries, such as France, Germany and Japan, have considerable sports industries. Since 1990s, due to the increasingly obvious role of sports in promoting economy, some developed countries have put forward the concept of "gross national sports output value".
2. There are many employees and great influence. Sports industry is a huge economic sector. For example, there are nearly one million professional athletes in the United States, and millions of them are engaged in the sports industry, while the number of people who often participate in physical exercise in their spare time is 65.438+0.8 billion. The "three big balls" in the United States-baseball, rugby and basketball-attract hundreds of millions of fans to watch and participate every year. The Hong Kong Jockey Club attracts millions of people to participate every year, and the amount of bets exceeds HK$ 654.38+000 billion, with an average of HK$ 23,000 per person, which brings a lot of revenue to the government. Sports events in developed countries have become an indispensable part of people's daily life, affecting hundreds of millions of people and injecting great vitality into the economic and cultural life of the whole society.
3. Wide coverage and high industrial relevance. Modern sports is a far-reaching social activity, attracting the participation of many industry departments. Many famous multinational companies in the world, such as Coca-Cola Company and Philips Company, have formed an indissoluble bond with sports. Large-scale comprehensive sports meeting is a complex system engineering, involving traffic and communication, TV advertising, venue construction and many other links. 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games and 1988 Hancheng Olympic Games brought good economic development opportunities for Japan and South Korea, which became the symbol of their economic take-off.
4. Internationalization trend. With the process of global economic integration, the modern sports industry is increasingly moving towards international management, and many famous multinational companies such as Adidas and Nike have been formed. The naming right of the Chinese Football League was bought by Marlboro Group, and the FA Cup was sponsored by Philips, which greatly promoted the rapid development of the football market in China.
It can be seen that the sports industry has become a veritable important economic sector in developed countries and an indispensable part of the national economic system.
Development and Countermeasures of Sports Industry in China
The sports sector is an economic sector characterized by special modes of production. For a long time in the past, the relationship between sports and economy in China was manifested in the relationship between sports and finance, and sports was a pure consumption department. The amount of national financial investment in sports not only affects the speed and structure of sports development and growth, but also indirectly determines the impact of sports growth on economic growth. The proportion and structure of financial investment in sports, besides ideology, concept and national sports policy, economic aggregate is the decisive factor. Sports industry is based on social and economic development and is in harmony with social and economic structure and development level. Its management system, operation mechanism, development scale and level depend on a country's material structure and economic development level. Objectively speaking, as an economic sector, sports has not yet become an independent and perfect industry in China's national economic system. The development of sports industry depends on the cultivation and development of sports market. To cultivate the market, we should make a fuss about the factors that affect the formation and development of the market. Only in this way can the market mechanism be used to rationally allocate and efficiently use sports resources and improve the overall efficiency of sports serving the society. At present, China's per capita income level has greatly increased, people's leisure time has increased, and the demand for sports products (services) will increase. In this case, it is the only way for sports industrialization to lose no time in bringing some sports products with good mass base and easy to form market demand to the market. Sports should not only be a department that consumes national resources, but a sports industry that integrates hard work, hard work, artistic fitness and inspiring national spirit should become a new growth point for the sustainable development of the national economy. At present, the process of sports industrialization in China is in the initial stage, and the whole sports industry department is only in the shallow management stage such as venue rental and paid guidance. As an economic sector, sports has not reached the level of a mature industrial sector in scale, structure and level, and its economic function is far from being brought into play. Fortunately, the central government and many local governments have realized this and are gradually improving this situation. For example, in 1995, the income of Shanghai's sports industry reached1000,000 yuan, and many sports departments in Shanghai have fully possessed the ability of self-survival and development through industrialized operation. During the period of 1997, with the holding of the 8th National Games as an opportunity, Shanghai carried out all-round reform of the city's sports undertakings, striving to make it a pillar industry of the tertiary industry by the beginning of the next century. Other provinces and cities in China have also adopted various policies and measures to accelerate sports industrialization. But generally speaking, the current level of sports industry in China is not in harmony with the national conditions. In view of the current situation, I think we can start from the following aspects.
1. When formulating industrial policies in the future, the state should give preferential treatment to the sports sector and give tax and other support to encourage the development of sports, production, marketing and commercial sectors.
2. In the investment system, we should rely solely on the national financial allocation to generate income for the sports department and raise funds from the society, and pay attention to introducing foreign capital to form a diversified investment system.
3. Carry out the sports industry association system and club system, establish a socialized mass sports organization network, and form an all-round social sports pattern.
4. Cultivate and improve the sports market, gradually establish sports goods, services and information markets, and form an all-round market system.
5. It is necessary to strengthen the theoretical research of sports economy and cultivate a group of talents who know both sports and management to meet the needs of the continuous development of sports industry.
6. Accelerating the professionalization of sports is the only way for sports industrialization. Its important features are: first, the organizer must be an enterprise legal person, such as the music department; Second, athletes are commodities, that is, athletes can flow freely like other factors of production. Only in this way can we really improve the technical level of athletes and improve the operational efficiency of sports departments.
At present, China's economic development level is not too high, and it is impossible to carry out all-round reform of all projects. The best way is to find a breakthrough, from point to point, by cultivating several influential sports markets to stimulate the demand for sports, and then expand to other projects, forming a pattern of sports industrialization.
Sports industry is still a young industry category in China. It is believed that with the further development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, more people will engage in and care about sports, and sports will surely become an important industrial sector in China in the 2 1 century.