I. Introduction

With the increasing degree of environmental pollution in China, especially the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, environmental monitoring has made rapid development. Environmental monitoring has developed for more than half a century since its birth. Throughout its development process, environmental monitoring has roughly experienced three stages: typical pollution accident investigation, environmental pollution supervision and environmental quality monitoring. In particular, the development process shows that environmental monitoring pays more and more attention to the prevention of major environmental pollution accidents in advance, and it is more and more scientific.

Facing the increasingly severe environmental situation in China, environmental monitoring has played an important role in promoting the development of environmental protection in China. However, we should also be soberly aware that compared with the international advanced level, there is still a big gap in supporting technical level, monitoring management, personnel quality, fund input, working system and operating mechanism of environmental monitoring in China, which makes some problems and deficiencies generally exist in current environmental monitoring in China. In the following, the author analyzes the problems existing in environmental monitoring, and on this basis, discusses the measures and methods to solve the current problems.

Second, the analysis of problems existing in environmental monitoring

1. Monitoring methods are relatively backward.

China's environmental monitoring methods are relatively backward and outdated, and different types of pollutants usually adopt different sampling and analysis methods, but these methods obviously lack the necessary systematicness and do not form a complete system. For example, at present, developed countries in Europe and America have generally carried out systematic research on POPs. Although some domestic research institutions and universities have also carried out research on POPs background pollution, the environmental media and geographical scope of the research are obviously insufficient. At present, China's environmental monitoring department is unable to carry out routine monitoring and investigation of POPs, mainly because China has not yet formulated a standardized monitoring method that conforms to China's national conditions and has been uniformly promulgated and implemented, and China's environmental monitoring department has not yet met the requirements in terms of equipment, personnel and investment. At present, the research results of POPs can't truly and comprehensively reflect the pollution degree of POPs in China's biology, soil, atmosphere and water, so it is impossible to analyze and study the source of POPs pollution and its harm degree.

2. Emergency monitoring technology is still not systematic.

At present, China's environmental monitoring departments do not have a complete and systematic emergency monitoring technology system, which makes it difficult for environmental monitoring departments to make timely and effective responses when major and sudden environmental pollution accidents occur. There is a big mismatch between the existing standard monitoring schemes in the dynamic monitoring of environmental pollution, especially in the field monitoring. The cost of environmental monitoring and the analysis of monitoring results are high and lack of economy. Emergency monitoring equipment and instruments are relatively backward. Some emergency monitoring equipment and instruments need to be monitored by nonstandard methods, and the obtained monitoring data can only be semi-quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. At the same time, we should also realize that the particularity of China's national conditions restricts the systematization of emergency monitoring technology, that is, the vast territory, complex terrain and different levels of economic development, and environmental monitoring departments can only carry out environmental monitoring work within their capabilities.

3. The monitoring results are not comprehensive

The reasons why China's environmental monitoring results can't fully reflect the environmental pollution situation are reflected in four aspects: monitoring indicators, monitoring elements, monitoring frequency and evaluation methods.

(1) Monitoring indicators.

At present, the environmental monitoring indicators implemented and adopted in China can not fully adapt to China's environmental conditions. The reasons are as follows: first, the environmental monitoring project does not reflect the pertinence, and there is the problem of repeated monitoring; Secondly, some harmful parameters that can represent the pollution situation are omitted, which delays the pollution indicators that should be added. For example, some developed countries in Europe and America have effectively controlled characteristic toxic pollutants, but the organic pollution control indicators of environmental monitoring in China still use non-specific indicators (such as non-methane total hydrocarbons, petroleum, chemical oxygen demand, etc.). In real life, the environmental monitoring department is rather embarrassed that according to the current monitoring factors and index system evaluation, the environmental quality is obviously "good", but the actual feelings of the masses are "poor".

(2) Monitoring elements.

At present, we still don't monitor the environmental factors such as biology, atmospheric particles, solid waste, sediments and soil, so it is difficult to truly reflect the current environmental situation.

(3) Monitoring frequency.

At present, the frequency of environmental monitoring is obviously low, which leads to the lack of necessary continuity of the obtained environmental monitoring results, and it is difficult to truly and accurately reflect the current actual environmental situation, resulting in the passivity of environmental management.

(4) Evaluation method.

In the evaluation of environmental monitoring results, the method of comparative analysis between the detected value and the control standard value is usually used to judge the environmental evaluation results by whether they exceed the standard. This EIA method not only does not deeply process the environmental monitoring data, but also wastes resources and lacks the analysis of the background and correlation of the testing data.

Third, the solution

1. Study the rapid monitoring technology of sudden pollution accidents.

First, adopt various emergency and early warning means. On-site rapid analysis is one of the means of emergency monitoring. Emergency instruments, including mobile monitoring vehicles, should be fully prepared before emergency monitoring "actual combat", establish corresponding emergency monitoring method standards, or master the differences between the data released by emergency instruments and the classical standard methods, so as to improve the grasp of reported data in practical application.

Second, environmental monitoring stations with scientific research strength can jointly develop cheap and practical rapid detection instruments, and environmental monitoring stations with economic strength can purchase imported equipment, but accelerating the introduction of foreign technology and localization of foreign instruments is the way out for the development of environmental monitoring instruments.

2. Standardize monitoring methods.

Based on the fact that many toxic pollutants can accumulate, migrate and transform in the environment, it is necessary to develop and standardize the monitoring methods of pollutants in multi-environmental media (water/suspended matter/sediment/atmosphere/soil/biological interface) in order to facilitate pollution investigation and research. For the target toxic and harmful pollutants, in addition to the POPs that are generally concerned internationally, we should also pay attention to local characteristic pollutants and new pollutants that have not been paid attention to at present, such as antibiotics and endocrine disruptors.

3. Scientific monitoring

First, formulate reasonable monitoring factors. According to the types and concentrations of harmful substances produced by different regions and different pollution sources, pollutants with great harm and high frequency are selected as monitoring objects, and items that have not been detected for a long time or are below the standard value are deleted.

Second, strengthen automatic continuous monitoring. Research on online continuous automatic monitoring instruments for a variety of common pollutants, and strengthen the networking and data sharing of continuous automatic monitoring systems.

Third, pay attention to biological and toxicological monitoring. In addition to physical and chemical monitoring, biological monitoring and environmental toxicology monitoring should be gradually incorporated into the environmental quality monitoring system, and the impact of pollutants on the environment and their harm to animals, plants and human beings should be detected by biotoxicology.

Fourth, effectively evaluate monitoring data. On the basis of obtaining a large number of credible environmental monitoring data, the monitoring data are statistically analyzed and deeply processed, and the background and correlation of the monitoring data itself are studied to improve the comprehensive analysis level of environmental quality.

Four. Concluding remarks

Environmental monitoring is an important information source for environmental decision-making by environmental protection departments, and also an important basic means for environmental management and protection. The main content of environmental monitoring is to understand the present situation of environmental quality, grasp the causes and trends of environmental quality changes, make clear the types of main pollutants that lead to the decline of environmental quality and their total discharge, provide necessary technical support for the smooth development of environmental protection in China, and put forward corresponding pollution prevention countermeasures and environmental protection policies on this basis.

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