"Three filters" refer to air filter, engine oil filter and gasoline filter, which are the necessary checkpoints for air, engine oil and gasoline to provide clean oil and gas for the engine, thus protecting the engine and improving its working efficiency.
1, air filter
(1) When cleaning the air filter, take out the filter element, brush the dust on the surface of the filter element along the folding direction with a soft brush, and gently pat the end face to remove the dust. At this time, it is necessary to block both ends of the filter element with clean cloth or rubber plugs to prevent the swept dust from entering the inner surface of the filter element again.
(2) Be careful not to clean the filter element with water, diesel oil or gasoline, because the dust will block the pores of the filter element after wetting, which will be self-defeating and increase the air resistance. Diesel oil will be easily sucked into the cylinder, leading to the start of the flying car after installation.
(3) If the filter element is found to be damaged, or the upper and lower end faces of the filter element are warped unevenly, or the rubber sealing ring is aged, deformed or damaged, it should be replaced with a new one.
2. Oil filter
Generally, the oil should be changed every 5000 kilometers, and the oil filter should be changed at the same time.
3. Gasoline filter
(1) Pay attention to the use of 93# standard engine oil, because unqualified gasoline will cause fuel system failure and premature engine damage.
⑵ When it is found that the oil supply is insufficient, the engine power drops and the vehicle cannot run, check whether the filter element is blocked.
(3) It is generally required to replace the gasoline filter every 15000 km.
Second, the daily maintenance of lubrication system
(1) The more oil, the better.
The amount of oil in the oil pan should be controlled within the upper and lower scales of the dipstick, neither too much nor too little.
Too much oil will increase the friction resistance of all parts of the engine, and the engine power will be lost. Moreover, excessive engine oil will rush into the combustion chamber, the engine will burn engine oil, the engine oil consumption will increase obviously, and the carbon deposition inside the engine will increase, even leading to premature combustion, knocking and cylinder pulling, which will seriously damage the engine. It is really the loss of oil and the loss of soldiers.
On the other hand, if the oil is too little, some parts of the engine can't get enough lubrication, which leads to abnormal wear of parts.
⑵ Check the oil.
Checking the oil quantity regularly is an important task in daily maintenance.
1. When checking the oil level, the car must be kept in a horizontal position. After the engine stops, wait a few minutes so that the oil can return to the oil pan.
4. Take out the dipstick, dry it with a clean cloth, and then reinsert the dipstick until it gets stuck.
3. Then take out the dipstick again and observe whether the oil level is between the highest and dmin.
If the oil level is lower than the mark below, according to the requirements in the user's manual or the suggestion of the service station, add the same kind of engine oil that meets the product specifications. About one liter of engine oil can make the oil film on the dipstick level online.
(3) Inspection of engine oil quality
While checking the oil level, you can also check the quality of the oil by observing words and smelling by hand, so that you can know the lubrication of the engine at any time.
Visual inspection: If the oil stain is clean and clear, blue-brown or green-brown, it means that the oil stain is very light.
If there are water drops or yellowish emulsion on the surface of the oil film, it means that there is water mixed in the oil.
If the oil is grayish black, it means that the oil has been seriously polluted, and the oil should be replaced in time.
Nose smell: If you can smell a strong smell of gasoline with your nose, it means that the cylinder, piston ring, piston and other parts are seriously worn, leading to the leakage of mixed gas and waste gas into the oil pan. At this time, you should go to the maintenance station for maintenance in time.
Feel: pinch a small amount of engine oil by hand. If the hand feels rough, it means that the oil is mixed with a lot of impurities such as metal chips;
If you feel that the oil is thin, it is probably caused by the dilution of gasoline in the mixture. You should go to the maintenance station to repair and change the oil.
If you feel that the oil is too sticky and has a gelatinous texture, it means that the oil has aged and deteriorated, and its service life has been exhausted. You should change fresh blood in time.
Third, the use and safety of the braking system
Know your car.
(1) If your car is new or the brake pads have just been changed, the braking effect in the first 200 kilometers may not be ideal, and it needs running-in to achieve the best braking effect. The braking force and braking time can be appropriately increased in advance to compensate.
⑵ After the car is waded in heavy rain or washed, the brake lining will be affected with damp, which will slightly reduce the braking effect. At this time, you should lightly step on the brake pedal when driving after starting, so that the friction between the brake disc and the brake lining generates heat, so that the water evaporates, the braking effect is restored, and the brake parts can also be prevented from rusting.
(3) If the front spoiler on your car is deformed or damaged, it will change the airflow direction, resulting in poor heat dissipation of the brake system and overheating, or even ablation of the brake disc, so the current spoiler should be repaired or replaced in time when it is damaged.
Good driving habits are the guarantee of safety.
(1) Get into the habit of trying to step on the brake pedal before driving and going downhill, and check whether the braking effect is good. If the pedal stroke suddenly increases, it may be that one of the brake circuits is out of order. At this time, the vehicle can still brake, but the braking effect is reduced, and the load of the working brake pipeline is heavy. Therefore, the vehicle cannot work for a long time in this state. It should drive at a low speed and go to the nearest maintenance station to check and troubleshoot.
⑵ Ensure that the brake pedal works normally, so as to step on the pedal to the end. Therefore, the footstool in front of the driver's seat should not be placed, so as not to slide under the brake pedal and affect the working stroke of the pedal.
(3) In addition, pay attention to check whether the brake fluid is sufficient and whether there is leakage at the brake pipe interface during daily maintenance, so that you can drive safely all the way.
Countermeasures for braking failure
(1) Be calm, the more you panic, the more likely you are to make mistakes.
⑵ Use quick downshift or jump downshift.
⑶ Use the friction resistance and working resistance in the engine to drag the car.
(4) Try hand braking to assist foot braking, forcing the car to slow down.
5] See the road clearly, grasp the direction, try to let the car walk on the road with relatively high resistance, and drive to the side of the road as a last resort.
Fourth, briefly discuss the use of tires.
(1) Pay attention to tire pressure.
Too high or too low tire pressure will cause abnormal tire wear and shorten tire life. In bad weather in winter and summer, the tire pressure can be adjusted regularly according to the advice of the maintenance service station.
(2) Avoid sudden acceleration when driving.
The sudden start of a car from a stationary state causes severe friction between the tire and the road surface and accelerates tread wear.
(3) Reduce emergency braking.
Emergency braking intensifies the local wear of the tread, which is easy to cause tire bulging and delamination. Therefore, we should use more taxiing to slow down and less braking, especially emergency braking.
⑷ Economical speed saves fuel and reduces consumption.
Driving at high speed for a long time will not only increase fuel consumption, but also make tire temperature rise sharply, and the slip rate between tire and road surface will increase, which is not good for protecting tires and parts.
5] Wheel transposition
Different loads on the front axle and rear axle of an automobile lead to uneven wear of four tires. Generally, after the new tire travels to 10000 km, it should be transposed on the same side.
[6] Pay attention to installing different tires on the same car.
Two kinds of tires with different specifications are carefully packed in the same car, because their technical parameters such as pattern design, quality and diameter are different. If two kinds of tires with different specifications are installed on the same axle, it will lead to excessive or insufficient steering and easy side slip. Light will affect the handling of the car, and heavy will cause a car accident.
Once you choose a parking place.
The choice of parking place also has a certain impact on the service life of tires, so drivers should pay attention not to park their cars on the road with oil pollution and sharp snow and ice when choosing parking places. When driving on a slope, try to avoid parking on the slope; If you need to stop driving in summer, you should choose a cool place to avoid tire exposure in the hot sun; If you need to stop driving in the cold season, you should choose a sheltered and sunny place to prevent the tires from freezing with the ground.
Worn tires should be eliminated in time.
As for the elimination of tires, it depends on the degree of wear and tear. When the wear marks are exposed, they should be replaced. Don't delay! At this time, the tires are already in a dangerous state, which will increase fuel consumption. In addition, for the sake of safety, the tires should be replaced in pairs so that the newly changed tires can play a good role.
Five or eight points for attention in battery use
Battery is one of the main power sources of automobile, and it is also a component with relatively short life. It should be well maintained when used, otherwise it will easily lead to premature damage. If it complains, the whole car will be paralyzed.
(1) Always scrub the electrolyte and dirt on the shell and the pole clamp with warm water, and then apply a layer of vaseline oil film to avoid corrosion of the pole and clamp, and keep the shell dry and clean.
(2) Check the liquid level of electrolyte and keep the liquid level between the maximum Dmin marks. If the liquid level is too low, timely add distilled water. After adding distilled water in winter, immediately run the engine for a few minutes to mix the electrolyte evenly and prevent the newly added distilled water from freezing. When adding distilled water, it is necessary to prevent impurities such as iron filings from falling into the battery.
(3) Pay attention to tighten the plug of the liquid injection hole and keep the vent hole on the plug unobstructed, otherwise the gas generated when the battery works will damage the casing.
(4) Pay attention to distinguish the positive and negative poles of the battery when loading, so as to ensure that the grounding polarity is correct, so as not to damage the generator. When dismantling, first dismantle the ground wire, and then dismantle the fire wire; During installation, the live wire should be installed first, and then the ground wire should be installed to avoid electric sparks.
(5) Be careful not to use the starter continuously. Each start should not exceed 5s, and the interval between two starts should be 10s-D 15s, so as to avoid the damage caused by a large amount of discharge.
(6) Pay attention to replenish the battery in time when the battery power is insufficient; Check and adjust the electrolyte density of the maintenance station according to the seasonal changes; The electrolyte used should be pure, and the electrolyte should be prepared with high-purity sulfuric acid and distilled water.
(7) Pay attention to the surface condition of the shell. If the sealing glue is cracked, the shell is damaged, and the pole is seriously worn or broken, it should be repaired in time.
(8) Pay attention to special insulation and anti-freezing measures when using at low temperature, and preheat the engine in advance to prevent the cold machine from starting, resulting in a large amount of battery discharge.
Six, clever hand window protection
(1) Always keep the window clean, clean up the dirt in the rubber strip, and then apply a small amount of rubber maintenance agent, which will help to lubricate and prevent the rubber strip from cracking and aging.
Another reason why the window doesn't move smoothly is that the oil in the elevator is used up. Take the elevator apart by yourself and spray grease on the inside of the gear. By moving up and down during spraying, very small parts can be coated with grease.
(3) If the glass can't go up and down at all, it may be a switch failure. It is common sense to check the fuse. Read the instruction manual and carefully check the fuse used in the power window. See if it blows. If it burns out, replace it and replace it with a fuse of the same model.
Seven, the correct use of seat belts
1, the use of seat belts
Seat, headrest, seat belt and airbag can effectively protect passengers' safety, but if they are used improperly, their performance may be affected and the protection effect will not reach the expectation. The following are some precautions for using seat belts.
(1) When riding, you should sit up straight, with your back close to the seat, and the inclination of the seat back should not exceed 30 degrees, so as to give full play to the performance of the seat belt and protect the safety of passengers.
⑵ Clothes that are too thick in winter will make the safety belt slow to respond and cannot give full play to the best protection effect.
(3) Pay attention to the method when wearing your seat belt. The waist safety belt should hold the pelvic part, and the shoulder safety belt should be inclined through the middle of the shoulder and close to the body. Be careful not to let the seat belt pass through the neck to avoid accidents.
(4) When fastening the seat belt, insert the tongue into the buckle until you hear a click, which means that the seat belt has been locked correctly. If you can't pull out the seat belt, pull it hard and then release it. The seat belt can be pulled out smoothly, but you can't pull it too hard, otherwise the seat belt will automatically lock.
5] The seat belt cannot be removed casually. If there is any problem, please have it repaired by professionals. When cleaning, use car cleaner or warm water to clean, dry naturally, and do not use artificial heating methods such as baking, which will affect the safety performance and service life of seat belts.
[6] Seat belts can only be used by one person, and two people (including children) cannot use seat belts. Be careful not to twist the seat belt when using it, otherwise it will affect the use effect.
2. Precautions for using airbags
Only the combination of seat, headrest, seat belt and airbag can protect the safety of passengers most effectively, and the correct use method is the guarantee of safety.
(1) When driving a car equipped with an airbag, you must fasten your seat belt to avoid impact injury to people after the airbag explodes and pops up.
⑵ Do not put items on the airbag surface of the steering wheel to prevent accidental ejection.
⑶ Non-professionals, don't check and disassemble the airbag without authorization, which may cause accidental injury to you.
(4) After the collision accident, whether the airbag is detonated or not, the maintenance station personnel should be required to conduct a comprehensive overhaul of the relevant safety systems.