Question 2: What are the contents of scientific research achievements? A: The management of scientific research achievements includes summary, appraisal, application, popularization and achievement award. (1) collation and summary of scientific research data: scientifically process the obtained data to make it systematic and orderly, and facilitate statistical analysis. Writing academic summary reports or academic papers and work summaries; (2) Identification of scientific research achievements: the academic committee is responsible for organizing appraisal; (3) Application and popularization of scientific research achievements: through the application and popularization of achievements, social and economic benefits are achieved, and the nursing quality and academic level are improved;
Question 3: What are the manifestations of educational scientific research achievements?
1. Explain the problem with facts (report) V. Investigation education report, education measurement report, education investigation and research report, education experience summary report and education experiment research report V. Requirements: the materials are specific and typical, the format is standardized, the research process and methods are scientific and objective, and the results are reasonable to explain. 2. Works and papers: monographs, compilations, discussions, comments and summaries. Five requirements: clear views. Clearly show the formation process of theoretical viewpoints and systems. 3. Policy consultation: policy suggestions, development planning and other four technical products: reference books, teaching materials, resource libraries, databases, audio and video, audio and video, courseware, online courses, software, physical models, simulation systems, network environment, learning platforms, etc. There are mainly research reports, achievement reports, research reports, research papers and cases, followed by experience summary and reflection. For example, the expected result of "Research on Effective Activity Mode of School-based Teaching and Research in a Middle School": 1. Research Report: Investigation on the Present Situation of School-based Teaching and Research in a Middle School II. Research Report: Research on Effective Activity Mode of School-based Teaching and Research in a Middle School III. Monograph: A set of experience on effective activity mode of school-based teaching and research in a middle school 4. Teaching case set: Case set of effective activity mode of school-based teaching and research in a middle school 5. Typical Case: Research on Effective Activity Mode of School-based Teaching and Research
Question 4: What are the presentation forms of the project results and the writing of the phased summary of the project research?
The phased summary of research is a comprehensive and systematic review and inspection of past scientific research work.
This summary mainly includes three parts: title, text and signature. The title should be consistent with the content, generally expressed in the form corresponding to the title of the stage plan or in the form of main title plus subtitle, so as to clarify or highlight the summarized content.
The text usually includes three parts: overview, basic practices and results, conclusion and discussion. After explaining the basic situation of the research and the basic viewpoints of the whole paper, the introduction should state the content and specific methods of the research, explain the research results, analyze the achievements, experiences and existing problems, and finally make necessary discussions and put forward future plans.
Specifically, it should include two aspects: 1, review of phased research work.
That is, according to the project research promotion plan (progress plan) at this stage, the main research work carried out at this stage (school year or semester) is summarized. This is an important basis for writing a research report at the end of the project.
Specifically, we should focus on the research work at this stage from the following three aspects: ① What activities have been carried out at the school level (such as training, investigation, observation and discussion). )? What organizational management measures have been taken? At the teacher level, how is the research progressing? (2) Whether the goals set by stages have been achieved.
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Become? What achievements have been made and what results have been received? What are the typical examples? ③ What are the shortcomings of this study? What problems or puzzles have you encountered during the investigation? What implications does this have for future research?
2. Organize the research results in stages.
That is, according to the research promotion plan (progress plan) at this stage, the main research results obtained at this stage (school year or semester) are refined. This is an important basis for writing the project research report at the end of the project.
Specifically, we can focus on the following two aspects: ① Explicit research results, including two types: one is factual results, such as effective experience (practice) summary, special research papers, typical lesson plans, excellent educational stories or educational essays; Second, data results, such as dependent variable survey materials of individuals or groups (questionnaire statistics, performance analysis); (2) Implicit research results, including: the growth of students in all aspects, the professional development of teachers, the connotation development of schools, social effects, and so on.
The combing of results is not a simple listing of results. As far as research is concerned, the above results can only be regarded as original results. Therefore, for the person in charge of the project, two tasks should be done well: one is to sort out the above-mentioned original results, remove the rough and extract the fine, and eliminate the invalid or irrelevant results; The second is to accurately grasp the variable factors of the subject research, logically classify and refine the above-mentioned original results, and then study the phased research results of the whole subject based on facts and data.
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It is necessary to integrate and improve the results and extract the scientific and regular essence from them, so that the research results of the subject are based on the original results and higher than the original experience.
Signed it. The author's signature of the abstract is written directly below the title, and the date of the abstract is indicated at the bottom right of the article.
(It consists of introduction and text. What is the basis of the introduction, for what purpose, and what problems or situations are summarized as follows. Writing methods, achievements and shortcomings, experiences and lessons, problems and suggestions, etc. )
Question 5: What does the result form mean? Is it a paper or a report? 1. Meeting appraisal? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by peer experts in the form of meetings. The evaluation results can only be made after on-the-spot investigation, testing and discussion and defense, and should be in the form of meeting appraisal. 2. Testing and identification? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by professional technical testing institutions through inspection and testing performance indicators. 3. letter review? Refers to peer experts' evaluation of scientific research results through written review of relevant technical data. The evaluation results can be made without on-site inspection, testing and defense, and should be in the form of letter appraisal.
Question 6: What are the topics of the types of scientific research materials that can be divided into various types from different angles? According to the research function, it can be divided into theoretical research topic, applied research topic and development research topic. Theoretical research topics refer to research topics aimed at revealing the essence and laws of educational phenomena and forming or developing educational scientific theories. The subject of applied research is to apply the general knowledge, principles and principles obtained from basic theoretical research, study the special laws of a local field for a specific practical problem, and put forward more targeted theories and methods than theoretical research, mainly to solve practical problems. Exploratory research project is based on the first two kinds of research, aiming at developing useful teaching products. Educational products include not only tangible products such as teaching materials and slides, but also intangible products such as operational education and teaching methods or strategies and procedures for organizing education and teaching. In addition, according to the depth of research, it can be divided into descriptive topics, causal topics and predictive topics, and according to the source of topics, it can also be divided into bidding topics and self-made topics; According to the different research objects, it can be divided into education topics, management topics, teaching topics, teaching science and technology topics and so on. (1), which can be divided into basic theoretical research and applied research according to research fields. (1) Basic theoretical research Basic theoretical research is to prompt the essence of educational phenomena, clarify the objective laws of education, summarize the basic educational theoretical principles of education, and develop and improve educational theories. Through the objective laws of education, we can discover new facts, discover new theories and re-evaluate the original theories. Answered the question of "why", which is highly abstract, systematic in theory, long-term in benefit and relevant in research. For example, the research on the essence of education, the teleology of education, the law of teaching process, and the evaluation of education aims at establishing a modern scientific theory of education with China characteristics. (2) Applied research It is a scientific experiment and technical research aimed at specific practical application goals. Educational applied research has practical application value, which is to transform the basic theoretical knowledge of educational science into educational skills, educational methods, educational means and educational programs. Combine educational theory with educational practice to achieve a specific and predetermined goal. This kind of research is to answer the question of "what is it", directly solve the practical problems in education management and education reform, and is the key link of integrating theory with practice. Its research feature is to make the basic theoretical research results concrete and practical. At present, most educational research is applied research. For example, the reform of school management system, the investigation and countermeasures of brain drain of primary and secondary school students, the mental health of primary and secondary school students, the modernization of teachers, the transformation of weak schools, and the development of teenagers' potential. (2) According to the scope of research, it can be divided into macro research, meso research and micro research. It includes two aspects: first, the relationship between education and the outside, such as education and political economy, education and social development, education and population; The second is the study of comprehensive problems in education, such as education development, education policy, education structure, education management, education investment and so on. Second, the field of meso-research is between macro-research and micro-research, which is a range, a field, a front and a department of educational science research. For example: early childhood education research, primary education research, vocational education research, adult education research, rural education research, normal education research, special education research, audio-visual education research and so on. (3) Micro-research is a concrete and detailed study of a single factor in education. This kind of research is based on the reality of education and teaching, and often aims at a certain problem, such as school moral education research, Chinese teaching method research, poor students' learning disabilities research and so on. (3) According to the level of research, it can be divided into interpretive approach, comprehensive research and creative research. (1) interpretive approach interpretive approach is a simple research. Through its own understanding and verification, it narrates and explains educational phenomena and existing educational laws and theories. Interpretive approach is a low-level research, a general description of various educational theories, and more about explaining other people's arguments. Although interpretive approach is a simple research, it is indispensable in scientific research. You can ask questions, reveal disadvantages, describe phenomena and introduce experiences, which is conducive to popularization. In educational and scientific research activities, there are various investigations that reveal problems; A description of the actual problem; Have opinions on some current situations, etc ... >>
Question 7: What do you mean by the form of the result? It is a paper or report.
1, meeting appraisal? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by peer experts in the form of meetings. The evaluation results can only be made after on-the-spot investigation, testing and discussion and defense, and should be in the form of meeting appraisal.
2. Testing and identification? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by professional technical testing institutions through inspection and testing performance indicators.
3. letter review? Refers to peer experts' evaluation of scientific research results through written review of relevant technical data. The evaluation results can be made without on-site inspection, testing and defense, and should be in the form of letter appraisal.
Question 8: What are the final presentation forms of the research results? Please specify the specific type and name of the result. Hello.
What are the main manifestations of research results? What does each specific mean?
Answer content:
Teachers in primary and secondary schools should make a comprehensive review and summary of the whole research process after completing the research on a certain problem in combination with their own work. On this basis, written materials that generally reflect the whole research process and knowledge gained are put forward, so as to provide necessary information to others and achieve the purpose of mutual exchange and promotion of development. Writing about the research process and results is the expression of educational scientific research achievements.
First, the main manifestations of research results
There are various forms of expression of educational research results in primary and secondary schools, and the expression forms of research results are different with different research tasks. However, written language is the main expression, which is conducive to the mutual exchange and discussion between the results and the preservation and inheritance of the results. Generally speaking, there are two forms of educational scientific research achievements: one is educational scientific research report, and the other is educational scientific research paper.
(1) research report
In educational research activities, primary and secondary school teachers, in order to test an educational theory or hypothesis, carry out relevant practical exploration, and truthfully describe and record the research results through observation, analysis, synthesis and judgment, which is a written report. Educational research report is a document describing the achievements or progress of educational research work, a document reporting the situation, new discoveries and new achievements, and a style often used by educators. Its outstanding feature is to explain and illustrate problems with facts and data. This is a style widely used by educational researchers. According to the different contents and methods of educational research, there are different research reports, including education survey report, education experimental research report, action research report, experience summary report and case study report.
(2) Academic papers
Academic thesis is a theoretical article in which educational researchers systematically and specially study and discuss specific educational problems, phenomena, documents or theories by using certain research methods, and draw new conclusions, put forward new viewpoints, make new explanations and put forward new arguments. It focuses on the theoretical understanding of a certain thing and a certain problem, and requires that a new viewpoint or a new theoretical system can be put forward and explained and demonstrated. This kind of paper uses profound philosophy and strict logical argument to explain the problem, and is generally applied to theoretical research results. It requires clear arguments, conclusive arguments, rigorous discussion, and clearly showing the formation process of theoretical viewpoints and systems.
(c) Comparison between research reports and academic papers
Research reports and academic papers are two forms of expression of educational and scientific research achievements in primary and secondary schools, which are both different and related.
1. There are some differences in content requirements between research reports and academic papers.
Generally speaking, the paper is concise, and only highlights the most important, wonderful and creative content in a research work. The paper contains new ideas or forms new explanations, new arguments and new theories, without a description of the general research process and too many specific materials; Scientific research report can include all the important processes, methods and links of the whole research work.
2. There are differences in innovation between research reports and academic papers.
In terms of innovation, academic papers must put forward new ideas and theories on the basis of fully occupying a large number of documents, so as to supplement the shortcomings of existing research, correct the deviation of popular sayings, fill in the blank of research and reach a new height of existing research; The research report focuses on stating the facts and data of the research process and explaining the problems, and it is not necessary to form innovative views.