Total length 1000 words: a brief analysis of the evolution of American global strategy after the cold war.
Abstract: This paper mainly discusses the adjustment and evolution of American global strategy after the end of the Cold War.
Keywords: Cold War American global strategy
With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War also came to an end. After that, the United States became the only superpower in the world. With the development of America's new economy, the continuous improvement of its comprehensive national strength and the further strengthening of its relative strategic advantages in the 1990s, the United States has adjusted its global strategy accordingly. Since the end of the Cold War, the global strategy of the United States has roughly experienced the Clinton administration, the Bush administration and the current Obama administration. Although the global strategy of the United States has its distinctive characteristics in these periods, the core content of its global strategy has never changed, that is, to achieve the leading position of the United States in the world.
1. Clinton Administration (1993 -200 1): The strategy of "participation in expansion" was just after the end of the Cold War. In order to ensure America's "economic security", deal with the threats after the Cold War and ensure America's leading position in the world, the Clinton administration formally put forward the strategy of "participation and expansion" in July 1994. this is
1. Politically, it is proposed to expand western democracy and promote national transformation of great strategic significance to western democratic system; Consolidate the "new" democratic regimes in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and Latin America; Actively promote "one-transcendence"; Prevent the rise of emerging powers in any region from challenging the global interests of the United States.
2. Economically, raise the development of American economy to the height of its global strategic position and carry out "economic diplomacy"; Strengthen strategic ties and policy coordination among the original allies; Promote global economic liberalization; From a strategic point of view, it is proposed to occupy emerging markets and ensure energy security.
3. Militarily, put forward a trinity military security strategy of "shaping", "reacting" and "preparing" to respond to crises at any time and prepare for future challenges.
Second, the Bush administration (200 1 -2009): "preemptive strike"
Strategy and "global democratization" strategy
In the 1990s, with the rise of the "new economy" promoted by information technology and high technology in the United States, it greatly promoted the development of American economy, which also stimulated American global hegemonism. After the Bush administration came to power, American economic growth began to slow down, and the global pattern also changed. The Bush administration first put forward the strategy of "preemptive strike", and then put forward the strategy of "global democratization" in its second term. Its main contents are as follows:
1. Counter-terrorism has become a priority strategic agenda of the United States. After the "9. 1 1" incident, the United States took terrorism as the primary threat, actively adjusted its military security strategy, "preemptively" militarily, developed and deployed a missile defense system, and adjusted its nuclear strategy.
2. Adopt "a la carte multilateralism". On the one hand, using multilateralism to achieve the purpose of counter-terrorism; On the other hand, resolutely get rid of the restrictions on its power and action by multilateral mechanisms and multilateral cooperation, and tend to adopt unilateralism when restricted.
3. Adjust the global geo-strategy and build a new international security framework. While continuing to attach importance to Europe, we will enhance the strategic position of the Middle East and Southwest Asia and maintain the stability of Latin America and Africa.
4. Promote democratization worldwide. Promote the concepts of "democracy" and "freedom" to the world through offensive diplomatic, military and economic means, so as to defend and promote the interests of the United States.
Third, the global strategic adjustment of the United States after Obama took office (2009-present)
After Obama took office, the United States faced unprecedented difficulties in recent decades because it no longer enjoyed the cold war dividend and because it was deeply involved in the Iraq war and financial crisis. Obama's primary goal is to solve the problems left over by Iraq and get the United States out of the financial crisis as soon as possible. Through Obama's two visits and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's exposition, the basic framework of his diplomacy should be:
1. Strengthen relations with traditional allies.
2. Improve relations with China and Russia.
3. Committed to improving the bad image of America in the Islamic world.
4. Advocate dialogue with "hostile countries".
5. Emphasize cooperation with international organizations and respect for international law.
6. Adopt "smart power diplomacy" combining hard power and soft power. That is to say, the United States should use all means of the country, including all resources in the fields of politics, economy, diplomacy, military affairs, law and culture, to serve the overall goal of American foreign policy.
From the above strategic adjustments, we can see that Obama's global strategy is more diversified than George W. Bush's. Obama prefers to influence the world through "the power of example" rather than "the example of power", but its core is still to safeguard the world hegemony of the United States.
In short, after the end of the Cold War, the global strategy of the United States evolved from the Clinton administration's "participation and expansion" strategy to the Bush administration's "preemptive strike" strategy and the "global democratization" strategy proposed in his second term, and then to Obama's new strategic adjustment. Although the three governments have put forward their own unique global strategic frameworks, from the content analysis, the core and goal of their global strategies have never changed, that is, to ensure that the United States will be in 265438.