With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, computer, as a new science and technology, is playing an increasingly important role in the process of human civilization. The cultivation and cultivation of computer specialty meets the needs of socialist modernization, with all-round development, solid foundation, wide knowledge, strong ability, high quality and innovative spirit. The system grasps the basic theory and application skills of computer software and hardware, and has strong practical ability. It is an applied specialized technical talent who can engage in computer technology research and application, hardware, software and network technology development, computer management and maintenance in enterprises, institutions, government agencies and administrative departments. Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and knowledge of computer science and technology, receive basic training in computer research and application, and have the basic ability to research and develop computer systems. Undergraduate graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theory and knowledge of computer science and technology; 2. Master the basic methods of computer system analysis and design; 3. Have the basic ability to research and develop computer software and hardware; 4. Understand computer-related laws and regulations; 5. Understand the development of computer science and technology.
Keywords: innovation; Technical talents; Computer system; development trends
First, the status quo of computer technology
Computer technology majors have good employment prospects in many aspects, such as (1) network engineering. After graduation, students can go to large telecom service providers and large communication equipment manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad for technical development, and also go to other enterprises and institutions for design, maintenance, education and training in the field of network engineering. (2) The employment prospect of software engineering is very broad. After graduation, students can go to the information technology departments and education departments of many software enterprises, state organs, large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions at home and abroad to engage in technical development, teaching, scientific research and management in the field of software engineering. You can also continue to study for postgraduate students majoring in computer science and technology and master of software engineering. (3) After graduation, students majoring in communication can engage in research, teaching and engineering of communication technology and electronic technology in information industry, finance, post and telecommunications, transportation, national defense, universities and scientific research institutions. (4) The major of network and information security is wide-ranging, and the main subjects are information security and network engineering. After graduation, students can be senior professional engineers and technicians engaged in computer network system and information security management and service in government, national defense, military, telecommunications, electric power, finance, railway and other departments. And can continue to study for a master's degree in information security, communication, information processing, computer software and other related disciplines.
Second, the demand analysis of computer technology
The demand for computer application professionals in China will increase by about 1 10,000 every year. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Personnel, there are eight categories of talents urgently needed in China in the next few years: high-tech talents represented by electronic technology, bioengineering, aerospace technology, marine utilization, new energy and new materials; Information technology talents; Mechanical and electrical integration professional and technical personnel; Agricultural science and technology talents; Environmental protection technicians; Bioengineering R&D talents; International trade talents; Lawyer talent. The demand for talents in professional fields jointly investigated by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Information Industry, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Health shows that with the continuous expansion of China's software industry, the contradiction of software talent structure is increasingly prominent, and the talent structure is olive-shaped, with two small ends and a large middle. There are not only high-level system analysts and project chief designers, but also a large number of people engaged in basic development. According to the reasonable proportion of talent structure, by 2005, China needs 60,000 senior software talents, 280,000 intermediate software talents and 460,000 junior software talents, plus enterprises, communities, institutions, schools and other fields. According to preliminary estimates, the demand for computer application professionals in China will increase by about 1 10,000 people every year. And the demand for CNC talents is increasing year by year. Blue-collar CNC technicians refer to skilled workers who undertake CNC machine tools and gymnastics, accounting for 70.2% of the CNC technical posts in enterprises, and are the most demanding CNC technical workers at present; Technicians and CNC machine tool maintenance personnel who undertake CNC programming account for 25% of the enterprise's CNC technical posts, among which CNC programming technicians account for 12.6% and CNC machine tool maintenance personnel account for 12.4%. With a large number of imported equipment, the demand for CNC talents will increase significantly. Moreover, in recent years, the demand for talents in the telecommunications industry has also continued to grow. The demand of telecommunication enterprises for communication technology talents, especially for graduates majoring in communication engineering, computer science and technology, information engineering and electronic information engineering, continues to grow. With the increasingly fierce competition in the telecommunications market from domestic to international, the requirements for talent levels are constantly upgrading, that is, from undergraduate and junior college students to master students and doctoral students. Marketing talents are also the demand highlight of the telecommunications industry. With the transformation of telecom market from seller's market to buyer's market in the past, telecom enterprises began to enrich the marketing team, and people who know both technology and marketing will be very popular. With the rapid development of economy, the role of software talents is becoming more and more important. Statistics from the education department and job fairs all over the country reflect that there is a huge demand for electronic information professionals such as information computers, microelectronics and communications, and graduates are in short supply. On the whole, the employment market of electronic information graduates is very promising, and it will continue to be hot in 10 years. Network talents are becoming more and more popular, among which the most popular are the following three types of talents: software engineers, game designers and network security engineers.
Third, the development trend of computer technology
In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, the social demand is still great in the short term, and the employment market for computer graduates has broad prospects. Judging from the development of the global IT industry, after several years of sluggish development, IT industry has gone out of the trough and has the potential to make a comeback, and IT industry is showing more and more vigorous vitality in the development of the national economy. Judging from the situation in China, the talents engaged in computer software development are far lower than those in developed countries. The number of people engaged in computer software development in the United States exceeds 6.5438+0.8 million, in India, 900,000, and in China, less than 400,000. This shows that the shortage of computer software talents in China will seriously restrict the development of IT industry in China, especially directly affect the economic development and social progress in China. At the same time, due to the unbalanced economic and social development in China, there is a big gap between the east and the west and between urban and rural areas, especially in backward areas of China, and computer professionals are urgently needed. Therefore, with the continuous development of China's economy, the demand for computer professionals will still be great in a certain period of time. On the other hand, with the increase of computer graduates, the employment competition will be more intense. According to relevant data, by 2003, there were 1683 universities and 679 undergraduate schools in China, of which 505 were opened. Computer science and technology? Specialty is the first major in China; In 2003, there were 270,000 students majoring in computer science, accounting for 14.6% of the total number of students majoring in science and engineering, and 630,000 students majoring in information technology. In other words, the number of students majoring in information technology and computer science accounts for 1/3 of all science and engineering students in China. This will inevitably lead to more intense employment competition for computer graduates. By the end of 2005, the average number of employees in China's electronic information products manufacturing industry was 3.228 million, of which workers accounted for about 6 0%, and the proportion of engineering and technical personnel and management personnel was low, which was far from meeting the needs of the development of electronic information industry. The contradiction between supply and demand of talents in software industry is particularly prominent. In 2002, there were 592,000 employees in the national software industry, including 6,543,8+057,000 software developers, accounting for 26.52%. At present, the average proportion of technicians in developed countries with electronic information industry is above 30%. The total number of technicians in China's electronic information industry is slightly insufficient, so China's electronic information industry can be regarded as a direction for the development of computer technology professionals.
References:
[1]: Joan Jamrich Parsons, Dan Oja. Computer culture. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 200 1
[2]. Shandong Provincial Department of Education. Fundamentals of computer culture. Dongying: China Youshi University Press, 2006.
Computer Development and Future Part II: Prediction and Future Planning of Computer Application Technology [Abstract] Computer application technology has not only developed rapidly, but also penetrated into many other disciplines. Now the development of various scientific fields benefits from the application of computer technology. With the development and rapid popularization of microcomputers, the application of computers has penetrated into all sectors of the national economy and all aspects of social life. Besides traditional applications, modern computers are also used in office automation, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, modern teaching and other fields.
[Keywords:] computer application technology; Information development; development planning
First, the current situation of computer application technology
Computer education began in primary school. Whether in urban or rural areas, computers enable people to learn information in the shortest time, connect with the whole world, and make the world develop into a large communication group. With the increasing popularity of electronic products, the sales pressure has followed. Discount promotion is inevitable, and computers are the representatives. With frequent upgrading and various brands, it is a popular electronic consumer product, and the implementation of the national policy of home appliances going to the countryside has also greatly promoted the consumption of electronic products. A very important reason is that with the progress of society, people's living standards have also improved, and computer-based facilities have become more and more perfect. Due to the accumulation of various reasons, computers have become an important electronic product in every family.
At present, computer application technology has been widely used in various fields. For example, with the general innovation of electronic products, computer education has entered the lives of all groups from cities to rural areas. Users of commercial enterprises can get information through the Internet in the shortest time, and we use computers for various entertainment activities. For example, chatting online, playing games, looking up information, listening to music and watching movies, etc. We also use computers for data storage, monitoring, software development and innovative laboratory processing. Computer application technology makes our life truly in line with digitalization and informatization, and makes us experience the convenience and quickness brought by artificial intelligence. From the perspective of education, children in major cities have been engaged in computer education since primary school. Children improve their thinking activities and judgment ability by learning computers from an early age. Therefore, computer technology has led us into an era of automation. The development of computer technology needs our constant exploration and research.
Second, the role of computer applications in society
1, social interaction increased. In an era when computer technology has not been widely used in China, letters are the most important way for people to contact and communicate. This way of information transmission is limited by time and space. Too long time will lead to information failure, and the constant change of space will also lead to information loss, which will bring inconvenience to people's lives. With the application of computer technology, this problem has been greatly improved. It only takes a few seconds for people to convey the information they want to express through the internet, which greatly increases social interaction. With the rapid development of computer application technology, it also greatly promotes the convenience of people's work and life. People can use computer application technology to hold network meetings at work, which saves both time and resources. When studying, people can make use of computer application technology, conduct distance teaching through computers, and learn more helpful knowledge through the Internet, regardless of time, space and other factors.
2. Promote the development of social informatization. Compared with western developed countries, China's computer application technology is not perfect enough, so its role in promoting social development is not so obvious. However, with the more and more extensive application of computers, complex data and information can be stored in computers, and data and information can be used as resources, which also provides basic conditions for the information development of society.
Computer application technology has not only developed rapidly, but also penetrated into many other disciplines. Nowadays, the development of various scientific fields benefits from the application of computer technology. With the development and rapid popularization of microcomputers, the application of computers has penetrated into all sectors of the national economy and all aspects of social life. Besides traditional applications, modern computers are also used in office automation, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, modern teaching and other fields.
Third, the development trend of computer applications
1, miniaturization. At present, miniaturized computers have entered small equipment such as household appliances, instruments and meters. In addition, because it is the core component in the industrial control process, these small devices are truly intelligent. With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, pocket-sized and notebook computers are more cost-effective, so they will be more popular.
2. smart. Intelligent computer application system based on modern basic science is another important trend of computer development. The new generation of intelligent computers can not only simulate the logical process of human thinking and sensory behavior, but also do what people often do? Listen. 、? Say? 、? Reading? 、? Write? 、? Think? Such as behavior process, has learning ability, reasoning ability and logical judgment ability.
3. giants. There is no contradiction between the supercomputer and the miniaturized computer here. Giant mainly refers to the computer's faster operation speed, more accurate operation, stronger functionality and larger reserve capacity. At present, China is studying the application system of giant computer, and its operation speed can reach tens of billions of times per second.
Through the above discussion, we have made a detailed analysis and discussion on the overview of computer application technology, the development status of computer application and the development trend of computer application. Computer application system plays an increasingly important role in people's work and life. It not only promotes people's life and study, accelerates the development of many enterprises, but also greatly accelerates the informatization development of our society. In the development of modern society, the application of computers will become more and more popular. With the continuous development of science and technology in China, computer application systems will have a broader development space, and accelerating the development of various industries and fields in China will also play a greater role in promoting China's economic construction.
Four, computer application development forecast and prospect
2 1 century, with the continuous development of economy and society, information technology has been continuously improved, and computer applications have also developed by leaps and bounds. China's information technology lags far behind developed countries and some developing countries. Therefore, e-commerce should catch up with developed countries in stages and gradually and steadily promote e-commerce. It is predicted that by 2030, China's economic and social informatization will reach the level of moderately developed countries, and China's coastal areas will also be synchronized with developed countries. At present, China's informatization construction is developing at a high speed, China's computer application will also enter a higher level and a new stage, and economic and social informatization will also achieve leap-forward development.
1. The Internet and its applications have been developing rapidly, and the networking level of computer applications has been significantly improved. The number of computers installed in China increased from 500,000 in 1990 to 654.38+0.2 billion in 2065.438+00. With the continuous popularization of Internet technology, the number of users has reached 200 million. Therefore, China's computer network facilities will be gradually improved, and the bandwidth and speed will also show an obvious improvement trend.
2. The level of government informatization and e-government has been significantly improved. With the basic completion of the "Golden Word" series of key application projects, China's government informatization and e-government have been greatly improved, realizing government online office, resource sharing and national supervision, and providing information services for the broad masses of the people in China.
All kinds of e-commerce are developing step by step. All kinds of electronic commerce, including B2B(BusinessToBusiness), B2G(BootToGecko) and B2C(Business to Customer), will develop in an all-round way in the fields of national economy, industry, agriculture, transportation and securities industry. The application of e-commerce in online marketing and online payment will be gradually developed and improved.
Conclusion: The role of computer technology in people's work and life has become more and more obvious. It has greatly accelerated the development of social informatization in China, and its application frequency will become more and more common. It can be seen that the development trend of computers has broad prospects, and computer application systems will also gain greater development space. Computers and networks all over the world will no longer be a dream, and social informationization and intelligence will no longer be a dream. Therefore, the continuous exploration and development of computer technology is what our country must pay attention to in the future scientific and technological economic construction.
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& gt& gt& gt More exciting next page? On the computer?