It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments and annotations, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion, which is an independent and complete essay.

1, use

Pointing out the scope, purpose, importance, tasks and preconditions of the research is not a simple repetition of the theme.

2. Method

Briefly describe the workflow of the project, what main contents have been studied, and what work has been done in this process, including objects, principles, conditions, procedures and means.

3. Results

State the important new discoveries, achievements and values after the research, including the data and results obtained through investigation, experiment and observation, and analyze its unsatisfactory limitations.

4. Conclusion

Through the research on this subject, we have drawn important conclusions, including the correct views confirmed from it, analyzed and studied it, and compared and predicted its significance in real life and the value of integrating theory with practice.

Extended data

Basic norms and principles of writing abstracts

1, define your purpose. Readers want to know why you study this, what is the focus of your research and what is the purpose.

2. Different schools and institutions have different requirements for the length of abstracts. Generally, Chinese abstracts should not exceed 300 words, English abstracts should not exceed 250 substantive words, and Chinese and English abstracts should be consistent.

Abstract is a complete essay, independent and can be used alone. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and viewpoints, the purpose of the project, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research.

3. Provide useful information. Unlike topic paragraphs, topic paragraphs may be deliberately vague, and the abstract should explain your thesis and research in limited words. Write down your summary so that readers can know exactly what you are talking about. Avoid being too specific.

4. No special characters, charts, chemical structures and mathematical expressions composed of special characters are used in the abstract, and no examples are listed.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Abstract