The development of China's painting reached a historical peak in the Song Dynasty, with the emergence of "genre painting" reflecting the lives of ordinary people, and the object of painting turned to ordinary people living in the lower classes. Qing Dynasty in Zhang Zeduan
Scenery along the Ming River is an artistic masterpiece produced in this period, which presents the bustling scene of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, to the audience in the form of a long scroll by narrative means. Its content is complex and its skills are exquisite.
Both artistic value and social value are of great significance, which can be said to be unprecedented and unprecedented.
Genre painting; Keywords; Hongqiao; Artistic value; Social value
The history of China entered the Song Dynasty, ending years of wars in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and the society gradually.
Towards stability, the agricultural economy has also developed. The development of agriculture has also brought commerce and handicrafts.
The unprecedented prosperity of industry has formed a new class of citizens, so the literature that expresses the theme of citizens' life,
Works of art also came into being, and social life painting also came into being because of the development of handicraft industry, commerce and city scale.
With the expansion and sustained economic prosperity, some painters gradually walked out of the studio and merged into the present.
Real life. So a kind of "genre painting" with the theme of citizen life appeared, which is mainly reflected in
At that time, they lived in the lower social life such as businessmen, small handicraftsmen, women and children.
Children, these ordinary characters constantly appear in the painter's pen, and also improve their
Interest in art has become the subject matter they are willing to express and the object of concern, because their lives
The actual experience is enhanced, so the performance is handy, real and vivid, which is something in previous figures.
It is rare in painting.
Especially in the Song Huizong period, the Hanlin Painting Academy was established, and the works scattered around the five dynasties were
Famous painters gradually gathered together, forming a huge lineup of painters and a complete set of paintings.
System and artistic style suitable for rulers' tastes. This is more conducive to promoting the development of painting in the Song Dynasty.
Exhibition, even reached its peak.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the late Northern Song Dynasty is a great genre painting.
The system, like a documentary, tells the audience in detail about Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Style of the times, this work is a rare one with complex content, open scenes and many characters.
Art treasures, as well as one of the most legendary paintings, have existed throughout the ages.
One of the most copied works, such as Chou Ying, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, was copied. This painting is an art history of China.
Rare treasures in the world are treasures that the court nobles of past dynasties scrambled to collect.
Zhang Zeduan, born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), was a famous painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty.
Home, the main activity in Song Huizong era. According to historical records, he was eager to learn since he was a child and studied in Beijing.
Because of his excellent painting skills and talents, he was called into the Hanlin Painting Academy and proposed to Zhang himself.
Choose the ending to describe the bustling scenery of Kyoto in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan asked to paint in the suburbs, so as to be safe.
Spiritual creation. Who would have thought that such a bustling scene of Kyoto in the Northern Song Dynasty was actually in the suburbs of Tokyo?
Created in a remote farmhouse outside. When Zhang Zeduan tries to finish this work, he can draw.
When the long scroll was presented to Song Huizong, Hui Zong was overjoyed and praised it again and again, fondling it. from
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival here was included in the Palace by Song Huizong Evonne. Zhang Ze is recorded accurately in history.
There is only one work handed down from generation to generation, that is, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but this one is enough to illuminate.
Qian Qiu
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is painted in silk, with a length of 24.8 cm and a width of 528.7 cm. Show the north
During Song Xuanhe's reign, the bustling scenery of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) was in the Qingming period. This work
The content is extremely rich and the skills are superb. There are more than 550 people, more than 20 boats, cars and sedan chairs in the painting.
More than 20 rides, houses and shops, and a sea of horses and chariots fully reflect the land and water features of the capital of the Song Dynasty.
The scene of busy traffic and prosperous business is a comprehensive reflection of the social customs of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The crowds are surging, and the scenes are rich and natural. It is not a record of ordinary superficial lively scenes, but
Focusing on the activities of people from all walks of life, it deeply touched the society in this historical period.
The living conditions of the country and people are an extremely historic and authentic art.
A work of art is an unprecedented epic.
There have been several disasters in the history of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, the last one was 1945 8.
/kloc-in June of 0/9, the last emperor Puyi fled to Japan by plane at Shenyang airport. After the plane took off,
Forced to land by the Soviet Red Army, Puyi and his party, as well as the treasures, calligraphy and paintings they carried with them, were
The Red Army of the Soviet Union intercepted it, including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Since then, the whereabouts of the painting is unknown. until
1950 Mr. Yang, a famous expert in calligraphy and painting appraisal, is responsible for the collation and appraisal of collections during the Liberation War.
When handing in a large number of paintings and calligraphy treasures, I found The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which was later identified as Zhang Zeduan's.
The original let this national treasure, which has been lost for many years, see the light of day again and enter the Beijing Museum again.
The artistic achievements of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Beyond the traditional theme
Most of the characters in traditional genre paintings show emperors and princes, immortals and Buddhists, as well as dignitaries and their wives.
Daily life, while Zhang Zeduan shows real people in real life, especially the lower classes.
This stems from the painter's profound life experience and care, and from his deep concern for the living conditions of ordinary people.
To understand and feel. Ordinary people's ordinary life, trivial things, have reached an elegant stage.
This is an epoch-making breakthrough. In The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it not only shows
Scholars, farmers, workers, businessmen, monks, Taoist priests, doctors, fortune tellers, officials, women and children, drivers, boatmen and so on.
Characters appeared, with about 550 people, which can be compared with Four Great Classical Novels only in quantity.
A contrast. And the arrangement is dense and reasonable, which also shows their various activities.
Moving, it can be described as magnificent scenery and colorful life.
2. Characterization has both spirit and form.
The characters in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival are always the core of the whole picture, and the painter skillfully puts all kinds of
The characters are arranged in the background of life, as close as lips and teeth, and naturally harmonious. As the picture continues to unfold,
The arrangement of the characters' positions is also very appropriate. The whole painting truly shows the postures of different characters.
Appearance, hundreds of characters, different industries, ages, personalities and activities, although the characters are not more than inches tall, they must
Eyebrows and eyes are vivid and vivid, which can truly express the thoughts, feelings and interests of the characters, or tight.
Zhang is either leisurely, indifferent or anxious. The author's vivid description and description can be said.
Wood three points, reached the extreme. For example, the crowd watching on Hongqiao conveyed vivid expressions.
Postures vary: some wait and see, some point, some shout, and some worry about anxiety.
Worried, some shouted come on; Ships coming and going under the bridge are even more lively, and a big ship is coming from
There are more than 20 boatmen passing through bridge opening in the rapids, with different dynamics. Some people are lowering the mast, others are on the boat.
The side bar is strongly supported. Some people supported bridge opening with poles at the top of the cabin, while others threw ropes from the bridge to avoid it.
When the ship was passing through bridge opening, it collided and had an accident, which led to a big mistake. The people watching on the bridge are also watching closely.
Zhang, the picture depicts people who are keen to participate in this struggle from different angles, and the characters are all carved.
The paintings are vivid and delicate, showing their mutual help. It seems that we can hear the boatman's voice from the photos.
Shouts and noises.
3. High artistic authenticity
This work left us with a realistic social and historical picture.
Great masterpiece, the value is immeasurable. Painters deeply observe and study life through themselves.
Study, analyze and think about the social life of the capital of song dynasty, and understand all walks of life inside and outside the capital of song dynasty.
It objectively, truly, accurately and accurately reproduces the "canon" of the identity, age and dress of all kinds of characters.
A typical character in a typical environment. "Picturesque first in the tender willow green country road, a line.
When people came back from the grave, they met a couple who went to the grave together on the street corner. My husband's head was wrapped in willow branches and he was in a hurry.
The female donkey and his wife are riding on the back of a male donkey in a cloak. As the donkey was in estrus, she struggled to break away from her master.
The owner ran to the donkey with the reins in his hand, and at that time he was unprepared, at a loss, and terrified.
Points. When he calmed down, he pulled the reins with one hand and hurriedly protected Xiao Lv from being found with the other.
Escape, the donkey went crazy and overturned his mistress on his back, and the husband saw that his wife was in danger.
Asking for help in a panic. The depiction is extremely vivid and simple, without any affectation. And pictures.
The shops on Bianjing Street in Xuanhe period of Song Dynasty, whether restaurants or restaurants, or when.
Shops, hotels, etc. It is completely consistent with the Tokyo Dream written by Song Ren Meng. And painting
The Hongqiao that appears on the surface has high research value and artistic value. Because of its new shape and structure
Ying is unique, just like a flying rainbow, so it is called "Hongqiao". This bridge is a typical representative of ancient wooden arch bridge, which is completely connected by wooden beams, although it is not complete.
A pillar is strong, practical and beautiful, and the "giant wooden virtual frame" solves the problem of torrent scouring the bridge column.
And it is very scientific from an engineering point of view. Hongqiao waidu
Special, simple and beautiful is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient builders. According to bridge experts, artists
It truly shows the structure and proportion of the bridge, leaving precious architectural materials for future generations.
4. Panoramic composition
When we appreciate the riverside scene at Qingming Festival, we should clearly feel Chinese painting and the West.
There are great differences in painting. For example, painters are like tour guides, while people who look at paintings are like
A tourist. Western tour guides can stay put and introduce what they see to tourists.
This is a common "focus perspective" in western works of art.
Different, it adopts panoramic composition, like overlooking the earth on the plane, watching while walking, where to go,
At this point, the spatial span can be extended indefinitely. This expression of Chinese painting is called "three"
Point perspective. "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival skillfully and flexibly uses this traditional perspective in composition.
Principle, showing all kinds of continuous scene content, whether from a distance or from a close distance, the painter's perspective.
The angle always seems to be changing, free and arbitrary, no matter how the perspective changes, the whole
There is a charm that runs through the picture, which is seamless and does not seem dull and abrupt at all. Zhang Ze
In this masterpiece, Duan took the application of "scattered perspective" to the extreme, showing his surprise.
People's artistic talent and artistic expression.
The riverside scene on Qingming Festival is magnificent and all-encompassing, and the viewer presents a real and fresh picture.
The whole picture of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, whether from the social value, historical value or artistic value, is
An epoch-making work, its appearance is the most brilliant stroke in the history of ancient art in China.
A sum of money.