First, for the Liao country, do not disgrace the mission.
/kloc-in 0/75, in the face of Liaoshen, an American representative was ordered to perform a diplomatic mission.
Since signing a humiliating alliance with Liao, the Song Dynasty relied on a large number of silver silk sent every year, but it also maintained a peaceful situation for decades. However, weakness means being bullied. Liao was dissatisfied with the things sent by Song Dynasty and wanted to get more benefits. The emissary was sent to the capital of song dynasty, claiming that Song Jun had crossed the border and set up a fortress in Liao country, demanding that it must retreat. The court attaches great importance to the relationship between the two countries. However, after urgent verification, Song Jun did not cross this line. At this point, Liao's true intentions were exposed. On the surface, they want to solve the border dispute, but in fact, they want to change the existing border line and invade the land of the Song Dynasty to the south.
At the negotiating table, the two sides conducted several rounds of negotiations, but all ended in vain. Xiao insisted on redrawing the border according to their proposed border trend, while Song insisted on the existing established border, which could not be changed, and the negotiations were deadlocked. Xiaoxi can stay at all. Said, "I won. We won't go back to China unless the border is demarcated according to our opinion.
Song Shenzong is unwilling to cede territory in this way, fearing that it will suffer greater losses if it uses force after provoking the other side. Shen Kuo, who is responsible for drafting the imperial edict of Emperor Xiahou, will send someone to write a letter to Liao, and then the two sides will take a long-term view.
After Shen Kuo took over, he didn't rush to Liao, but went to the Privy Council Archives to consult the original documents. We found a detailed map of the border treaty and the direction of the border that was formally signed with Liao during the Song Yingzong period. Facts have proved that the statement of the Song Dynasty is completely correct. He immediately reported to Zongshen, who was very happy and said to Shen Kuo: The person who did this didn't know how to check the evidence, which almost delayed the state affairs. He asked Shen Kuo to show these maps and documents to the Liao negotiators. The stream softened in the face of conclusive evidence.
Subsequently, Shen Kuo, as a negotiator in the Song Dynasty, officially went to Liao to negotiate the border issue.
Before the mission, Shen Kuo plunged into the pile of old paper and collected a lot of geographical information for other officials accompanying him to remember. After coming to the capital of Liao, Yang, the prime minister of Liao, negotiated with Shen Kuo. Shen Kuo answered all the questions raised by Liao, leaving no loopholes for Liao. As for the specific border direction, Shen Kuo insisted on the determination of the original treaty and resolutely rejected the request of the Liao country to re-demarcate. After six rounds of negotiations, Shen Kuo argued and did not relax. Finally, the Liao side, seeing that there was really no chance, threatened: Are you going to break off friendly relations with us because of your haggling over this land? Shen Kuo also responded rudely: It has always been an upright thing, but now it wants to act according to the treaty, and wants to abandon the previous alliance and conclude a new covenant. Isn't it unclear who is trying to break up the relationship? If we really fall out, I don't I don't think you will get any benefits.
Yang saw Guo reluctantly quit, knowing that this was a person he could be indifferent to, so he gave up his unreasonable demands.
On the way back from Liao with his entourage, Shen Kuo drew a map of mountains and rivers and made a survey of local customs. After returning to Tokyo, he sorted out these materials and gave them to Song Shenzong.
When a weak country had no diplomacy, Shen Kuo won a rare diplomatic victory for the Song Dynasty with his pragmatic style, unyielding personality and well-founded arguments.
Second, advance and retreat calmly and do things peacefully.
At the age of twenty-four, Shen Kuo began his official career, starting with the Chief Minister. After several county orders, he was admitted to Jinshi at the age of 33 and began to be an official in the central government. After several transposition, he gained the highest right and became the third ambassador in charge of national finance. Because he actively participated in the political reform, he was excluded by the court after the failure of the political reform and became the magistrate of Yizhou. Later, he was appointed as Yan 'an and promoted to a bachelor of the opposite sex. He was awarded a doctorate by Longtuge for his meritorious defense. However, he was demoted to Zhoujun, Suizhou and other places as a local official. He settled in Meng Xi Park in Runzhou in his later years.
Shen Kuo's life can be described as ups and downs, but no matter where he is, he never cares about personal gains and losses, but works in a down-to-earth manner, the most prominent of which is water control and painting.
As a local official in Shen Kuo, he attached great importance to developing agricultural production and building water conservancy projects. When he was in charge of Muyang County, Jiangsu Province, he presided over Muyang Project and organized tens of thousands of migrant workers to build canals and dams, which not only relieved the flood threat of local people, but also reclaimed 17000 hectares of fertile land and changed the face of Muyang. When he was appointed as a magistrate in Ningguo County, Anhui Province, he also actively advocated and presided over the construction of a good spring project in Wuhu area, opening up fertile land 1 10,000 hectares, and harvesting early, which did a great thing for the local people. Starting from 1072, Shen Kuo presided over the water conservancy construction of the Kyoto River. During the four or five years, more than 7000 hectares of farmland were irrigated/kloc-0, which made remarkable achievements and made special contributions to agricultural production in Kyoto.
1076, Shen Kuo, the third ambassador, wrote a letter saying: The map of counties and counties in the world is incomplete, which makes it inconvenient to fully grasp the national situation. I hope you can allow me to consult the maps collected by the Ministry of War and other central institutions, so as to compile a complete set of maps of States and counties in the world. In view of the cartographic ability of the United States and the importance of maps to the country, and knowing Shen Kuo, Zongshen happily approved his request. Shen Kuo took the time to borrow relevant materials from the Privy Council and the Ministry of War to extract and imitate them. Although he was demoted several times later, he never forgot the reason. In every place, you take all the information with you, and take time out to sort out and draw. After 12 years and unremitting efforts, five revisions have finally completed the immortal masterpieces in the map history of China-world county map: 1 national map, 1 mini map, 1 national road map and 20 * *.
Third, knowledgeable and innovative.
Shen Kuo made profound research on science and technology, and made outstanding achievements in astronomy, mathematics, calendar, geography, physics, biology, medicine, literature, history, music and fine arts. He first discovered declination in the world, made many major improvements to astronomical observation instruments, formulated the twelve calendars, improved surveying and mapping technology, discovered the phenomenon of * * * vibration of sound, first put forward the concept of oil, and wrote Meng Qian's Notes, a masterpiece in the history of world science.
Looking at Shen Kuo's academic achievements, we can find that his greatest feature is that he is brave in innovation, good at innovation, actively thinking and improving when encountering problems, and does not work.
1072, Shen Kuo was appointed as Tian Jian, in charge of calendar, meteorological observation and other affairs. In the process of compiling the calendar, he found it very important to observe the sky accurately, but there were some errors in the accuracy, fluctuation and leakage of time and the length of the sundial used at that time. Therefore, he not only corrected the errors of these astronomical instruments on the basis of careful research, but also wrote academic papers such as armillary sphere, floating leakage and landscape table, and introduced his research results in detail.
From 65438 to 0074, Shen Kuo was appointed as the special envoy of Hebei West Road, whose task was to inspect and rectify the border defense. During the inspection, he learned about the geography and mountains and rivers in the border areas in detail, and felt that artificially building a large swamp was an effective way to resist the invasion of the Liao army. He decided to report the topography of the border and the plan to dig the swamp to the court. But drawing can only explain the plane, which is not very specific and difficult to express clearly. In order to better explain his ideas and let the emperor know more about the topography of the front line, Shen Kuo began to study how to make a vivid and practical three-dimensional model of mountains and rivers. After many experiments, after trying various materials such as batter, clay, sawdust, etc., a method of dripping candle oil on the board was finally found. This method is not only easy to shape, but also easy to decorate with a knife.
It is because of Shen Kuo's unremitting efforts and spirit of continuous exploration that he has made extraordinary achievements. With immortal achievements, he wrote a unique chapter in the history of China.