Case analysis is to analyze and discuss the cited cases, clarify the relationship between cases and arguments, and integrate them. In fact, examples are only a means of discussion, and reasoning is the purpose of discussion. Therefore, we should try our best to combine the selected cases with in-depth reasoning, so as to achieve the agreement, echo and explanation of things and reasoning, and avoid the disadvantages of "argument = material+viewpoint". Common methods for analyzing cases:

First, the causal analysis method

Causality analysis, also known as causality analysis, starts from causality and connects arguments with arguments. Specifically, it is to explore the root of behavior and result in an example along the "why" thinking, and discover its essence, so as to gradually deepen the content.

For example, in order to prove the argument that "one should be determined", tell a story: It is said that Newton was not clever when he was young. Once, his father asked him to make a hole in the door to make it easier for big cats and kittens to go out, but he made two big holes, saying it was because there were two small holes. Nevertheless, in the process of Newton's ambitious exploration of scientific mysteries, he achieved fruitful results because of his hard work. Then, he said with causal analysis: one person is the only one.

This is precisely after citing examples, along the thinking of why Newton became a scientist, to explore its roots, thus proving the argument that "people should aspire to it."

This kind of analysis often uses "what caused this?" Facts have proved that ... "leads to the discourse of exploring and analyzing things.

Second, the hypothesis demonstration method

Hypothetical argument is to make assumptions from the opposite side, and then infer the authenticity and reliability of the argument, thus effectively demonstrating the central argument.

Example: Haier Group has always insisted on technology as a means and support for development. In the development process of more than ten years, from technology introduction to resource integration and independent innovation at home and abroad, we have inherited the R&D concepts of "technical innovation comes from market problems" and "design creates high quality and high added value". Through technological innovation, the Group has achieved long-term success in China market and international market, with an average annual growth rate of 78%, and maintained its leading position in household appliances and other related fields.

Obviously, Haier's success lies in innovation. If Haier Group sticks to the rules, does not carry out technological innovation and update its research and development theory, Haier may have been eliminated by the market long ago, and the brand "Haier" will not be well-known at home and abroad. It is precisely because of the continuous innovation of Haier Group that the brand "Haier" came into being. Therefore, innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for Haier's development and an inexhaustible source for promoting social development.

This kind of analysis often uses "What if?" ...? "Lead to the opposite of the example to discuss.

Third, the positive and negative contrast method

The positive and negative contrast method is a comparative analysis based on the positive and negative case materials, and highlights the facts through comparison.

Example 1: (argument: let reminiscence shine the light of reason) Germans do everything possible not to let time fade blood and fade their voices: build a memorial hall for the concentration camp, deal with the aftermath of the war with all their strength, and the German Chancellor's amazing kneeling posture in front of the Jewish memorial hall! After 60 years of continuous reflection and commemoration, the Germans finally completed the self-redemption of their souls. The German nation showed the power of reason to the world and won the respect of the world! It can be seen that rational commemoration is the correct commemoration, and rational commemoration shines with the brilliance of human nature. Once the memorial is out of the restriction of reason, it will become an uncontrollable devil. Japan also played a disgraceful role in the tragedy 60 years ago. As the main executioner in Asia, Japan has committed countless crimes. The past is over, but the commemoration of the Yamato nation is like this: beautifying the crime of aggression; What's more, the Prime Minister's annual "ghost worship" ... Japan's "commemoration" activity, which deviates from the rational category, has naturally been unanimously condemned by people all over the world. There is a good saying: "The kneeling Germans are greater than the standing Japanese!"

Example 2: Qin Shihuang was able to "swallow the princes in two weeks and obey the supreme order of Liuhe" because he was detained in a foreign country under the deliberate arrangement of his father, went through all the hardships and finally became a hero. Xiao Zhong, a world-famous writer, was able to write La Traviata, which shocked the world, because he inherited from his father Dumas not a rich family, but a keen observation and meticulous portrayal of the characters.

On the contrary, those successful super-rich people have no skills and can only accomplish nothing or even die. Hu Hai and Qin Ershi inherited the historic cause of "building a Huawei city, making rivers into pools and making Jincheng Wan Li" left by Qin Shihuang, which is a huge legacy. However, in just three years, it was finally laughed at by the whole world. The reason is that Hu Hai himself didn't.

Fourthly, analogy summary method.

Analogy can increase the breadth and depth of the article.

Chairman Mao can use Marxism–Leninism as a guide to lead the people to strive for liberation and freedom, so as to fight better. However, he can also jump out of Marxism-Leninism, seriously study the actual situation in China, and analyze specific problems, and finally lead the people to victory. Revolution is like this, so is life? When we think about problems, do things, run our lives and work hard, we must be able to put ourselves into it; Once something goes wrong, we should be able to move forward in adjustment and reflection.

Use "not unique ..." or "strikingly similar ..." to deduce materials with similar properties, and then add them together to analyze their * * * same properties.

V. Qualitative analysis methods

Qualitative analysis is an analytical method to reveal the essence of things through the phenomena provided by arguments. The key to using this method is to accurately grasp the essential things contained in the argument. This method can often hit the nail on the head and is very effective in argument.

Example: (Argument: Cultural exchange should be emphasized) The China-US Cultural Year, the China-Greece Cultural Year, the China-Italy Cultural Year, the China-Russia Cultural Year, the China-India Cultural Year and the China-Korea Cultural Year were held successively; China has established 75 "Confucius Institutes" in 35 countries and regions, and many more are in a state of tension. China government supports Shaolin Temple to set up its own cultural communication company, hold an exhibition of the essence of Shaolin culture and perform Shaolin Kung Fu in many countries. In the middle of 5438+ 10 this year, the relevant state departments began to change the English translation of "Fuwa" from Friendlies to Fuwa.

These examples fully prove that China has realized that all competition is cultural competition in the final analysis, so it attaches great importance to its own cultural construction and cultural communication.

Examples should be true, typical, appropriate and powerful, which are necessarily related to the conclusion.

Give examples to demonstrate the general idea of analysis;

Citation (argument sentence) → citation (transition sentence from argument to example) → narrative example → discussion example.

Example: We China people have backbone. Many people who used to be liberals or democratic individualists stood up before the US imperialists and their lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries. (Example 1) When Wen Yiduo was angry, he was angry at the Kuomintang pistol and would rather fall than give in. (Example 2) Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept American "relief food". (Example 2) In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu wrote Ode to Boyi ... That was a mistake. We should write a eulogy for Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing. They showed the heroism of our nation.

Let's take another example: without a hard and protracted war, great achievements will never be achieved. Great discoveries and inventions are the product of long-term efforts and the crystallization of sweat. The famous inventor ehrlich invented pesticide 606, and he failed 605 times before he succeeded. This means that he will spend his life in the pain of failure. It can be said that ehrlich could not have invented it without persistent patience.

practise

1. Add cited examples and discussed examples in the following text.

Struggle is the road to ideal.

Because of the struggle, Andersen changed from a shoemaker's son to a "fairy tale king";

Because of the struggle, romain rolland won the crystallization of 20 years' efforts-John Christophe;

Because of the struggle, Einstein founded the theory of relativity;

Because of the struggle, Chen Jingrun took off the jewel in the crown of mathematics;

Also because of the struggle, in international competitions again and again, China athletes let the five-star red flag rise in front of the world in Ran Ran.

2. Requirements: Write a paragraph based on the argument that "people's vitality often comes from pressure and challenges" and the following two materials.

Material 1: Ali, the world boxing champion, always pays some people to be his opponents, booing him, cursing him and humiliating him in the competition. In this way, Ali's desire to fight is stimulated, his strength is full of the whole body, his muscles swell, and his spirit reaches the best competitive state.

Material 2: In a Norwegian seaport, when the fishing boat came back, most of the sardines caught by fishermen were dying before they could be sold, so they had to be treated at a low price. But a fisherman named Hans caught all the fish alive and kicking, and people rushed to buy them at high prices. Why? It turned out that after Hans caught the fish, he deliberately put a catfish in the fish tank. The other fish were frightened and swam around, thus saving their lives. After seeing this story, a boss was deeply inspired. He invited several catfish people-people who are famous for their strict management-to be new supervisors. As a result, people in the company immediately felt nervous.

3. The volume of Beijing in 2005 is written in the following paragraph. Requirements: ① Write your disagreement in one sentence; ② Write your own opinions and sufficient reasons; ③ No more than 100 words. (5 points)

It is reported that a famous movie star who created many little people with a unique "funny" style was hired as a professor by a university. People have different opinions on whether he is competent or not.

4, 2004 Beijing volume gives the meaning of the sentence and continues to write a paragraph.

Listening to elegant music can cultivate people's temperament, stimulate people's fighting spirit and soothe injured hearts. You see, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Reference answers to exercise questions:

1, all successful people at home and abroad are soaked in the sweat of struggle.

There are countless examples of successful people, but while we marvel at their great achievements, we should also feel the hardships they have paid for today's success. Struggle is the ladder of ideal, and only struggle can realize the ideal of life.

2. People's vitality often comes from pressure and challenges. If there is no pressure and challenge, people will lack tension and anxiety, and then lose morale. In an uncompetitive environment, they are lifeless, waiting for death. In order to make every competition invincible, Ali, the world champion, often finds some "pressure" for himself in the competition, and even hires someone to act as his opponent with money, so as to inspire his greatest fighting spirit to beat his opponent. The boss of a Norwegian company took advantage of the "catfish effect" and invited a person known for his strict management to be the new supervisor in order to make the originally lifeless company full of vitality and look brand-new. So the employees of the company immediately felt nervous and became active. Therefore, only by constantly giving yourself pressure and challenges can you have a sense of tension and crisis, generate endless motivation and become a winner in the competition.

3 Key points of the answer: ① Your own views and disagreeing views must be tit for tat; (2) state your own views with sufficient reasons and persuasiveness. (If ① is satisfied, 1 min is obtained; If ② is satisfied, it will be 4 points. If the continuation of the content does not connect with the given beginning, or the sentence is not fluent, deduct points as appropriate. )

[Example 1] Some people scoff at this, thinking that he is famous for making a fool of himself just by "making a fool of himself", and he is not qualified as a professor without real talent and practical learning. I don't think so. Practice is very important. "It's hard to know how to do it from paper." A large number of successful images have enabled him to accumulate a lot of vivid experience, and this rich experience is his capital.

[Example 2] Some people think that the post of professor is of great responsibility and can't be competent just by fame. But I don't think so. First, if the purpose of hiring him as a professor in a university is to increase popularity by virtue of his fame, why not be an honorary professor? Second, in today's increasingly fine cultural division of labor, "Wulitou" comedy has become a new cultural phenomenon. As a representative of funny style, he is fully qualified to tell students his understanding and grasp of this kind of cultural phenomenon as a professor, so he is competent.

4 [Example 1] A song "Mountain Streams and Flowing Water" endowed Boya with quiet and indifferent feelings; Beethoven's "Destiny" has made countless people facing death knock on the door of life again; Mozart's requiem leads the dead into heaven and brings infinite comfort to their families.

Elegant music, like a clear spring, flows through your impetuous mind and makes it calm; Elegant music, like a fire, rekindles your fighting spirit of hope; Elegant music is like a ray of sunshine, warming your wounded heart.

[Example 3] That melodious beat is like a mentor, helping you get rid of moral stains; That high-pitched tune is like a banner, pulling your forward steps; The gentle melody is like a pair of slender hands, slowly stroking the wounds of your heart.

"Six Clothes" and "Six Taboos" in Case Demonstration

Facts speak plainer than words. Illustration is the most commonly used argument method in argumentative writing. How to make good use of factual arguments in argumentative writing.

First of all, the case should be related to the theme and avoid keeping a distance.

When writing argumentative essays and choosing factual arguments, we should pay attention to the significance of the selected cases and be sure to be consistent with the arguments. We shouldn't be indifferent to one thing and ignore another. For example, if we write "it is said to be unchanged", is it appropriate to give the following example?

Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, is famous in the field of poetry, but he is never satisfied and never relaxed. He often goes deep into the people to read his new poems to the women and farmers in the village, asking them if they understand them, humbly asking for their opinions and revising them. Therefore, his poems are easy to understand and deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

It is obviously inappropriate to use this example to show the perseverance of learning. Although there are some words like "never slack off" and "often", they cannot be used to demonstrate "perseverance". It is very appropriate to demonstrate that "a writer should have a rigorous creative attitude".

Second, the case should be novel and avoid obsolescence.

As the ancients said, "words must be done" and "articles should not follow people". When choosing factual arguments, we must strive for novelty and tell others what we haven't said. We must strive to be vigilant, inspiring and thought-provoking. If the examples are well known, but we are not good at finding new ideas from them, then even if the examples and arguments are very consistent, the articles written can only be ordinary at best. Some students write argumentative essays with old examples, such as Zhang Haidi, Chen Jingrun, Li Shizhen, Sima Qian, Edison and Madame Curie, which appear frequently and are boring. if

To give novel and typical examples, we need to have rich knowledge reserves and reading accumulation, which requires everyone to read more newspapers and pay attention to accumulating fresh materials, so that they can come in handy when writing.

Three, the case should be true, to avoid false.

Examples cited in argumentative essays, whether in history or in real life, should be true, not fictitious, not fabricated and not vague. If numbers are involved, they must also be accurate. If the example is not true, the argument will be unconvincing and the reasoning will be unconvincing. The parameters in the following two examples do not meet the requirements.

1, a European chemist found a new substance in an experiment, but he gave up the experiment without extracting it. Later, another chemist did the same experiment. Because of his perseverance, another new element was finally discovered by him.

In case two, Tolstoy conducted an in-depth interview and wrote War and Peace. He wrote 400,000 words in his notes, and finally completed this masterpiece in 60 years.

The two chemists mentioned in example 1 did not write their names, did some experiments and found a new substance, which was ambiguous and reduced the persuasiveness of the argument. Example 2 says that "it took 60 years to finish this masterpiece", which is not true. In fact, Tolstoy spent seven years writing War and Peace. This argument is untrue and loses credibility.

This requires you to take exact notes or keep them firmly in your mind when reading, and never quote by impression.

Fourth, the case should be highly summarized and should not be delayed.

Argumentative cases are different from narrative cases, and the language of narrative cases should be concise and general, and should not be dragged on. Sima Qian's letter to Ren An provides us with a good example in this respect:

"King Gavin was arrested and acted in Zhouyi; Zhong You wrote Spring and Autumn Annals; Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiu is blind and has "Mandarin"; The ruler of the revised version of Sun Tzu's Art of War; It's not Shu, but Lu Lan. Han Fei imprisoned Qin, expressing embarrassment, loneliness and anger; There are three hundred poems, and the sages at the bottom are angry. "

Many excellent argumentative essays in the college entrance examination also embody this principle. Candidates highly summarize the facts with short examples, which greatly strengthens the language situation and enhances the demonstration effect. For example, in 2005, Henan college entrance examination candidates "talked about" unexpected, reasonable ";

Hawking can create dazzling achievements, which is the crystallization of his research day and night; Newton's discovery of the law of gravity that shocked China and foreign countries was the reward of his hard thinking and painstaking efforts; Marx's ability to discover the law of surplus value is inseparable from his sleepless nights and diligent research.

5. Cases should be combined in multiple dimensions, not in one direction.

When writing an argumentative essay, if several examples are used together, they can neither be quoted in detail nor lightly. If you just skim, you will inevitably lose weight. Generally speaking, you should skim at the same time. You might as well skim over the well-known examples and the unfamiliar ones. The combination of detailed examples can enhance the argumentation effect of the article.

When writing an argumentative essay, it is best to combine positive and negative examples, both positive and negative. The positive and negative contrast is vivid and powerful. When enumerating factual arguments, the combination of ancient and modern China and foreign countries. The combination of different time and space examples has a large span and strong universality, which can enhance the strength of argument.

Six, examples should be discussed with a simple list.

In argumentative writing, well-founded (presenting facts) and well-founded (reasoning) are interdependent and complementary. Examples are only the means of discussion, and understanding is the purpose of discussion. Therefore, efforts should be made to coordinate the selected cases with the in-depth discussion, so as to achieve the agreement, echo and explanation of things and reasons. If you just give examples blindly, you don't make necessary explanations and analysis after giving examples. This article inevitably lacks ideological depth. For example, in 2005, Shandong college entrance examination examinee "Other people's scenery, your dream" listed examples of hell and heaven: "People in hell, around the cauldron, each took their own long spoon to get soup for themselves, because the handle of the spoon was too long to send the soup to their mouth, so they were angry. It's still the same cauldron or the same spoon. People put soup on each other's mouths and everyone is full. "

Immediately after this case, the author analyzed: "In fact, heaven and hell are not far apart. Not for others, just for yourself. This is called hell; Not only for ourselves, but also for others, it is called heaven to win through mutual assistance. Get out of the ego and find a win-win situation, and you will go from hell to heaven. " This kind of analysis reveals the essence through phenomena, deepens the theme and writes the depth.

Flexible use of examples to increase the literary talent and emotion of the article.

Argumentative writing is the most popular style for senior high school students, because it is clear and easy to master. However, there is often a problem in high school students' writing, that is, most of them put forward their own opinions first, then analyze and demonstrate with examples, and finally summarize, showing a pattern. Moreover, due to the lack of dialectical analysis ability to understand the world, a considerable part of such articles are not vivid enough, lacking personality and tension. Lack of moving charm. In fact, the most important thing in argumentative writing is the use of examples. We can make full use of these examples, give full play to the characteristics of high school students who are good at narration and lyricism, increase the literary talent and emotion of the article, make the examples present different States, and make the article smart.

First, let the case become the source of living water.

After determining the center of the article, search for examples that can prove the point of the article, and then unfold the narrative from narrative to physiological narrative in the form of stories, which skillfully leads to the theme. This kind of beginning is not abrupt, blunt, lasting, gentle, and contains strength, which can quickly capture the reader's heart. For example, the excellent composition of Guangdong college entrance examination in 2003, "Is Haitang still there?" The beginning of green, fat, red and thin:

After a stormy night, Li Qingzhao, who was sleeping soundly and had no wine left, asked about flowers. The maid smiled and replied that Haitang was still there. The poetess sighed: it should be green, fat, red and thin! Li Qingzhao has delicate feelings and deep concern and pity for flowers, so she imagines the begonia withering after the sudden wind and rain. The maid didn't, so the flower was destroyed without touching her at all or even being noticed by her. It can be seen that the intimacy of feelings is related to the depth of right and wrong cognition of things.

Second, let examples spread the truth.

In writing, narrative permeated with personal feelings replaces rigorous reasoning, which makes people fully understand the author's praise, criticism, love, hate and hatred, and naturally moves readers, thus achieving a convincing purpose. For example, in 2004, Zhejiang college entrance examination excellent composition "That wisp of fragrance", the full text is to impress readers by infiltrating emotions, we choose one paragraph:

The first emperor tasted the sadness of countless eyes, so that a hundred schools of thought contended and disappeared completely in the firelight, and the Confucian scholars in the world were buried in the desert loess. The unyielding soul of scholars in the world dies with the annihilation of thoughts. Alas, the glitz of a prosperous time also vanished at this moment. Don't be blinded by a leaf, don't be polluted by the so-called wisdom, and don't become the leader of historical retrogression because of the imprisonment of humanistic thought!

Third, let the case present a delicate image.

Through the detailed description of the scene of the case and the behavior of the characters, the novel-like brushwork gives the case an image, which makes people feel as if they are there, feel the inner feelings of the characters, follow the thinking track set by the author and make the same judgment as the author. For example, a short essay entitled "Competition"-"True feelings always stay", the first paragraph of which quotes the famous sayings of Jordan and Socrates. Tell people that competition should not abandon warmth. Then the author describes two scenes with exquisite and vivid brushstrokes: Wu Zetian shows the memorial of Di Renjie Lou Deyi, and Liszt arranges Chopin's successful performance. At the end of the article, it is pointed out that sincerity should be allowed to guide competition and people's feelings should be sublimated in competition! This is a reference to one of the scenes:

During the Golden Jubilee, in the face of the majestic Empress Wu Zetian, the Emperor got up the courage: "Your Majesty, Teacher Lou was an official corruption, and once killed civilians for trivial things-irrefutable evidence!" Speaking of which, he is guilty. Mr. Lou has always been at odds with himself, and he is an opponent in both officialdom and life. But what should I do today? Throw your heart out and your caution out of the clouds.

Wu Zetian smiled and conveniently picked the paper for Di Renjie: "Ai Qing, look." When De opened it, his face changed greatly ―― it was all about Lou's promotion requirements. Over the years, his thoughts have been seriously distorted by a strong sense of competition, and what his opponents gave him was so sincere.

Perhaps fierce competition will blind people's eyes, but the sincere sunshine in the heart will break through the fog and illuminate a bright world. The flower of human feelings should not be withered by the flame of competition.

Fourth, let the case turn to illusory emptiness.

Look for cases that conform to the viewpoint, use your imagination and create the carrier of cases (such as dreams, crossing time and space, etc.). ), and the case into the fictional world, so that the article has an illusory and ethereal beauty. For example, an essay entitled "The Beauty of Life" fictionalizes "I", looking up at the bright moon in a quiet night and thinking about how to create a better life. Then Athena floated down to guide me: she waved three pictures in front of my eyes to reveal the profound meaning of life.

I was thinking about it when suddenly a light flashed in the night sky and a goddess came to my window. "Hello, I'm Athena." She smiled and said to me, "You seem suspicious." Yes, goddess of wisdom, can you tell me how to create the most beautiful life? Athena just smiled and waved gently. A picture appeared in front of my eyes-a familiar figure of the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. He suffers from insomnia as much as I do, thinking alone under the lamp. There are two ways in front of him: one is to echo the Shanxi merchants and others and flatter the king of Chu; The other was exiled to the south. He finally chose exile because he didn't want to bow to those filthy people. He wanted to keep his innocence and stick to his truth. ...

The picture disappeared. "Do you understand?" Athena asked me, "Well, life needs to stick to one's own opinions and make ordinary and great choices."

Fifth, let the cases combine and follow suit.

Shortly after entering the article, the story is finished, forming several fragments and integrating the main idea into the fragments. After a few clips are finished, pointing out the center directly without discussion is like making the finishing touch. For example, the article "A Leaves Fall to Know the Autumn on Earth" takes the cases of three ancient China writers, Su Shi, Xin Qiji and Li Qingzhao, as the introduction, with three subtitles, focusing on their temperament, psychology and life.

Is that the old man with a flowing beard and high eyes? Are you the brave man who raised his glass and dared to ask the sky "What year is this evening?"? ? Is it Su Dongpo who is sitting on the boat looking at the cool breeze Xu Lai and the stagnant water in Xu Laili? I have been trying to follow in your footsteps, but all I can see is dew hanging on the green bamboo branches in the morning, and clear waves are rippling in your lofty eyes. You hope to serve your country and display your talents one day, but the darkness of the world has plunged you into the abyss. In the lonely night, you still can't sleep. The only thing that accompanies you is the bright moon that "turns to Zhuge, turns to low households, and shines sleepless". You have your dignity.

(End) Pieces of fallen leaves are falling in the bleak west wind, indicating the arrival of autumn. Su Dongpo, Xin Qiji, and Li Qingzhao are just small leaves in the forest of history. One leaf falls and autumn is known. Through them, we see the poetic soul of the whole history-dignity, pride without indifference, loneliness without sinking.

Above, we talked about the flexible use of examples in argumentative writing from five aspects, that is, trying to strengthen the emotion and literary talent of argumentative writing through a method that is not harmonious with middle school students, and there may be many other methods to draw inspiration from others.

Give examples to illustrate ten points for attention.

First, the case should be appropriate.

There should be one argument, but at most three.

Second, the case should be summarized.

Argumentative writing should focus on discussion rather than telling stories. Learn how to summarize an example in one sentence.

Third, the case should be typical.

If you give a few more examples, politicians, scientists, writers, sports and music stars should all be considered.

Fourth, don't forget to search for examples in the text.

The characters in the text often give the marking teacher a kind feeling.

Don't forget to contact yourself or people around you.

Knowing yourself or the people around you will often give the marking teacher a real feeling.

Sixth, do not forget to combine current international and domestic events.

The article is timely, citing recent international and domestic events, and it will be full of a strong sense of the times.

Seven, a brief analysis of examples.

In addition to arguments and arguments, argumentative essays also need argumentation, that is, a brief analysis of cited examples around arguments shows certain logic.

Eight, examples should be arranged in a certain order.

Either the past first, then the present, or the middle first, then the outside, or the right first, then the opposition, or the celebrity first, or write an example of why and then an example of how to do it.

Nine, the case should be positive and negative contrast.

The contrast between positive and negative examples is an argument in itself, which can often make the argument clear and prominent.

Ten, the case should be combined with the specific circumstances.

General examples can be summarized, and convincing examples can be described in detail from different angles and analyzed from different angles.