Abstract: Primary school mathematics class should pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability.
Paper Keywords: primary school, mathematics, attention, students
At present, students' passive learning is quite common. Students can't passively accept knowledge in class, and use what they have learned to solve simple practical problems, depending on what the teacher gives them. Most students only have what the teacher "instills" in their minds. Without a teacher, they won't study. This situation is the result of the disadvantages of exam-oriented education.
In order to change the disadvantages of exam-oriented education and implement quality education in an all-round way, how to cultivate primary school students' autonomous learning ability in mathematics teaching? Below, talk about the author's personal shallow experience:
First, forming correct learning motivation is the driving force to promote students' conscious learning.
Facts have proved that primary school students do not form the correct learning motivation, which is manifested as: inattention, emotional instability and weak willpower. Therefore, forming correct learning motivation is the psychological motivation to promote students' active learning.
Stimulating a person's learning motivation is an important factor to cultivate his learning ability. In view of the actual situation of first-grade children, first of all, the author talks about how some scientists decided to become talents when they were young; How do the children of workers and peasants overcome many difficulties and study hard, and as a result they become agronomists and experts in raising pigs and chickens. The power of example is infinite. In teaching, teachers should pay attention to using the power of examples to set up some successful examples in students' minds, and then let them know what to do, what not to do and how to do it, so as to make better contributions to society and family and inspire their confidence of "I want to learn, I want to learn, and I must learn well". However, motivation education is long-term and cannot be achieved in one step. With the growth of age, individual students who have not formed good learning motivation, emotional instability, inattention or weak will are given targeted education and counseling until they are corrected. Therefore, students' active learning is bound to be influenced by teachers' good teaching process.
Students in lower grades are relatively distracted, unfocused in observation and changeable in taste. In view of these characteristics, we should persist in cultivating students' interest in learning. Through vivid teaching process, cultivate and develop students' will quality, and stimulate their interest in independent thinking and exploring knowledge. Therefore, the author attaches importance to the use of image language that conforms to children's psychological characteristics, cooperates with the demonstration of teaching AIDS, guides the operation of learning tools, and gradually transitions from intuitive image thinking to abstract thinking. Let students study happily, be willing to learn, and never tire of learning.
Second, teaching learning methods is the key to forming learning ability.
The composition of students' learning ability consists of four elements. First, basic knowledge, not basic skills; Third, intellectual skills (the skills of observing, thinking, remembering, imagining and other psychological internal activities); Fourth, learning methods. In the past, influenced by exam-oriented education, only the first two items were paid attention to in teaching, while the last two items were ignored. Therefore, there is a tendency of high scores and low energy. In order to strengthen the cultivation of learning ability, the author attaches importance to the cultivation of thinking and memory ability, especially to teach students to study freely.
Teaching learning methods is the key to the formation of learning ability, and the best combination of teaching and learning should be realized. In teaching, we should not only study how to improve teaching methods, but also study and guide students' learning methods to show the "transparency" of learning methods, so that students can learn the thinking, methods and skills of acquiring knowledge while exploring new knowledge. According to the learning law, the teaching method is determined, and the learning method is guided by the teaching method to realize the best combination of teaching and learning. In the specific teaching practice, we should implement the heuristic teaching idea, constantly improve the classroom teaching structure, and strive to guide students to learn new knowledge by setting doubts, stimulating doubts and solving doubts. Teach students five teaching methods in the process of learning:
1, reading learning methods, teachers scientifically organize learning materials, step by step, so that students can learn to outline the introduction and grasp the key points, so as to read scientifically and correctly understand the meaning of the question. At present, there is an important problem in mathematics teaching, that is, students can't use textbooks, and a math class often needs to give students homework before opening books. Textbooks are not only used by teachers for teaching, but also by students for learning. Therefore, teaching students to use textbooks is also an important part of cultivating their autonomous learning ability. For example, in the lower grades, we should focus on the method of guiding observation. The new textbook provides a large number of images, graphics, straight lines, line segments and other intuitive content. According to the psychological characteristics reflected by children in the process of observation (attention is easy to be distracted and observation is random; Emotions are changeable, interests are born, and observing things is also changeable; Floating on the surface, rough and general, describing the subjective observation phenomenon, etc. ), in guiding students to master the observation of pictures and graphics, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Observe pictures, understand the meaning and requirements of pictures, and observe them in order; Observe by orientation (guide students to distinguish orientation and use words such as up, down, left and right). (2) Be able to operate learning tools according to the requirements of graphics and text, and organize the operation process of language expression according to the requirements of graphics and text. (3) Numbers, symbols or calculations will be filled in according to the requirements of drawings. (4) Be able to clearly point out what is known and needed in the diagram. Prepare for further study. Middle and senior grades should pay attention to guiding students to learn to use the learning methods provided by textbooks to understand concepts and laws. Through practical operation, try to guide students to practice, talk and think according to the textbook, from perception to representation to concept, which fully reflects the process of knowledge formation and guidance. Pay attention to guide students to explore and summarize the question-and-answer forms or incomplete conclusions set in textbooks.
2. study hard. Through the learning process of "asking questions-trying to explore-discussing and communicating-understanding and opening up", students are encouraged to dare to "let me try" at an early age and cultivate their inquiry ability.
3. Operation learning method, through practical activities such as spelling, swinging, cutting, comparing and drawing, is an important method for primary school students to learn mathematics from motion perception to representation and then to abstract concepts. For example, in the lower grades, we should pay attention to guiding students to master the length of measuring line segments, draw line segments, judge and draw right angles with triangular plates, and draw rectangles and squares on grid paper. Pay attention to training students to measure straight lines and short distances on the ground with measuring tools, and draw angles at specified angles with protractors. Middle and senior grades should also pay attention to training students to draw pictures and make simple statistical charts.
4. Mathematical thinking method. Through the demonstration of examples and the guidance of exercises, students are guided to gradually master the common mathematical thinking methods such as sequence, correspondence, transformation and transformation, and can use these methods flexibly according to the needs of solving practical problems.
5. Guide students to learn to analyze and synthesize problems. To cultivate students' analytical ability, teachers should guide students to pay attention to the details or components of the whole; To cultivate students' comprehensive ability, students must be introduced into the whole and system. Whether the guidance is correct or not depends largely on the teacher's proposition. (that is, whether the timing of the question and practice is appropriate. For example, in lectures, we should emphasize the examination and analysis of questions, first "break the whole into parts", dissect the original question into several small questions, and then "break the whole into parts" to connect the contents of several small questions in series. Over time, students' analytical ability and comprehensive ability will be improved.
Thirdly, developing good study habits is an important way to cultivate learning ability.
Habit is a behavior or way that a person gradually develops over a long period of time and is not easy to change at one time. Ye Lao said: "Education is the cultivation of habits." All good attitudes and methods must become habits. Only when proficiency becomes a habit, a good attitude can be displayed anytime and anywhere, and a good method can be applied anytime and anywhere. Good habits help to consolidate and develop learning ability, and also help to work and study in the future. 1. Listen carefully and think independently. The child's thinking is unstable. In the process of learning, the author teaches students to think seriously, think about problems and form a good habit of independent thinking. For example, what conditions are needed to see the problems of application problems. What is the solution to the problem? How to think is the simplest, so that students can think accurately and profoundly. The formation of this habit contributes to the formation of thinking quality. 2. Observe carefully and remember by heart. There are many things in junior high school textbooks. Starting from the lower grades, we should pay attention to teaching students to learn to compare, observe, make correct judgments and reasoning. This leads to the formation of a good habit of careful observation, good at comparison and finding similarities and differences. Let students remember carefully, which is helpful to improve students' computing ability and accuracy. At the same time, it can promote students to master scientific memory methods. 3. The writing is standardized and the calculation is accurate. This is very important for junior and senior students. Teach children to write every number and symbol carefully first, and then standardize the writing of numbers and answers, so that the calculation will be accurate in the future. Some students don't pay attention to writing, but are quick and not accurate, which is the most important thing in learning mathematics.
In a word, it is very important to cultivate good study habits and abilities in mathematics teaching. According to the teaching practice and students' characteristics, persistent training and training will certainly achieve good results.