Ling Du Fang Ding 1974 was unearthed in the ruins of Zhengzhou Mall in Henan Province, belonging to the early Shang Dynasty, with a height of 87 cm and a diameter of 6 1×6 1 cm. This tripod is made up of many parts. The mouth is rectangular, a pair of arched vertical ears are cast in the upper part twice, the abdomen is deep, the abdominal wall is slightly restrained, and the bottom is flat. There are four hollow cylindrical feet with thick top and thin bottom, and a group of single-line animal facial patterns are cast at the four corners of the body. The two sides and lower part of each face are decorated with milk nails, and the upper part of the foot is decorated with animal faces. This is the earliest large-scale copper Fang Ding discovered in China, and it is a precious material for studying bronze smelting and casting in the early Shang Dynasty. Fang Ding, Ling Du is not only a bronze heavyweight in the early Shang Dynasty, but also the first monument of bronze civilization created by China and even the world in the Bronze Age-Fang Ding, Ling Du is the earliest bronze heavyweight known to mankind, with the largest volume, the most perfect casting and the most complete preservation. Ldquo "Fu Hao" Zun 1976 was unearthed in Fu Hao Tomb in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province, and was an artifact of the late Shang Dynasty. Height 45.9 cm, caliber 16.4 cm. Wine container. The body is owl-shaped, with head held high, round eyes, wide beak, small ears, high crown, wings close together, feet and vertical tail form three-point support, the back neck has a mouth, a cover on it, and the inscription "Fu Hao" is cast on the inner wall. Bow yoga with animal heads on the back. The vessel is covered with exquisite decorative patterns, elegant and dignified in shape, and it is a boutique in commercial vessels. Ldquo's Fu Hao is a masterpiece among 468 bronzes produced in Fu Hao Tomb in Yinxu, Anyang. Its novel shape, harmonious decorative patterns in all parts, and dynamic head feathers give viewers an artistic appeal of 80,000 miles, which is worthy of the reputation of God of War and shows the spirit of deliberate innovation and pursuit of perfection in commercial culture. As the embodiment of material civilization and spiritual civilization in Shang Dynasty, it is the material carrier of "national affairs, that is, sacrifice and conquest", which proves that China Bronze Age has reached a new peak. Jia Hu bone flute 1987 was unearthed in the Neolithic site of Jiahu, Wuyang County, Henan Province. Jia Hu bone flute is the earliest musical instrument unearthed in China, which is called "the first flute in China", with a length of 23.438+0 cm and seven holes. Jia Hu bone flute is not only the earliest musical instrument in China, but also the earliest musical instrument recognized by experts in the world. Experiments show that Jia Hu Bone Flute can not only play traditional five-tone or seven-tone music, but also play ethnic minority or foreign music with various tones. Its excavation rewrote the history of pre-Qin music and even the whole history of China music, which has unparalleled importance and value. Its appearance undoubtedly provides valuable information for us to study the development history of China's music and musical instruments. More importantly, as a rare prehistoric artifact, as the first peak that the Chinese nation must cross from ignorance to civilization, it has a great influence on the ritual and music system in China, Taoism and Taoism in China, and even the whole Chinese culture and civilization! Lotus Crane Square Pot 1923 was unearthed in Lijialou Village, Chengguan, Xinzheng, Henan. Height 120cm, caliber 3 1cm. Artifacts from the Spring and Autumn Period. There is a crown cover on the pot, and the pot has a long neck, a hanging belly and a full circle. The pot is magnificent in shape and elegant in decoration. The crown of the pot is in the shape of a double-layer lotus petal, and a crane spreading its wings stands on the flat cover in the middle; On both sides of the neck of the pot, the dragon-shaped monster looking back from the wall is the ear; The vessel was covered with flat lines, and the four corners of the abdomen clung to a small three-dimensional animal. Below the circle, there are two bijuu sticking out their tongues, completely supporting the heavy container. Its novel conception and ingenious design combine freshness, liveliness, solemnity and mystery. It is regarded as a symbol of the spirit of the times and a wordless monument to the "fairy world"! Chu Tomb No.2 (Zigeng Tomb) in Sixia, Xichuan, Henan Province was unearthed in 1978. It is 28.8cm high,103cm long and 46cm wide. Artifacts from the Spring and Autumn Period. Take the prohibition of alcohol as an example. Its body is supported by copper stalks with different thicknesses. Twelve dragon-shaped animals climb around the prohibition, and the other twelve crouch under it. Its craft is exquisite and complicated, which is amazing. The whole ban was cast by lost wax method (investment process). According to documents, China first used the lost wax method in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. "Tang Yao Hui" records that Bao Tong in Kaiyuan was cast by lost wax method during the Wude period of Emperor Gaozu. Because the lost wax method was seen late in the literature, it is generally believed that the lost wax method in China originated from Indian. The excavation of moire copperplate pushed forward the history of lost wax casting technology in China by 1 100 years. This forbidden casting date was not later than 552 BC, and it was one of the rich funerary objects of Ling Yin (equivalent to the prime minister) when King Chu Kang was in power. The map of four gods and clouds 1987 was unearthed in Shiyuan Tomb in Wangling District, Mangdang Mountain, Yongcheng, Henan Province. The mural is 5.14m long from north to south and 3.27m wide from east to west, with an area of16.8m.. The owner of Shiyuan Tomb is Liu Mai, the second generation king of Liang in the Western Han Dynasty, and the son of Liang Xiaowang Liu Wu, a famous vassal king of Liang (the second son of Emperor Wen). The most precious thing unearthed in this tomb is the four gods cloud and gas map known as "Dunhuang before Dunhuang". The main contents of murals are dragons, white tigers, suzaku, monsters, ganoderma lucidum, moire and so on, which are of great historical and artistic value. It is not only the fresco with the earliest age, the largest picture, the highest level and the most complete preservation seen in China at present, but also a magnificent epic bearing the Chinese immortal thought in the early Western Han Dynasty! 1982, Wuzhai gold bamboo slips unearthed in Ji Junfeng, Songshan, Zhongyue, are 36.2 cm long, 8 cm wide, 0. 1 cm thick and weigh 223.5 g ... artifacts of the early Tang Dynasty. Golden bamboo slips are rectangular, with three lines of 63 characters engraved on the front. It describes that Wu Zetian came to Songshan on July 7th, the first year of the 9th (AD 700) to pray for blessings, and sent Hu Chao, a court eunuch, to cast bamboo slips on the gods in order to eliminate crimes and disasters. This is the only gold slip found in China at present. The discovery of this rare treasure is not only the physical data for studying the activities of the first empress Wu Zetian in Songshan, but also the direct material evidence for worshipping immortals and Taoism, and it is also the valuable data for studying the social ideology in the Wu and Zhou Dynasties! What is engraved on the golden slips is not only the inner world of Wu Zetian, but also the mental journey of the Chinese nation's "harmony between man and nature"! The iron sword with jade handle 1990 unearthed from Guo Tomb in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, is 20cm long and13cm long, belonging to the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The sword body is made of iron, and the iron sword body is connected with a copper core embedded in the jade stem. The joint of the sword head and the hilt is inlaid with turquoise pieces. When unearthed, it has been folded into two pieces, and the body of the sword is covered with a layer of silk, which is packed in an elaborate leather scabbard. Archaeology divides the long human society into three eras: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, which respectively correspond to the three social forms in history: primitive society, slave society and feudal society. The discovery of iron sword with jade handle, copper core and iron body pushed the history of iron smelting in China forward for 200 years, which indicated that iron, as a new representative of social productive forces, had sprouted and announced the arrival of feudal society. It can be called "the first sword of China"! Ru kiln glass carved goose neck bottle 1987 was unearthed at the Ruins of Ru kiln in Liang Qing Temple, Baofeng, Henan, with a height of 19.6 cm, a caliber of 5.8 cm and a foot diameter of 8.4 cm. Artifacts of the late Northern Song Dynasty. Ruyao glass carved goose neck bottle is a rare and unique treasure in China. Ruyao is one of the five famous kilns in Northern Song Dynasty! Ruguan Kiln is a royal porcelain, and its firing time is very short, only about 20 years in the late Northern Song Dynasty. After that, the Ru kiln disappeared and the technology was lost. There are only 67 and a half pieces of official porcelain handed down from ancient times, which are rare in the market. According to documents, Ru kiln is known as "azure is precious, pink is precious, and sky blue is precious". So far, a * * * has found four blue glaze artifacts handed down from ancient times in Ruguan kiln; Azure glaze is the only one in the archaeological excavation of Ruguanyao site. Among the five glazed works, this one is the only one that has been scientifically excavated by archaeologists, and it is also the only one engraved with flowers, which is precious!