Abstract: With the development of China's market economy, the status of public management and industrial and commercial management has improved significantly, and the two different types of management have the same economic strategic development trend. By analyzing the concepts of public management and business administration respectively, this paper puts forward the differences and relations between public management and business administration.
Keywords: public management; Business administration; Difference and connection
Both public management and enterprise management belong to the category of management science, which has the same characteristics as management science, and can realize the rational allocation of resources through planning, organization and coordination. However, there are essential differences between public administration and industrial and commercial administration. Understanding the differences and relations between public administration and industrial and commercial administration can effectively prevent the dislocation of the subject and object of its administration.
First, the concept of public management analysis
The concept of public administration was put forward in the 1970s, which is the inevitable result of the development of public administration and the dilemma and challenge faced by traditional public administration. Public administration is the extension and reform of public administration. There is no substantive difference between the two, but public administration pays more attention to social fairness and equality. The emergence of public management is a function of public organizations, and its main purpose is to realize public interests. Public management includes many contents, mainly administrative management, urban management, development management and so on. It is an important branch of modern management discipline and has broad development prospects. The core of public management is the government. Through policy, economy, law and other methods, strengthen the management ability of the government, improve the management performance and service quality of the government, and realize the maximization of public interests. Public management has diversified subjects, which can promote the further development of social public affairs and maximize the benefits of social public affairs. It is an urgent task to realize the responsibility of public management by regulating public resources and establish a public management system and effective methods.
Second, the concept of enterprise management analysis
Business administration is a discipline that studies the basic theory and general methods of economic management of industrial and commercial enterprises, which mainly includes two aspects, namely, formulating enterprise development strategy and managing internal behavior of enterprises. Business administration has strong applicability and is an indispensable management department of enterprises. Business administration is more demanding. Through the application of management science, economics and other knowledge, the enterprise management and business strategy formulation are implemented through modern management means to ensure the survival and smooth development of enterprises. As an important branch of management, it is an important goal of enterprise management to stabilize the survival and promote the development of enterprises. Business administration involves a wide range of contents, is highly professional, and requires high theoretical knowledge and comprehensive ability. Doing a good job in enterprise management is an important foundation for the smooth development of enterprises.
Third, the difference between public management and enterprise management.
1. Public management and business administration involve different fields.
The fields involved in public management and business management are quite different. First of all, public * * * management is mainly responsible for the public * * * field, involving public * * * issues. Business administration involves the private sector and is a competitive business enterprise based on enterprises. The field of public affairs mainly refers to government agencies and institutions. Among them, the problem of public affairs refers to the social problems that are widely influenced by public affairs, inseparable and directly related to public interests. The problems of public affairs generally involve a wide range and are complex, including environmental problems, traffic safety, food hygiene and so on. The problem of public affairs has a great influence, not only on a single individual, but also on a team or most people. Secondly, the private sphere involved in business administration is completely opposite to the public sphere. Business management is the management of profit-making organizations, that is, enterprise management, and its basic nature is different. Enterprise management pays more attention to the allocation of enterprise resources and the optimization of production factors, with the goal of obtaining maximum benefits.
2. The resource allocation of public management and enterprise management is different.
The main body of public management is government departments. In order to realize the effective implementation of public management, it is necessary to control public resources, including the following three aspects: First, public power. Public power is the binding force and compulsion of the government to realize public management, and it is the legal qualification to manage social public affairs. Public power belongs to all members of society, not to private individuals. Its function is to realize the interests of the public, and it has the characteristics of strong authority, strong rigidity and unconstrained. Second, government resources. Government resources include manpower, material resources and financial resources, and the most important thing is the control of financial resources. The financial resources of the government are the property of the public and the basis for the government to engage in public affairs. Finally, natural resources. Various natural resources also belong to government resources, including land and minerals. The main body of enterprise management is non-public resources, and its power is private right, which is also a force of enterprise organization. An enterprise is a basic unit that can engage in economic activities such as commodity production and circulation. Its private rights include binding force and property rights. The private right of an enterprise is enjoyed by private individuals and is a non-public resource. The sources of material resources and human resources in business administration are different from those in public administration. They are not supported by the government, but obtained from investment reports. Therefore, facing the market competition, business administration pays more attention to the survival and development of enterprises.
3. The goals of public management and enterprise management are different.
Public management with the government as the main body mainly represents the public interests of society. Its essence is the nature of public interest, and its evaluation standard is also based on the interests of most people. Public management pays more attention to social equity and social justice, and its goal is to safeguard public interests to the maximum extent, thus realizing the fair and just personalized distribution of public interests and enhancing social welfare. Business administration represents the management of for-profit organizations, and its goal is to maximize the interests of the private sector. Its main body is a broker, which is based on market rules and controlled by market norms. Business administration is based on efficiency, realizing the expansion of private interests. Although industrial and commercial enterprises also contribute to national finance, their ultimate goal is to realize their own interests.
4. The operating mechanism and mode of public management and enterprise management are different.
Public management manages public affairs by using public power. The essence of its operating mechanism is the operating mechanism of public power, and its basic basis is laws and regulations. Therefore, public * * * management is a kind of legal management, including two aspects: First, administration according to law, management of public affairs according to the powers and functions stipulated by law, division of responsibilities and efforts to manage the process. Second, legal supervision. The whole process of public management needs to be conducted under the internal and external supervision of laws and regulations. Enterprise management operates according to market rules. Although the market economy also needs to follow the legal requirements, this norm is only external, and there are hidden constraints in the laws of market economy to maintain the normal operation of the market.
Fourthly, the relationship between public management and enterprise management.
Public management and business administration are both important branches of management. They are both different and related, and they are dialectical unity. Both public management and enterprise management are based on the basic theories, methods and knowledge of management, and realize management by means of organization, control, leadership, decision-making, implementation and supervision. In the process of management, although the management objects are different and the operation mechanism is different, the problems encountered are basically the same, such as organizational problems, supervision problems, implementation problems and so on. Paying attention to and discussing these problems constitutes a * * * problem between enterprise management and public management, which is the biggest * * * commonality between them.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
To sum up, public management and enterprise management belong to the category of management science, and they are different in management essence, management field, resource allocation, management objectives and operation mechanism, but they have * * * commonalities in management methods, management means and management problems. Grasping the differences and connections between public management and enterprise management is conducive to the long-term development of public and private interests.
References:
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