Pediatrics; Keywords; Family members of children; Psychological nursing
In pediatrics, the nursing object is children. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, human needs are divided into five layers: physiological needs, security needs, love and belonging needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. These five needs are reflected in children to varying degrees. In order to meet these needs, psychological nursing is a very important means and method. However, in children, because of the limited language expression and understanding ability, it is difficult to carry out psychological care, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect and purpose, or even achieve the opposite effect. In order to better carry out the nursing work, we carried out psychological care for parents, and made use of the close relationship and familiar expressions between parents and children, and achieved good nursing effects.
At present, most children in life are only children, and their parents are particularly nervous when they are sick. Exaggerate the illness and put forward too high demands on medical staff. Therefore, the psychological care for children is actually the psychological care of parents to a large extent. The psychological state of parents has a direct influence on children. For example, parents' dissatisfaction with nurses can be transformed into children's anger at nurses. In clinical practice, we find that parents and children have almost the same performance on many psychological problems, such as parents' fear, sadness and anxiety. These psychological problems interact with children's psychological performance, but parents and children have different feelings about the subject of the disease, which makes parents have some psychological performance that children do not have. For example, I hope that the role will change, instead of children receiving painful treatment. Therefore, we discuss the different psychological manifestations of parents and the nursing care of these psychological manifestations.
1 Causes and manifestations of major psychological problems of children's parents
Anxiety and nervousness
1. 1. 1 Lack of understanding of diseases and strangeness to the environment lead to anxiety; It is manifested by repeatedly asking about the illness, hoping for a positive answer or constantly asking about the situation of medical staff, hoping to transfer to a bed managed by experienced medical staff.
1. 1.2 Stress and anxiety caused by illness changes during hospitalization; It is manifested by repeatedly stating the changes of the condition, requiring medical staff to keep observing and worrying about the omission of the condition.
1. 1.3 anxiety caused by heavy economic burden of long-term hospitalization; Peace of mind treatment, requiring early discharge.
1.2 fear and anxiety
1.2. 1 Parents' fear of the prognosis of the disease shows that they are sensitive to the prognosis of other children with the same disease, especially the families of children with acute and severe diseases, and are very pessimistic, and avoid saying some questions or even words related to life and death.
1.2.2 out of love for children, I am afraid of all kinds of injections and invasive examinations; The performance is that the parents of the children dare not look at or avoid it during the examination and treatment.
1.3 Doubt and distrust
1.3. 1 Ignorance of the disease leads to doubts about the treatment plan, which is manifested in refusing to cooperate with the medical staff for treatment, and using their own so-called methods or online inquiry to compare with the doctor's diagnosis without authorization, and the online plan shall prevail.
1.3.2 distrust of medical staff due to age, gender, language, dress and other external conditions and performance; It is characterized by distrust of the technical level of medical staff and requires the replacement of competent medical staff.
1.3.3 doubts about the treatment ability and conditions caused by the limitation of medical facilities and treatment environment; The performance is critical of the hospitalization environment and facilities and requires transfer.
2. Other psychological manifestations of children's parents
2. 1 tolerance
Tolerance and support for children's incorrect behavior is the same performance of many parents. They think that their children's illness is caused by their poor care, and they feel guilty about their children, so they try their best to meet the unreasonable demands of their children's illness, and even many wrong behaviors such as beating and scolding medical staff do not abide by discipline; In particular, some parents of terminally ill children failed to stop their unreasonable demands for food, clothing, housing and transportation and deliberately destroyed items, and expressed dissatisfaction with the staff's stop.
2.2 sense of dependence
Parents also rely on nursing staff to take care of their children's daily lives, but they lack confidence in themselves for fear that their actions will hurt their children.
2.3 in the same boat
Parents of children with the same disease are very easy to communicate and compassionate, especially parents of seriously ill or terminally ill children; Parents of patients in new hospitals sometimes trust the experience of old patients more than doctors.
3 nursing measures
First of all, we should find out the psychological problems of children's parents, analyze the causes of these psychological problems, and carry out psychological care according to different reasons.
3. 1 Nursing care of parents' anxiety
3. 1. 1 If you are not familiar with the anxiety caused by the environment, nurses can introduce the hospital environment and ward facilities in detail, the various regulations that need to be observed during hospitalization, the doctors and nurses in charge, and who to call if you need help. To help parents get familiar with the medical environment.
3. 1.2 For anxiety caused by ignorance of diseases, health education can be carried out, introducing the illness, causes, general treatment schemes and nursing measures, especially the nursing measures that parents can do at ordinary times, such as diet care, and explaining in detail which foods can and cannot be eaten. Let parents know something about the disease and have confidence in what they can do for their children.
3. 1.3 For anxiety caused by illness change, nurses should patiently explain the possible causes of illness change and explain to parents that the current treatment plan is formulated according to the needs of children's illness, so that parents can rest assured of the medical plan; At the same time, nurses should strengthen inspections and reassure parents with practical actions.
3. 1.4 For anxiety caused by economic reasons, we should first understand the parents' current difficulties, but we should emphasize the necessity of the current treatment plan, explain the possible impact of interrupting treatment on children, and encourage parents to overcome difficulties and communicate with doctors. In terms of medication, it is necessary to start using drugs with lower prices and indications and reduce unnecessary inspections; It is also necessary to give care from life, so that parents have the confidence to insist on treatment.
3.2 Nursing of parents' fear
3.2. 1 For the fear caused by worrying about the prognosis of the disease, the nurse should explain the possible prognosis of the child's disease, so that parents can understand and prepare for the possible situation of the child during the treatment. For diseases with good prognosis, parents can use encouraging language when explaining them, so that parents can see the hope of cure; If the prognosis is not good, comfort parents with euphemistic language, give psychological support, and let parents face the disease correctly. Especially for chronic diseases, we should point out the progress of modern science and technology, don't give up hope, tell parents in positive language, and the hospital will do its best to treat them.
3.2.2 If you are afraid of the child's examination or treatment, you should inform parents of the steps and methods of the examination and the purpose of the examination before the examination, and sincerely tell parents that "we will reduce the pain suffered by the child to a certain extent." When doing treatment, we should improve the success rate of surgery, such as scalp venipuncture in children. If it succeeds once, it can help parents reduce their fears.
3.3 Nurses' doubts and distrust of their parents
3.3. 1 If you are in doubt about the treatment caused by the difference of online treatment schemes, you can explain the individual differences to the parents of patients. Online therapy is a general treatment for most people, and different measures should be taken according to different situations. By analyzing this treatment plan which is the same as the child's specific condition, parents' doubts can be eliminated.
3.3.2 For distrust caused by external conditions such as words and deeds of medical staff, we should actively communicate with parents of children, pay attention to technical communication, and win the trust of parents by establishing their own good image.
3.3.3 For the distrust and doubt of medical level caused by limited medical conditions, we can make up for the lack of hardware by improving the technical level of medical diagnosis and nursing, and enhance parents' confidence with good nursing service.
3.4 Nursing care of other psychological manifestations
3.4. 1 Nursing of parents' tolerant psychology It should be pointed out to parents that blindly tolerating children's doting behavior is not conducive to the healthy development of children's body and mind, and that children should not only have a healthy body, but also have good psychological quality. I hope that parents should not blindly protect their children when nurses educate them.
3.4.2 The nursing of parents' dependence psychology can make use of parents' dependence on nurses to establish a good nurse-patient relationship, but it is not necessary to leave all the daily nursing work that parents can do for their children to nurses. Instead, it teaches parents correct daily care knowledge, such as how to change diapers correctly, how to keep children's skin clean, how to feed children correctly, and how to add complementary food in time. To help parents carry out daily care independently. This can not only help children get correct care, but also increase the feelings between nurses and patients, which is conducive to the development of nursing work.
3.4.3 Parents in the same boat can make use of this psychology to recommend cases that actively cooperate with treatment and nursing, so that the disease can recover well. These parents personally point out the importance and advantages of cooperative nursing, which can make parents actively cooperate with nursing. But parents should be prevented from asking about the so-called' remedies'. Once found, we should stop it in time and point out the mistakes and serious consequences to parents.
Through psychological care and psychological support for parents, parents' doubts about medical care work can be eliminated, and they can actively cooperate with nursing and treatment, which can actively influence the psychology of children, make them easy to accept the care of nurses and be willing to communicate with nurses, so that the nursing plan can be carried out smoothly and the nursing procedure is in a virtuous circle. It is not only beneficial to the recovery of children's diseases, but also helpful to the formation of children's good psychological quality, which enhances the harmony of nurse-patient relationship, greatly reduces the occurrence of pediatric nurse-patient disputes, and greatly promotes the improvement of pediatric nursing quality.