Abstract: Volleyball is a sport that originated in the United States and is widely popular all over the world. Volleyball is a collective, offensive and defensive sport in which two teams with the same number of players hit the ball into the opponent's court from the net according to the rules, without making the ball fall on their own court. As college students majoring in volleyball, they must learn the basic theoretical knowledge and skills of volleyball, know how to appreciate volleyball matches and be able to participate in simple volleyball matches. As a sport, volleyball can not only exercise people's health, but also cultivate people's ability to judge, analyze and respond to emergencies, as well as the collectivism spirit of unity, cooperation and tenacious struggle.
Keywords: origin, characteristics, volleyball, volleyball health
First, the origin of volleyball
Volleyball originated in America. 1895, Holyoake, Massachusetts (formerly known as Massachusetts), a man named Williams? Guy? It was invented by Morgan's sportsmen. At that time, tennis and basketball were very popular. Mr Morgan thinks basketball is too intense and tennis is too little. He wants to find an indoor entertainment project with moderate exercise and strong interest, which can be attended by men, women and children. He wanted to move tennis, which was popular at that time, indoors and play it with his hands on the basketball court. At the beginning of the game, he hung the tennis net on the basketball court and played the game with the basketball net like tennis. However, the indoor basketball court is small and tennis is easy to go out of bounds, so he made some improvements: first, he changed the rule that tennis is allowed to return after landing to not landing; The second is to expand the scale of tennis; Third, basketball is too big and too heavy to play in the expected way, so we play basketball instead. And basketball is too timid and erratic in the air. It is inconvenient to play and difficult to control. Therefore, the city's "spaulding Sporting Goods Company" tried to make a ball with a circumference of 25-27 cm (about 255-346 grams). This newly listed ball game did not have a fixed name at first, nor did it have certain venues and rules. There is no limit to the number of participants, as long as the ball doesn't land, you can return the ball from the internet to the opponent's court. This new sport was originally called mintonette, and the following year (1896), Ai? Special? Dr hals Dieter named the ball "volleyball", which means "ball flying in the air", and this name is still in use today. However, because the trial effect was good, I decided to use this ball. Although the international standard ball has been improved thousands of times in a hundred years, its specifications are almost the same as those of the first generation.
Second, the rules of volleyball
The volleyball competition venue is a rectangle of 18m× 9m, with at least 2m open space around and no obstacles at least 7m above the venue. Draw a line in the middle of the court and divide the court into two equal areas. All lines are 5 cm wide. There is a net on the center line of the site. The net is 1 m wide and 9.50m long, and it is hung on two posts outside the stadium. The height of women's net is 2.24 meters, and that of men's net is 2.43 meters. At the junction of the two ends of the net perpendicular to the sideline and the center line, there are 5 cm wide sign belts respectively, and a sign pole with a length of 1.80 m is connected to the outside of the sign belt. The circumference of the ball is 65 ~ 67 cm, the weight is 260 ~ 280 g, and the air pressure is 0.40 ~ 0.45 kg/cm2.
The volleyball match starts with a team serving on the right (1 position) in the back row, and then each team can touch the ball three times (excluding blocking). If the ball hits the ground, an obstacle or a player fouls, it is a dead ball, and the side that caused the dead ball scores a goal. Only when the server wins 1 ball will he get 1 point. If the server fouls, makes mistakes or the receiver wins 1, the receiver gains the right to serve, and its players must rotate 1 clockwise. The first four games adopt a 25-point system, and each team wins at least 25 points and surpasses the other team by 2 points to win 1 game. The official competition adopts the best of five games system, and the deciding game adopts the competition system of 15. After the first team scored 8 points, the two teams switched venues and continued the game to the finish line in the original position order. There was no highest score in the deciding game, and the game went on until the first team scored 2 points.
Third, the characteristics of volleyball
1, broad masses: the volleyball court is simple in equipment and easy to master the rules of the game. It can not only compete and train on the court, but also exercise in the general open space. The amount of exercise can be large or small, which is suitable for people of different ages, genders, physiques and training levels.
2. Technical comprehensiveness: According to the rules, each player should rotate his position, not only to smash the block in the front row, but also to defend the back row. Each player is required to master all skills and be competent for all positions.
3. Technical height: The rules stipulate that the ball cannot land in the game, and it is not allowed to hold the ball or combo. The short hitting time and changeable hitting space determine the high technology of volleyball.
4. Fierce confrontation: In volleyball matches, the offensive and defensive conversion between the two sides is always carried out in fierce confrontation. In high-level competitions, the focus of confrontation is online deduction. In a game, it often takes six or seven rounds to win a point. Super-high-level competition is more intense.
5. Duality of offensive and defensive techniques: Volleyball is an event that can score and lose points with various techniques. This situation is more prominent in the deciding game, so every technology has the dual nature of attack and defense. Therefore, technology is required to be both offensive and accurate.
6. Strict collectivity: Volleyball competition is a team event, and it is a collective cooperation except serving. Without strict collective cooperation, even the best individual skills are difficult to play, let alone play the role of tactics. The higher the team level, the closer the collective cooperation.
Fourthly, volleyball and health.
Volleyball is a popular sport among college students, which is of great value for promoting physical and mental health. Regular participation in volleyball can not only improve the functions of the central nervous system and internal organs, but also develop physical qualities such as strength, bounce, speed and agility, and enhance physical fitness.
(1) Through purposeful and systematic study of volleyball techniques, college students can promote their normal physical growth and development, as well as the good development of their physical functions and physical fitness, and can effectively achieve the horizontal goal in the field of sports health learning.
(2) Physical education has a good influence on mental health, and the horizontal goal in the field of mental health learning requires students to learn to reduce their emotional state and increase their self-esteem and self-confidence through physical activities; Form a strong will quality. In particular, volleyball has the characteristics of offensive and defensive antagonism, skill, variability, collectivity and cooperation, which will have a positive impact on college students' psychology. Volleyball is a game won through collective cooperation. When the level of the two sides is quite intense, the tacit cooperation will be closer and more collective. It requires the six players on the field to support each other, understand each other, cooperate with wit, be flexible and work hard to win the final victory. Regular participation in volleyball training or competitions will help you learn a lot of means and methods to control your emotions and adjust your psychology, such as how to calm yourself down as soon as possible when you make continuous mistakes, and don't be discouraged; Calm and not discouraged when the score is behind; The key point is self-confidence in not being soft in attack, which is to cultivate and exercise their good psychological quality. Regular participation in volleyball practice and competition can also cultivate students' excellent sports moral style, collectivism spirit of unity and cooperation, good quality and competitive consciousness, and improve their psychological adaptability and quality.
(3) It is helpful for social college students to cultivate a good spirit of cooperation and competition, form a good interpersonal relationship, and improve their ability to obtain sports and health information from modern society. First of all, volleyball is a collective event, and the process of college students' participation in volleyball learning or competition is also a process of interpersonal communication, which will help college students improve their communicative competence and have communicative competence. In the future, when they go to the capital, they can cope with all kinds of complicated relationships and contacts in society. Secondly, in volleyball study and competition, the application of sports skills and various changes on the field can cultivate students' instant adaptability, which is an important ability to adapt to society. Thirdly, in volleyball practice and competition, students' creative thinking ability can be cultivated by organizing technical movements and changing the structure of combined content. Creative thinking ability is the key ability of social adaptation and development, and students' judgment and analysis ability and coping ability can be cultivated by using and changing skills and tactics in the competition field. All these are helpful for the society to adapt to the reality of horizontal goals in the field of learning.
(4) It is conducive to cultivating people's information awareness and improving cooperation and adaptability.
In a sense, volleyball is a sport that depends on judgment, especially in modern volleyball competition, accurate judgment has become one of the winning factors. The basis of judgment is to look at all directions and listen to all directions. By observing the movements of opponents and companions, the sound of hitting the ball, the layout of the venue, etc. He can predict what will happen and make a quick decision. Volleyball competition is also a ball game won by collective cooperation, and the exertion of individual strength is often realized on the premise that peers exert their strength. Therefore, athletes should cooperate with each other on the court and constantly observe the intentions of their peers in order to cooperate tacitly.
There may be countless differences between people, but people and sports are highly similar, and everyone will cheer for the victory of athletes. Vigorously developing sports can not only strengthen people's physique and improve people's health level, but also cultivate people's healthy and reasonable lifestyle and greatly enhance people's national identity. Volleyball is both competitive and entertaining, and people of different ages, genders and technical levels can participate in activities or competitions. Therefore, volleyball is of great significance to the popularization of sports and the improvement of national quality.