Traditional festivals of Bai nationality include March Street and Torch Festival.
March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is the biggest festival for Bai people. The annual summer calendar is held from March 15 to 20 at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, businessmen from Sichuan, Tibet and Jiangnan provinces came here to do business. After the founding of New China, March Street has developed into an annual material exchange and national sports literature and art conference.
Torch Festival is held every year on June 25th in the summer calendar, which is a traditional festival of Bai people. On the festival day, men, women and children get together to worship their ancestors. Through activities such as torch worship, lighting, lighting torches and jumping torches, I wish crops a bumper harvest and six animals a prosperous life.
What are the holiday customs of Bai nationality?
Domicile:
Bai people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and others are distributed in various parts of Yunnan Province, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Sangzhi County of Hunan Province.
Language and writing:
Bai people use Bai language, which belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three dialects: southern, central and northern. Most Bai people use their own language and are familiar with Chinese.
National art:
Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful legends and stories have been handed down to this day, such as Genesis, Burning Song Ming Pagoda and Wang Fuyun, and many of them have been put on the stage of drama.
Religious belief:
National worship is equivalent to the master of village gods and believes in Buddhism.
National festivals:
Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. There are also "Torch Festival" (also known as Chinese Valentine's Day) and other national festivals.
Every holiday, in addition to the necessary holiday food, there are also sacrificial activities such as worshipping Buddha, offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestor worship. This festival is the biggest. Starting from the twelfth lunar month, every household should buy new year's goods, such as killing pigs, grinding bean curd, bait pieces and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, every host should bring food, tea and wine, and use trays to worship along the eight roads of heaven and earth, gates, wells, kitchen gods and ancestral tablets. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. Grand reunion dinner, a big copper hot pot is placed in the center of the dining table, and pig's head meat must be served, surrounded by eight bowls of profound Japanese cuisine.
Sacrifice:
Mid-Autumn Festival and worship to heaven are special festivals, especially the Mid-Autumn Festival in July of the lunar calendar every year, which is a festival to worship ancestors and the dead. If it is a new funeral home, it will be even more grand. At that time, eight bowls of delicious dishes should be prepared, including thousands of pieces of meat, ribs, crispy meat, stuffed eggplant, lily, morel and stuffed fish. Every dish is not only exquisite in materials but also exquisite in workmanship. In case of immediate family members or in-laws, a banquet called "three drops of water" will be made before the funeral to express condolences. The so-called "three drops of water" banquet refers to fruits, sacrificial ceremonies (similar to dishes made by phoenix fish and lions) and eight bowls.
Food customs:
Bai people are usually used to not having three meals. In busy farming season or holiday, add more breakfast and noon. Bai people in Pingba area mainly eat rice and wheat. Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potatoes and buckwheat. Steamed food is the main staple food, and dry rice is often eaten. When they go out on business, they take lunch boxes and eat cold meals on the spot.
Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people. Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "hangover tea". Bake it as soon as you get up, and adults drink it. There is "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea" in afternoon tea, and rice flowers are put in it like a milk fan, including children.
Most Bai people like drinking, and brewing is the main sideline of Bai families. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of home-brewed wines. When making wine, more than 40 kinds of medicinal materials are often used to make koji and make various kinds of liquor, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially brewed for women and pregnant women. It is said that it has nourishing and prolactin effects.
Marriage customs:
When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. At the wedding, have tea first, and then what? Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).
Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
Etiquette:
Receive guests warmly, whether they know each other or not. All guests will be regarded as "three teas". Three teas are the most exquisite tea ceremony of Bai people, that is, tea is poured in three times: the first time is pure baked tea, the second time is adding walnut slices, milk fans and brown sugar, and the third time is adding honey and a little pepper. So it has the characteristics of bitter taste, sweet taste and endless aftertaste. When eating, the older guests sit at the top, and the younger ones sit on both sides or at the bottom in turn. They should always add rice and soup to the elders and guests and wait enthusiastically. ...
What festivals do Bai people have?
The main festivals of Bai nationality are New Year's Day, March Street, Around the Three Souls, Torch Festival, Going to the Sea and Watching the Sun. Like the Han nationality, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also celebrated. Among them, "March Street" and "Torch Festival" are famous for their distinctive features. ?
the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year
The Bai people living in Bijiang, Yunnan have their own unique calendar. They decide the seasons according to the growth of trees. When the peach blossoms are in bud, this is their March, and when the leaves of sumac trees grow to five inches, this is May ... In this way, they regard a year as thirteen months, not twelve months.
March and March are their rest months in a year. March is March Festival, and March is China New Year. However, there is only one day for Chinese New Year, which is not fixed. It is agreed by the old people of all clans in the village every year. On the morning after the New Year was decided, the whole village, led by the prestigious old people, held a tree sacrifice ceremony under the big tree in Zhaitou with homemade rice wine and glutinous rice cakes, wishing good weather, prosperous livestock and bumper crops in the coming year. After the memorial service, people will first pay New Year greetings to the old people, and then exchange New Year's wine and Baba. ...
After the memorial service, everyone went back to kill Nianzhu. If it is agreed that cook the meat is the partner to eat on this day, the pig slayer will take out one-tenth of the meat and cook it for everyone. If you don't eat together, the family that kills pigs should also give the pork to those who don't raise pigs to show solidarity and friendship.
march street
March Street: Known as Guanyin City or Guanyin Club in ancient times, it has a history of 1000 years. The annual summer calendar is held in March at the foot of Zhonghe Peak in Cangshan, western Dali. The content of the festival was originally a Buddhist temple fair, with a grand lecture and worship activities. This is a traditional festival of the Bai people, which is held every year at the foot of Zhonghe Peak in Dali and in the open space beside the Xi Zhong River. During the "March Street", businessmen from thousands of miles away and neighboring counties came from all directions to participate in the transaction. There are all kinds of goods in the market, from medicinal materials to food, furniture and livestock. It is the largest commodity trading gathering place in western Yunnan.
It is said that a long time ago, there was a tyrant who wanted to live forever. He listened to a follower's words and ate a couple of people's eyes every day, which brought profound disasters to the local Bai people. At that time, there was a warrior full of magical power. One day in March, he tricked the tyrant into the foothills of Cangshan Mountain and Fengfeng Mountain, called a god dog to bite the tyrant's throat, drank his blood, wiped out the demon king and eliminated evil for the Bai people. In order to commemorate the great day when the warriors and the Bai people were saved, people gathered at the foot of Cangshan Mountain from March 15 to 20 every year, singing and dancing. Year after year, the annual "March Street" was formed. At present, during the "March Street", in addition to exchanging materials, folk songs and dances, sports and other activities are also performed. Especially the riders of all ethnic groups who participated in the Jockey Club gathered at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, whipping their horses and rushing to Erhai Lake like a cloud. The scene is spectacular.
Torch Festival
June 25th of the annual summer calendar is the most grand festival for the Bai people. On this day, every village will erect a high torch and every family will set up a small torch. As night falls, torches are lit together, just like thousands of fire dragons are rushing all over the mountains, and people are playing in the fields, catching insects and killing insects. Families with newborn babies invited villagers to drink "wedding wine" under the fire to congratulate their mother and son on their safety.
About three kinds of spirits
It is held every year from April 23rd to 25th of the lunar calendar. At that time, Bai people will worship Jingui Temple, Shengyuan Temple and Chongsheng Temple, and at the same time enjoy singing and dancing all night on the grass in front of the temple.
Grab the water above your head
New Year's Eve is an annual festival for the Bai people in Dali to grab the first water. When night falls, all the girls and boys are busy dressing up. They put on gorgeous national costumes, carried a string of firecrackers in their hands and a bucket on their shoulders. They marched in every corner of the village and came to the well with smiles on their faces. At midnight, only firecrackers were heard, and everyone scrambled to "grab the first sip of water". Every household picks up the robbed "head water" and goes home, then uses it to make soup balls, noodles and other foods, cooks them in bowls or plates, and respectfully sends them to the elderly from door to door to congratulate them on their happy, happy and healthy New Year. After the old man accepted the gift, he put a few cents on the plate when he returned it to show his age. I wish the younger generation healthy growth and happiness ... The activity of "grabbing the first water" fully embodies the national tradition of the Bai people to respect the old and love the young.
Play around the sea
The Bai people along the Erhai Lake in Yunnan hold a traditional sea-playing festival on June 24th of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it. ......
What are the traditional festivals of Bai nationality?
march street
Bai (ba)
About 6.5438+0.4 million people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed in various parts of Yunnan, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province and Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province. More than 90% of the population is engaged in agricultural production and is good at growing rice. Dali Sydney and Binchuan Orange are well-known specialties at home and abroad. Bai people have their own national language, and they have used Chinese since ancient times. Believe in Buddhism. Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful legends and stories have been handed down to this day, such as Genesis, Burning Song Ming Pagoda and Wang Fuyun, and many of them have been put on the stage of drama.
Custom: In the Bai family, the son is separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry. Receive guests warmly, whether they know each other or not. All the guests will be treated with "three teas". Three teas are the most exquisite tea ceremony, with the characteristics of bitterness, sweetness and aftertaste. Can't pour tea for guests. There is a saying among Bai people that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit". Bai people pay great attention to etiquette when eating. The elders and guests sit first, and the younger generation sits on both sides or next in turn. They are always ready to add rice and soup to their elders and guests, waiting enthusiastically.
Marriage custom: Bai young men propose to the girl, and the girl agrees to send Baba to the man. At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. Pay attention to tea first, then what? Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). Marriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
Dietary customs: Bai people in Pingba area mainly feed on rice and wheat; Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potatoes and buckwheat. The staple food is mainly steamed.
Because there are fresh vegetables all year round, Bai people like to eat fresh vegetables and all kinds of pickles every meal. Most Bai women are good at pickles, and there are many kinds of pickles. In addition to pickled fresh vegetables, they also make bean paste, lobster sauce and noodle sauce. Bai people in Jianchuan and Heqing often pick kelp flowers from Erhai Lake and cook them into various flavor dishes.
Meat is mainly pork. In addition to cooking with fresh pork, it also likes to marinate old pigs and process them into ham, sausage, pig liver, liver blowing, rice sausage and other delicious foods. In winter, Bai people like big pot of beef soup. Add mustard, radish, onion and other condiments to eat together. Bai people who live by the river are good at cooking fresh water.
Most Bai people like drinking. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of wine. When brewing wine, more than 40 kinds of medicinal materials are often used to make distiller's yeast and brew all kinds of white wine, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially brewed for women and pregnant women. It is said that it has nourishing and prolactin effects.
Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people. Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "hangover tea". You get drunk when you get up, and adults drink it. Afternoon tea is also called "rest tea" or "thirst quenching tea". There are rice flowers and milk in it, and even children need a drink.
There are many dishes of Bai nationality. Raw skin is one of the dishes that Bai people must order on holidays, and it is a cold meat dish mixed with a variety of spicy dishes. Donkey soup pot is made of donkey meat. Steamed pig's head with willow leaves is also one of the traditional dishes of Bai nationality. Put the pig's head on a wicker rack and put it in a pot. Bread cake is a special kind of cake made by Bai people in Mid-Autumn Festival. It is steamed with fermented dough and seasoning.
Clothing: Men and Bai men and women advocate white, which is noble. Most men in Dali wear white double-breasted clothes, black collars, or a few leather satin collars, commonly known as "three drops of water", with a belt or embroidered abdomen around their waist and blue or black pants under them. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered purse embroidered with the words "double finches climbing branches" and "Yuanyang playing in the water". Embroidered purse is a symbol of love and the crystallization of the wisdom of Bai girls.
Women's wear varies from place to place. In Dali, most women wear white shirts, red vests or light blue shirts, with black velvet collars, embroidered short waists, blue wide pants and embroidered "knotted shoes". The unmarried woman tied a pigtail on her head and wrapped a bright red rope around the white headscarf. Red and white complement each other. Embroidered waist and short waist are more gorgeous and elegant. Married women change their hair into a bun. On the east bank of Erhai Lake, women comb the hair style of "Phoenix Nodding" and cover it with silk screen or hair clasp, all of which are covered with embroidered towels or black cloth. Bai women have the custom of wearing earrings and bracelets. Bai Women in Eryuan County, Dali ......
What is the biggest festival of Bai nationality?
The most grand festival of Bai nationality is March Street in Dali.
March Street in Dali is a traditional ethnic activity with thousands of years of history. It is not only the oldest and most prosperous market in western Yunnan, but also an annual grand festival for folk art and sports exchanges among people of all ethnic groups in Dali.
There is also the Bai Torch Festival.
In Yunnan, many ethnic groups celebrate the Torch Festival, but each ethnic group has different methods. The Bai Torch Festival is held on June 25th of the lunar calendar every year. The white one is called "Wang Fu Dance", which means "June Carnival". Whether in cities, rural areas or mountainous areas, dam areas are world-famous. In the eyes of Bai people, it is the most grand festival after the Spring Festival. In addition to the collective activities of setting fire to the village, every household should prepare delicious food and various holiday supplies, and the married girl should go back to her parents' home for reunion. Before the festival, the streets were full of signs of Torch Festival-small buckets, small torches, paper sachets, and impatiens roots for women to dye their nails. The atmosphere of the red sun is very rich.
Do you know what traditional festivals Miao and Bai have?
The architectural style of Bai folk houses is unique. Residential buildings mostly adopt the format of "three squares and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios". They attach great importance to the decorative arts of gatehouse architecture and zhaobi, door and window carving and gable painting. The gatehouse is usually decorated with clay sculpture, wood carving, colored painting, stone carving, marble screen embossed tiles and blue bricks. Exquisite shape, overlapping arches, vigorous and steady, beautiful and generous, reflecting the architectural talent and artistic creativity of the Bai working people. Bai people prefer white, the overall color of their houses is white, and the color of Bai traditional costumes is also white, and white is noble. Men in Dali usually wear a white double-breasted coat with a black collar outside; Men in Haidong wear leather collars, or several pieces of leather satin collars, commonly known as "three drops of small", with a belt or embroidered abdomen around their waist and blue or black trousers under them. Women wear white coats, blue, red or black vests and embroidered aprons around their waists. Married women's headdresses are usually blue. The girl tied her braid with a red knot and then put a colored hand on her head. Lei Bai's tassel fluttered on the right side of her head, showing the charm of the girl. Dali Bai people love flowers, and almost every family grows herbs. There is a local saying that "three families look at a well and each family has several pots of flowers". Most girls' names have flowers, such as: golden flower, silver flower, Dehua flower, beautiful flower and spring flower. The unique festivals of the Bai nationality include "Around Three Souls", "Shi Baoshan Singing Festival", "Chief Sacrifice" and "Drama in the Sea", the grand and rich March Street, the Bai nationality's own "Torch Festival" and many other festivals. Vivi is an ancient and colorful nation, calling itself Mu, Meng, Damu and Daji. He said there were several situations. First, according to the color of clothing, it is called "red seedling", "flower seedling", "white seedling" and "black seedling" respectively; Second, according to the crops they live or grow, they are called "highland seedlings", "Bazhai seedlings" and "planting Jiang Miao"; Third, the rulers of the old society insulted them, such as "seedling", "ripe seedling" and "hemp seedling". After the founding of New China, it was collectively called Miao. Miao people in Guangxi account for 5.5% of the national Miao population, accounting for 1% of the population in Guangxi, ranking fourth after Han, Zhuang and Yao. Miao people in China are mainly distributed in Guizhou and Hunan, while Miao people in Guangxi mainly live in northern Guangxi, northwestern Guangxi and mountainous areas bordering Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan. The biggest feature of Miao nationality is that it is rich in all kinds of wood and local products and maintains a splendid and simple national tradition. Miao people have their own traditional festivals, such as Miao Year, Drum Festival and Lusheng Festival. But the most solemn and rich is the year of Miao. The time to celebrate the Year of Miao varies from place to place. The Miao year in Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng areas is generally on the first day of November in the lunar calendar. The Year of Miao is grand and warm. Besides ancestor worship and feasting, various activities will be held. When the new year comes, the whole family will keep the old age. After eating a "land-crossing meal" (a reunion dinner between Miao people and their ancestors in the underworld), people will carry out various activities to celebrate the New Year. Offering sacrifices to Longtan, Tian Shen and blowing sheng for dancing is the most grand scene in the Year of Miao. Praying for a bumper harvest is a major theme of Miao Year activities. During the Spring Festival, Miao people have all kinds of food, such as rice, glutinous rice, meat (sour meat) and fish (sour fish), and there is a special food called "Chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can stimulate appetite, keep out the wind and cold, and prevent colds. It is a standing food for Miao people. The existing population of Yao nationality is 265438+. There are1730,000 people in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Hekou, Jinping, Maguan, Funing, Wenshan, Malipo, Qiubei, Yuanyang, Lvchun and Honghe. In addition, there are a few distributions in Mengla, JD.COM and Jiangcheng. Historically, Yao and Miao have a close blood relationship, which originated from the "Wuling Man" tribe in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Around the Sui Dynasty, the Yao and Miao nationalities living in the present areas of Hunan and Hubei have split into two ethnic groups. Yao nationality in Yunnan moved to Wenshan from Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, it moved to the red river basin and Mojiang, Mengla and other places. Many Yao people in Yunnan can speak not only their own language, but also Chinese, Zhuang language and Miao language, which has historical reasons. In the past, Yao people called themselves Guo Shanyao, Hongtou Yao, Daban Yao, Pingtou Yao, Indigo Yao, Shayao and Baitou Yao because of their different life and dress characteristics. ......
What are the important festivals of the Yi and Bai nationalities?
Hello:
Torch Festival is an important festival for Yi and Bai people.
If my answer is helpful to you, please click the "Select Satisfied Answer" button below, thank you!
Bai nationality festival
The main traditional festivals of Bai nationality are "Around Three Gods"-Around Three Gods, also known as "Around Mountain Gods" and "Around Three Forests", which are traditional festivals of Bai nationality in Dali, Yunnan. The white one is called "viewing the landscape", which means "visiting the garden". "Around the Three Spirits" will last for three days from April 23rd to 25th of the lunar calendar. "Three Spirits" refers to Shengyuan Temple, Jingui Temple and Chongsheng Temple. "Around the Three Souls" is mainly a series of visits to these three temples. During the festival, there were a sea of people, and in the "three circles around the south and four circles around the north", songs and dances continued; Camping in the field at night, singing big songs of Bai nationality until dawn; It's an all-night carnival. "March Street"-"March Street", also known as "Guanyin City", "Guanyin Street" and "Sacrificing Guanyin Street", is a grand festival and street festival for the Bai people in Dali, Yunnan Province, and is held at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali from March 15 to 20 every year. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting. "Playing with the sea" —— "Playing with the sea", also known as "driving the corpse", is a traditional folk festival of the Bai people in Dali, Yunnan. The "Sea Play" lasts for one month, from July 23rd to August 23rd of the lunar calendar. The biggest one is Hubin Village on the west bank of Erhai Lake in Dali on August 8th. On the same day, many villages around the village gathered flowers to the water near Cai Village, but saw the white sails of Erhai Lake, and the shore was crowded with people, with more than ten miles of boats and more than ten thousand tourists. Other Bai festivals are Shi Baoshan Song Festival, Pig Festival and Bai's own Torch Festival.
What is the most important festival of Bai nationality?
life.sina/art/2005-05-09/ 18057453 1.shtml
Sanyue Street in Dali
March Street in Dali is a traditional ethnic activity with thousands of years of history. It is not only the oldest and most prosperous market in western Yunnan, but also an annual grand festival for folk art and sports exchanges among people of all ethnic groups in Dali.
March Street is held outside the west gate of Dali ancient city from March 15th of the lunar calendar every year, and lasts for seven to ten days. The shed is a city, where thousands of businessmen gather and trade a lot of local native products, Chinese herbal medicines, mules and horses, livestock and daily necessities. During the festival, traditional folk sports competitions are held every year, such as horse racing, dragon boat racing, crossbow shooting and swinging, as well as big Ben singing, classical music and folk song and dance performances, which are very lively.
March Street in Dali is known as "a street in a thousand years, a street in a thousand years." This is not only based on folklore, but also has a solid historical record:
In terms of folklore and myths and legends, March Street originated from Guanyin Temple Fair. According to legend, the land of Canger in Dali was originally occupied by a demon named Luo Cha. He made a living by eating people's eyes. Master Guanyin came to Dali and skillfully used magic to subdue Luo Cha. In order to prevent Luo Cha from making a comeback, 10,000 people gather in front of Cangshan Shrine (the street that has not changed so far) on March 15 every year. In order not to delay the livelihood of the people and let them do some business at the same time, Master Guanyin has formed an annual big market, and even March Street has always been called Guanyin City.
According to historical records, there are historical materials about the evolution of March Street in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. During Nanzhao period of Tang Dynasty, the most important historical event was that Wang Yimou Xun, the sixth generation of Nanzhao, and Cui Zuoshi, the envoy of Tang Dynasty, joined hands at Diancang Mountain Shrine in Zhenyuan Decade of Tang Dezong (AD 794) and made an iron scroll in quadruplicate, vowing to live in harmony with Tang Dynasty forever. Yi Mouxun asked everyone to gather in the square in front of the shrine on March 15 to commemorate this oath as heavy as Cangshan, and there was March Street from then on. In this sense, March Street is also a witness to the reunification of the motherland and national unity.
During the Dali Kingdom in the Song Dynasty, March Street became the largest horse and medicine trading market in southern China. Duan Zhengxing, the 17th king of Dali (the grandson of Duan and the son of Duan Yu), lived in Shaoxing for seventeen years (A.D. 1 147). In his thirty-one years in office, on the one hand, he actively reconciled with the Central Plains dynasty, on the other hand, he vigorously developed the economy. At that time, Dali was famous for producing thoroughbred horses in the Central Plains. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a horse buying company was set up in Yongzhou, Guangxi, to import Dali horses. So Duan Zhengxing turned March Street into a horse trading market, with 1500 good horses traded every year.
According to historical records, there are thousands of merchants in the horse market. Traders in Huguang and Sichuan exchanged department stores such as silk, pen and paper, rouge pollen and ginseng for horses, swords, medicinal materials and precious specialties such as ivory, rhinoceros horn and velvet antler in Tubo and western countries for more than 20 days. Gao Liangcheng, prime minister of Dali, also set up horse racing in the horse market, that is, horse racing. Since then, there has been a tradition of horse racing in March Street. In the evening, Wuhua Building is full of songs, feasts and dances. Every household is hung with lanterns, and the royal concubines also go to the city to play with people. During this period, March Street has developed into the largest border trade market in southern China.
Xu Xiake's travels in the Ming Dynasty clearly described the lively scene of March Street, in which "thirteen provinces have nothing, and all kinds of barbarians are everywhere in central Yunnan" and "men and women are mixed and indisputable". Li Yuanyang, a Bai scholar in the Ming Dynasty, also wrote in Yunnan Tongzhi: "On March 15th, we traded goods from different provinces under Cangshan Mountain. Since the reign of Tang Yonghui, the DPRK has been more tired and the city has remained unchanged. "
In the Qing Dynasty, March Street became larger and larger. Li Xiexi, a student studying in Japan in Dali at that time, wrote a poem describing the grand occasion of March Street: "In the past, there were several prosperous spring and autumn periods, and millions of dollars flowed. Sichuan, Guangzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou are exquisite commodities, and shopping malls are the best in Asia. " It shows that March Street has gained considerable international influence.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the scale and influence of March Street have been stronger year by year. Since 199 1 was designated as a legal festival for people of all ethnic groups in Dali, its culture, sports and economy have taken on a new look. Every year, people from all provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and Britain, ......
How do the Bai people in Yunnan spend the Spring Festival?
Bai people began to worship each other and give each other gifts on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women rushed to fetch water as a sign of thrift. In the morning, the whole family drinks rice candy water. May the days be sweeter than honey. After breakfast, the children, led by adults, go to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. Playing dragon lanterns, lion dances and whipping the overlord are essential activities in the festival.
1, Spring Festival: From the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month to the 6th day of the first lunar month, it is a traditional festival of Bai people, commonly known as Chinese New Year.
2. Next year: Lantern Festival.
3, taboo: New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, avoid visiting, avoid blowing fire. Women should avoid washing clothes and combing their hair.
4, 4, no food: the pheasant killed on New Year's Eve can't be eaten by outsiders.
5. During the festival, in addition to the necessary holiday food, there are also sacrificial activities such as worshipping Buddha, heaven and ancestors. This festival is the biggest. Starting from the twelfth lunar month, every household should buy new year's goods, such as killing pigs, grinding bean curd, bait pieces and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, every host should bring food, tea and wine, and use trays to worship along the eight roads of heaven and earth, gates, wells, kitchen gods and ancestral tablets. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. Grand reunion dinner, a big copper hot pot is placed in the center of the dining table, and pig's head meat must be served, surrounded by eight bowls of profound Japanese cuisine. For example, the lotus root has eyes, which means enlightenment and patency; The white meaning of garlic seedling "shun" is that everything goes well; Cooking fish means having money, having money and so on. On the morning of New Year's Day, jiaozi was cooked, and some people made noodles, all of which implied good wishes such as reunion, harmony and longevity. From the first day to the fifth day, there are certain norms for what to eat every day. The Bai people living in Bijiang celebrate the New Year in a different way from other areas. Bijiang Bai people divide a year into thirteen months, and the annual festival is the end of June in 65438+ March, which belongs to pigs or snakes. On New Year's Eve, the whole family will worship the tree god first, and then the whole village will have dinner together. In other festivals, besides slaughtering pigs or sheep, there should be timely food. For example, there should be all kinds of steamed cakes and bean jelly in March Street; Tomb-Sweeping Day wants mixed salad; Dragon Boat Festival dumplings, drink realgar wine; Seedlings will eat planted meat and fried broad beans; Eat sweets and all kinds of sweets on the Torch Festival on June 25th. Eat white cakes and shortcakes in Mid-Autumn Festival; Taste new year's goods, eat mixed new rice, etc.