1. Embankments of natural water bodies in the park are mostly stone barges, which are kept stable by gravity to prevent soil erosion. The basic requirement for the embankment is that it will not move, overturn or destroy under the action of external force, so the design of river barge should be calculated according to soil force. Under general soil and terrain conditions, small inland river barges can be designed with reference to the illustrated structure, that is, the width of the foundation is 0.45 times of the depth. In parks dominated by natural landscapes, river barges often don't build water surface, but use stone materials 5~ 10 cm below the water surface, and use landscape stones (lake stones, English stones, weathered Yellowstone, boulders, etc.). ), so as to achieve the purpose of both economy and beauty. At this time, it should be noted that the illustrated landscape stone is not mechanically surrounded by a chain, but is intermittently and weakly manipulated; In a gentle place, let the ground naturally extend into the water, which is a beautiful garden; There is a steep slope. At the bend of the river bank, the landscape stones are arranged in groups of 3322 and 3535. Although it is made by people, it is better than the sky, and it is a masterpiece of the master.
2. Recently, there is a new practice, which is to design a gentle slope (up to l/5- 1/6), above and below the water level, or plant moisture-proof solid ground cover and aquatic plants, or arrange gravelly sand pebbles. Artistic conception comes from nature and is higher than nature, which can be seen in several golf courses in the suburbs. In fact, there are many rivers in the suburbs of Shanghai. As long as there are no boats and no roads, how many places are stone barges? Therefore, this idea can be considered in suburban nature, ecological green space and parks, which is the best policy. Even if the rock slope is washed and collapsed, the pool slope will gradually slow down and the soil and water will tend to be balanced, which is natural and there is no big problem. The key here is to control the water level and not let it fluctuate too much; Second, reinforcement measures should be taken at the tuyere (especially in the northwest of Shanghai), protruding from the shore and steep terrain.
Third, in addition to stone barges, there are bamboo barges worth considering. Taking tree trunks and bamboos as piles, tamping them on the shore and laying fences to form barges, which are cheap and full of pastoral scenery. In order to be durable, the existing reinforced concrete is the core and bamboo powder is replaced by the outside.
Four, related to the pool shore, it is common to imitate the natural waterfall overflow, flowing down from the mountain, causing the design water level to be higher than the groundwater level, and solving the problem of leakage along the pool bottom on the fill (loose soil). At this time, there are several schemes for reference:
1. Before filling the mountain, the reinforced concrete supporting beams and columns shall be constructed first, and then the bottom plate of the pool shore shall be constructed after filling the soil.
2. Those who fill the hills with soil can't find a reliable support, so we can consider building several open concrete water tanks with different elevations from bottom to top according to the landscape requirements, which are hinged with each other and overflow at overlapping places. Popular metaphors, such as several dishes overlapping each other up and down, have become canals and waterfalls.
3. After the soil is stabilized, tie the steel bar and mesh according to the requirements of landscaping, sprinkle cement slurry for molding, and add decorative materials.
4. In the part in contact with water, pile up light stone scenes to reduce the load as much as possible (such as GRC ... steel wire mesh cement plastic stone, etc.). ). After molding, waterproof materials (such as self-waterproof bentonite, foam filler, etc. ) are all laid by sprinkler irrigation, while the other parts are stacked with real natural landscape stones, so that they are staggered, which is really true and false.
5. Pave the swimming pool floor with waterproof materials such as PVC. And then the landscape stones are stacked. This method is very popular abroad, but it is expensive. See the attached drawings for details.
Five, in general, we should pay attention to several issues:
1. Water bodies in green spaces and parks should obey the general requirements and have a unified concept; Is the bank natural or regular? Is it hidden or presented? Any fence marks? It depends on the overall geographical location and style. Different areas in the garden may also have different requirements.
2. Several pool shore exercises can also be used together. This shore is close to the square and regular, and the other shore is close to the hills, jungles and nature, which is also a change and contrast. Pay attention to how to transition.
3. Safety factors should be considered for the bank. Generally, the coastal waters should be shallow (0.4-0.6m), and the slopes of the surface and bottom should be gentle (1/3- 1/5), taking economic safety as the principle. In crowded places, how to prevent falling into the water also needs more ingenuity.
4. Different functions of the water surface, such as ornamental fish, lotus planting, rowing, reflection, water spraying, swimming and skating, will also make the landscape different from the water depth and waves, thus affecting the design of the pool shore.
5. Material selection is not only related to the landscape, but also determines the cost, so it should be considered more economically.
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