County economy is the basic part of national economy, the joint of macro-economy and micro-economy, and the joint of urban economy and rural economy. County economy refers to a regional economy with towns as the center and rural areas as the foundation, which is composed of various economic components. When the county economy develops well, the economy will develop, the people will be rich and all undertakings will prosper. On the contrary, it will lead to a series of social problems. Therefore, it is urgent to study and discuss the development of county economy under the new situation.
This paper mainly talks about some views on the development of county industries. The position and role of county industry in economic development Generally speaking, county industry includes county-owned industrial enterprises, county-town collective industrial enterprises and township industrial enterprises. County industry plays an important role in the development of national economy. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, the county industry is an important pillar of local finance and taxation, with less investment and quick results. County industries are basically small and medium-sized enterprises, mostly small enterprises. Because it is small in scale and needs less funds, local financial and material resources can be mobilized for investment, and funds temporarily liberated from society can also be mobilized and used to run enterprises. Judging from the financial situation in Guangxi, county industries have provided a considerable amount of fiscal revenue for many years.
Two, the county-level industry and the city's large-scale industry cooperation, is an indispensable force for the implementation of professional division of labor. In the process of its emergence and development, county industries have established close cooperative relations with big industries and provided supporting services for big industries.
Third, county industry is the main way to absorb social employment. County industries are mostly engaged in labor-intensive industries, and in the same industry, the organic composition of capital is lower than that of large and medium-sized enterprises in cities, but there are many favorable conditions for expanding employment: first, it is often from scratch without spending a lot of investment to build large factories and buy new equipment; Second, workers are familiar with daily industrial products, with low technical requirements and easy operation; Third, there are many industries, wide access and diverse management methods; Fourth, due to the low technical composition, the number of employees and social wealth created per 100 yuan of fixed assets is higher than that of large enterprises.
Four, county-level industries should adjust measures to local conditions, local materials, is conducive to increasing exports. County industries have unique advantages in earning foreign exchange through export. The first is the resource advantage. County industries rely on local unique resources, use local materials, process them locally, and increase export to earn foreign exchange.
Followed by traditional characteristics and technical advantages. There are many kinds of daily industrial products and handicrafts produced by county industries with high exchange rate, and there are traditional sales markets abroad. In addition, we can make full use of regional advantages to develop processing industries such as processing with supplied materials, processing with supplied samples and assembling with supplied parts, so as to create more foreign exchange for the country.
Five, the county industry is an important supporting force for developing poor areas, coordinating urban-rural relations and promoting urban-rural integration. The development of county-level industries is based on the reality of the county and promotes the development of other industries, which is conducive to changing the backwardness of poor areas, thereby increasing employment, improving people's living standards, gradually developing and utilizing mainland resources, and gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas.
From the practice of Yanchi County, after years of construction, especially since the reform and opening up, the industry has made great progress, initially formed a certain scale of industrial production system, and a number of brand-name products with certain competitiveness have emerged in the main industries, many of which have won the titles of national excellent, ministerial excellent and autonomous region quality products respectively. But on the whole, the overall level of county industry in most parts of China, especially in the northwest, is still very backward. Mainly manifested in:
First, the overall scale is small, the equipment is outdated, and the production technology and equipment level are backward. Most enterprises have low technical level, and some of them are still in the production state of primitive manual workshops, lacking powerful and advantageous enterprises. The introduction of foreign advanced technology and domestic technology transfer are basically in the primary stage, and some counties (cities) have not yet started. Most enterprises have aging equipment and high failure rate, which restricts normal production and affects the output and quality of products.
Second, the product structure is unreasonable, and there are few products with high technical content, high added value, market competitiveness and development potential.
Third, lack of talents, extensive management, low management level and poor product development and innovation ability. Some enterprises are used to the management of production in the past, lacking the ability to grasp the market, and still blindly produce. Today, the supply of products generally exceeds the demand. Due to the lack of technological innovation ability, the products of small enterprises at the county level often stay at a low level of simple imitation and cannot be upgraded in time. It is very common that the products are the same for decades. The products produced by most county industries are monotonous in style and poor in quality, which makes it difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in market consumption, resulting in their market not expanding rapidly.
Fourth, enterprises blindly distribute points, repeat low-level construction, and compete with large manufacturers for raw materials and markets. Most of them are all-round enterprises, with low level of specialization and cooperation, loose organizational ties among enterprises and great difficulty in cooperation. Some large enterprises are willing to be "supporting actors", while many small enterprises have to be "leading actors". It is difficult for large enterprises to obtain low-cost and high-quality spare parts and intermediate products from small enterprises, and small enterprises cannot obtain technical and financial support from large enterprises to improve efficiency. It causes great waste of people and property and low comprehensive utilization rate of resources and energy.
To develop county industries well, we should focus on the following aspects:
1, guided by market and industrial policies. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the market must play a fundamental role, which is determined by the nature of the market economy. The market plays a guiding and regulating role in the development of county industries. Giving full play to the role of macro-management in market competition and withdrawal can promote the flow of social resources to departments and enterprises with good economic benefits, realize rational flow and optimal allocation, further promote the upgrading of industrial structure, change the structural convergence between regions, and maintain the healthy and rapid development of county industries.
2, according to the local resources, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, give play to advantages. The key to the problem is to establish the overall development view of socialist market economy and form the overall advantages of regional economy. In the regional scope, the development of counties should be carried out around the regional planning of the whole province or the whole region, and counties should give full play to their strengths and complement each other's advantages to rationalize the layout of productive forces.
3. Accelerate development with efficiency as the center. To change the backward situation of county industry, we must further emancipate our minds, renew our concepts, seize the favorable opportunity of reform and development, accelerate the development of county industry and maintain a high growth rate. We should always take improving economic efficiency as the center of economic work, unify speed and efficiency, change extensive and extensive growth modes, and realize quality and intensive growth of industrial economy.
4. Focus on stock adjustment. The adjustment and optimization of county industrial economic structure is the key to improve the overall level of county economy. Therefore, it is difficult to optimize the stock capital only by incremental expansion. Only by focusing on the adjustment of existing assets, adjusting, enriching and perfecting existing county-level industrial enterprises and strengthening technological transformation of enterprises can we invigorate county-level industrial enterprises as a whole. It is necessary to make the county industrial structure more reasonable and optimized through the flow and reorganization of existing resources among different regions, departments and enterprises.
5. Combination of joint introduction and grafting transformation. Joint introduction of domestic capital and grafting transformation of foreign capital are two important ways to solve the capital problem of county industries. Encourage advantageous industries, brand-name products and domestic investors to transform old enterprises or new enterprises by means of inline, merger, acquisition, equity participation and holding; Encourage township enterprises, joint ventures and private enterprises to actively participate in the restructuring of the state-owned economy, promote the reform of property rights of state-owned enterprises, and establish a modern enterprise system.
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