Huaihua City is located in the southwest border of Hunan Province, bordering Guangxi in the south and Guizhou in the west, and bordering Shaoyang, Loudi, Yiyang, Changde, Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province. In ancient times, it was known as "the gateway to Guizhou and Yunnan" and "the throat of Chu", and now it is known as "the west gate of Hunan".
It is located at 25 52 ′ 22 ″ north latitude and 29 01′ 25 ″ east longitude, and its length from north to south is108 47 ′13 ″-106 ′ 30 ″.
There are Han, Miao and Dong people with a population of 49 1 10,000.
Hunan-Guizhou, Liu Jiao and Huai Yu railways meet here. The completed Shanghai-Kunming Expressway and the proposed Baomao Expressway cross Huaihua. Zhijiang Airport has flights to Changsha, Guangzhou, Beijing and other cities. Shui Yuan and its tributaries are all over the region, forming a convenient transportation network.
2 Overview of mineral resources
2. 1 metallogenic geological background
Huaihua city is located in the transitional zone between the upper Yangtze block and the South China aulacogen. The strata in the area are developed, tectonic movements and magmatic activities are frequent, and mineral resources are abundant. It is an important energy, metal and nonmetal mineral base in western Hunan.
1, stratum
The outcrop in this area is relatively complete.
Distributed in Proterozoic Lengjiaxi Group to Quaternary strata.
Banxi Group, Sinian and Mesozoic strata are the most widely distributed, accounting for about three quarters of the city's area.
Lengjiaxi Group and Banxi Group are geosyncline flysch, flysch formation-like and sedimentary pyroclastic rocks, which produce sedimentary copper and manganese deposits and are one of the main ore-bearing beds of gold and antimony deposits.
The Lower Sinian series is mainly composed of glacial-glacial marine clastic rocks, which is the main ore-bearing horizon of Xuefeng gold ore field.
The Upper Sinian-Silurian system is muddy, sandy, silty and a small amount of carbonate deposits in shallow sea, in which the Doushantuo Formation of the Upper Sinian system is the ore-bearing layer of sedimentary transformation pyrite, lead, zinc ore and sedimentary phosphorite.
Cambrian consists of sedimentary stone coal, barite ore and polymetallic ore-bearing strata of vanadium, molybdenum, copper, lead and zinc.
The Upper Paleozoic is a platform carbonate formation, which contains marine-terrestrial interaction or marine coal-bearing formation.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic are continental rivers, lakes or foothills.
Middle-upper Jurassic is one of the coal-bearing strata in this city, and Cretaceous is an important sedimentary copper-bearing stratum in this city.
2. Magmatic rocks
Magmatic rocks in this area are mainly distributed in Xupu County, while other counties (cities) only distribute sporadically.
Rock types include ultrabasic rocks, basic rocks, intermediate rocks, acid rocks and other intrusive rocks and basic extrusive rocks.
The active periods are Caledonian, Indosinian and Yanshanian.
(1) Caledonian magmatic rocks
① Basic rocks and ultrabasic rocks
There are Pass-Anjiang basic and ultrabasic rock groups; Mountain cave overflow rock mass-basalt; Albite vein group in Dongyusi, Huitong; Basic and ultrabasic rocks in Longcheng area; Aitouping and Dahongshan basic rock groups in Zhijiang.
Lithology includes peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, pyroxenite, gabbro, sodalite, syenite, Laban calc-alkaline dacite, etc.
Contains nickel, chromium, cobalt and platinum group elements.
② acid rocks
Baimashan complex (main body) is distributed in Xupu territory.
Lithology is mainly adamellite and granodiorite.
It contains metal elements such as tungsten, tin, copper, lead, zinc, nickel and gallium.
(2) Indosinian magmatic rocks
The rock type of Zhonghua Mountain is biotite granite with high tungsten and molybdenum content. Scheelite deposits were found in the outer contact zone, and monazite in some areas of the rock mass met the industrial requirements.
(3) Yanshanian magmatic rocks
① basic rocks
Distributed in Fangziya, Zhuyuan and Yejiashan in Yuanling.
The lithology is diabase porphyrite, diabase and gabbro.
② Intermediate rock.
Longtan, located in Xupu, is a rock wall in baimashan complex, and its lithology is diorite porphyrite.
③ acid rocks
Distributed in Longzhuang Bay and Qingjie Street in Xupu.
The lithology is mica granite and plagioclase rapakivi granite respectively.
Among them, plagioclase rapakivi granite can become kaolin after strong weathering, which is an important raw material for ceramic industry.
There are also many lamprophyre vein groups in the area, mainly distributed in Huitong Ruoshui, Hongjiang Shuping, Shanziping and Xupu Dongdiping.
The main active period is Indosinian-Yanshan period.
Obviously controlled by structure, most of them are produced by rock walls or dikes.
The lithology is plagioclase, plagioclase and lamprophyre.
3. Architecture
Our city is located in the transitional zone between the Upper Yangtze Block and the Aola Trough in South China, bounded by the Cili-Songtao-Tongren fault (Hubei-Hunan-Guizhou lithosphere fault) in the north and the Taojiang-Chengbu fault in the southeast.
According to the difference of tectonic movement intensity, the characteristics of sedimentary formation, the change of sedimentary thickness, the distribution of deep faults and their control on formation and sedimentation, this area is divided into five tertiary structural units, such as Xuefeng Caledonian Fold Belt, Lengjiaxi Uplift, Yuanling-Chenxi Depression, Xiang Qian-Guangxi Uplift and Ma Yuan Basin (Figure 1).
(1) Xuefeng Caledonian fold belt
It is bounded by Taojiang-Chengbu fault in the east and Anhua-Liping deep fault in the west, and distributed in the eastern margin of Jiangnan block in a narrow strip shape.
Since the late Sinian, the belt has been in the marginal sea slope environment, with a small thickness of carbonaceous siliceous argillaceous rocks, and iron ore, iron ore and manganese ore formed in the western margin. Early Cambrian inherited the marginal sea slope environment and deposited a set of standard carbon-silicon argillaceous rocks, which is an important ore-bearing layer of sedimentary vanadium deposits in this area.
In the middle and late stage, it is shallow sea argillaceous and sandy facies with a small amount of carbonate facies.
The Ordovician and Silurian subsidence was large, forming 0-5000m muddy shallow-sea facies deposits, and two basic rock belts, Anjiang-Tuantou and Luoweng-Longcheng, were formed along deep faults.
Magmatic activity in the transition zone between this belt and Hunan-Indosinian fold belt is strong, mainly in Caledonian and Indosinian.
Anomaly of copper and zinc developed along this zone and concentrated in a banded distribution.
(2) Lengjiaxi uplift
It is bounded by the unconformity between T3-J 1 or K and Banxi Group in the west (in fact, it is the Shui Yuan fault), the unconformity between Sinian and Banxi Group in the south, Anhua-Liping fault in the east and Dongting Depression in the northeast.
Lengjiaxi Uplift in this area and its northern area were near the continental shelf in the early and middle period of Late Proterozoic, and Banxi Group was deposited, which was composed of purplish red clay, sand and carbonate rocks, belonging to the metastable composite continental clastic rock formation and carbonate rock formation, with a thickness of 500- 1300m from north to south.
The southern margin of Lengjiaxi uplift is a transitional zone, which is in a redox environment. Among the extremely thick purplish red sediments, there are several layers of light grayish green-grayish white sandy argillaceous sediments with different thicknesses, forming the Madiyi Formation.
The earliest main source beds and ore-bearing beds of copper deposits in this area have been formed.
(3) Yuanling-Chenxi sag
Anhua-Liping fault in the east and T3-J 1 and its underlying unconformity in the west are separated from Ma Yuan Basin.
This area is a Paleozoic depression, but it is actually connected with the Cretaceous underlying strata in Ma Yuan Basin, and both are depressions, but the development history after Mesozoic is different.
The basement of this area is Banxi Group. After the Xuefeng movement, it still accepted the deposits from the Lower Paleozoic to the Upper Paleozoic, and it is also the transition zone between the Yangtze paraplatform and the axial margin depression.
The sedimentary thickness is less than the axial margin, and the thickness of the Sinian Jiangkou Formation is greatly reduced, only a few meters to more than 300 meters, containing tuff, and the Jiangkou Formation is partially missing, while the Nantuo moraine overlaps with the Wuqiangxi Formation of Banxi Group, and the thickness of the Doushantuo Formation increased from southeast to northwest in the Late Sinian, from a few meters to 100 m, which is an important sedimentary horizon in this area, such as
The Doushantuo Formation is hundreds of kilometers long, with a large area of copper, zinc and silver anomalies and good superposition.
There are many copper-antimony deposits and stream sediments in CAMBRIAN.
(4) Xiang Qian belongs to Qi Long.
The northern boundary is bounded by the unconformity between Jiangkou Formation and Banxi Group, and the eastern boundary is Anhua-Liping Fault. This area is also a long-term uplift area, including Kaili, Jinping and Congjiang in Guizhou in the southwest, which is the southwest end of Jiangnan block. The exposed area of Banxi Group in this area accounts for about 70%.
Anhua-Liping deep fault passes through this area.
This area is characterized by time-pulse type gold deposits.
(5) Ma Yuan basin
The eastern boundary of Ma Yuan Basin is bounded by the unconformity between T3-J 1 or K 1 and the underlying stratum, and the western boundary is bounded by the unconformity of K 1. The two main faults that control the development of the basin are Guzhang-Fenghuang fault and Shui Yuan fault (confirmed by geophysical data), and the basement of this area is Banxi Group.
The total thickness of Cretaceous is 2000-5000m, and the copper-bearing sandstone formation of river and lake delta facies with industrial value in this area is formed in the middle and upper part.
2.2 Overview of major mineral resources
At present, 60 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in Huaihua City (Table 2-2), accounting for 48.4% of the 24 kinds of discovered minerals/kloc-0.
There are 922 deposits and mineralization points in the above picture, including 20 large-scale deposits, 34 medium-sized deposits and 49 small-scale deposits/kloc-0. There are 52 small and above mining areas under the general survey area (tables 2-3 and 2-4).
There are 22 main minerals in the city, including bulk pillar minerals 15, which are of great significance to the development of national economy. There are 12 species in the whole city, except for oil, natural gas and salt mines.
According to the analysis of the development and utilization prospect of mineral resources in this city, combined with the characteristics of mineral resources, it is determined that the dominant mineral resources in this city are coal, gold, vanadium, zinc, barite, phosphorus, electric limestone and granite, and the potential dominant mineral resources are non-metallic minerals such as stone coal, iron, uranium, cadmium and dolomite.
2.2. 1 Characteristics of major mineral resources
1, energy and minerals
(1) coal
Mainly distributed in Chenxi, Xupu and Zhong Fang counties, followed by Zhijiang, Huitong and Jingzhou counties.
The coal-bearing strata in this city include the coal-bearing section of Qixia Formation of Lower Permian (Qianyang coal measures) and Wujiaping Formation of Upper Permian (Chenxi coal measures). Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Xiaojiangkou Group.
Qianyang coal measures and Chenxi coal measures have important industrial value and are the main coal-bearing strata in this city.
Qianyang coal measures: Jiaobanxi coal measures stratum in Xupu is the thickest, being 104m, with an average thickness of 43.56m.
It becomes thinner from south to north. The average thickness of Hecheng District is 23.26m, Shuangxi District 10. 18m, the southernmost Jingzhou is 4m, and the highest is 30m, with some defects.
The average thickness from northwest to Chenxi Daping is 20m；; The thickness of Liangshuijing and Madi Rengang in Yuanling is 2- 19m.
The coal-bearing stratum is 1-3 (9- 1 1 # coal), and the thickness of 10 # coal is 0-14.42 m.
No.9 coal is partially recoverable.
The coal-bearing property from Dajiangkou to Jiaoban River in Xupu is good.
There are lean coal, anthracite, main coke-fat coking coal, fat coal and other types.
The ash content of coal is generally > 25%, and the average total sulfur content is > 3%.
Typical mining areas (layers) are Chenxi mining area and Jiaobanxi mining area.
Table 2-2 Statistical Table of Mineral Resources in Huaihua City
Mineral category
Total mineral species
Discover minerals
Proven mineral reserves
Unexplored mineral reserves
subtotal
Reserves have been reviewed.
A batch of minerals
subtotal
Unproven reserves
A batch of minerals
subtotal
Energy and mineral resources
three
1
coal
2
Uranium and stone coal
golden
belong to
my
produce
Ferrous metallic minerals
five
three
Iron, manganese and vanadium
2
Cobalt and nickel
Nonferrous metal minerals
eight
four
Copper, mercury, antimony and tungsten
three
Tin, lead, zinc,
1
molybdenum
Precious metal minerals
2(2)
1
golden
(2)
(Silver, placer gold)
1
platinum
Rare, rare earth and dispersed element minerals
three
three
Cadmium, selenium and tellurium
Say "no"
golden
belong to
my
produce
Metallurgical auxiliary raw materials nonmetallic minerals
1
1
dolomite
Non-metallic minerals of chemical raw materials
three
2
Phosphorus and barite
1
Sulfide iron ore
Building materials and other nonmetallic minerals
3 1
2
Refractory clay, electric limestone,
1 1
Bauxite, marl, kaolin, ceramic soil, diamond, bentonite, glass sandstone, clay for cement batching and sandstone, gypsum, silicate potash mine.
18
Marl, clay for brick and tile, limestone for building materials, limestone for ash making, dolomite for building, quartzite, granite, slate for facing, basic rock, marble, crystal, sepiolite, sandstone for building and shale for brick and tile.
Water vapor mineral
2
1
mineral water
1
hot spring
General plan
58(2)
10
25(2)
23
Chenxi Coal Measure: The coal measure stratum is the thickest 12.5m, generally 2-3m, with a layer of coal (No.8 coal) at the top.
Coal thickness is 0-5.5m, with an average of 0.44m.
From Xiaoxi Xiaolongmen in Chenxi to Jingzhou in the south and Xupu in the east, most areas are not exploitable or missing.
Generally, the ash content of coal is above 30% and the sulfur content is 8%. It belongs to medium-high ash, high sulfur, fat coke and fat coal, and is suitable for power coal.
Typical mining areas are Chenxi mining area and Wuyi coal mining area.
Xiaojiangkou Group: the area from Qianpu in Chenxi Temple to Luyang in Huaihua is relatively thick.
The average thickness of coal measures strata in front of Miaoqian is 82.4m, that of Xiaolongmen is 77.54m and that of Luyang is 95.39m..
The average thickness of rockburst from the south is 65m, and the thickness from the middle is 10m, and it quickly points to the south of Zhutian.
From the north to Chenxi Lion Mountain, the average thickness is 25m, and that of Daping is 23m.
Coal-bearing 1-8 layers (from top to bottom, 1 No.2, No.3, No.4, No.5, No.6 and No.7), among which No.7, No.4, No.3 and No.2 are more common.
The coal seams are mostly chicken-nest-shaped, lenticular and extremely unstable.
1-4 layer can be mined, and the thickness of coal seam is 0.5-3. 19m.
The ash content of coal is more than 35% (43.54% in Xiaolongmen) and the total sulfur content is 0.4-2.9%. It is gas-rich coal, which can be used as blending coal for coking after washing.
The typical mining area is Chenxi Wuyi coal mining area.
(2) Stone coal
The occurrence horizon of stone coal is the top of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Anjiang, Yuanling, Jingzhou, Xupu and Xinhuang, the middle of the Dengying Formation in Jingzhou, the Cambrian in Xupu, Mayang, Xinhuang and Jingzhou (mainly the lower series), and the Ordovician at the junction of Xupu and karst caves.
The main associated minerals are vanadium, uranium and molybdenum.
The typical deposit is Xupu Wufengshi Coal Mine.
(3) Uranium
It mainly occurs in Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian and Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian (Xiaoyanxi Formation), especially Dengying Formation, which has great industrial significance.
Siliceous mudstone in the middle of Dengying Formation is the main ore-bearing horizon.
2. Ferrous metal minerals
(1) iron
Sedimentary iron ore: The city is a small deposit (spot) with low grade and poor quality.
There are siderite from Doushantuo Formation of Upper Sinian (Leijiapo, Chenxi), hematite from the bottom of Middle Cambrian (newly built in China, Dingjiaping, Zhijiang), siderite from Middle and Upper Cambrian and siderite from Xiaojiangkou Group (Si Qian Shop).
Siderite is generally a non-self-fluxing lean ore with high silicon, phosphorus and sulfur.
Hematite is a kind of lean ore with high sulfur and high phosphoric acid.
Sedimentary-shallow metamorphic iron ore (Jiangkou-type iron ore) extends eastward from Gufoshan, hongjiang city, Jiangkou, Dongkou County, He Liping, hongjiang city (Luoweng Bamian Mountain) to Shen Xiao, Suining County and Jietou Road, Tongdao County, Zhaishi-Yanglan, with a NNE distribution and intermittent extension of 160km.
The iron deposit occurs at the top of the third member of Jiangkou Formation, and the thickness of iron-bearing rock series ranges from 0- 168.29 m, generally 30-50 m. ..
TFE 15-35%, generally 20-30%, is a lean ore with high silicon and low sulfur and medium phosphorus.
The typical deposit is Jiangkou Iron Mine in Dongkou County.
(2) Manganese
The city is dominated by shallow-sea sedimentary manganese deposits, followed by weathering and leaching.
The Sinian Meng Xiang Formation (Xiangtan Manganese Mine, the main type of this city) has manganese ore, and the Upper Doushantuo Formation has cobalt-manganese ore.
The industrial manganese ore bodies of Meng Xiang Formation are mainly distributed in Xupu-Dongkou, Huangshuangping, Suining, Jingzhou and Zhaiya, and are controlled by the coastal limited basin subfacies.
The thickness of manganese-bearing rock series ranges from tens of centimeters to tens of meters.
Primary rhodochrosite contains Mn 1 1-20%, and secondary manganese oxide contains Mn 13-39%.
Belonging to high phosphorus manganese ore.
The typical deposit is Jiangkou Manganese Mine in Dongkou County.
Cobalt and manganese in Doushantuo Formation are distributed in Xiaohenglong and Dingjiazhuang of Xupu County.
The ore-bearing bed is 1-5, the thickness is generally less than 1m, the cobalt content is 0.0 1-0.05%, and the manganese content is 10-55%, generally 20%.
The ore-bearing strata in this area are still stable and widely distributed.
(3) vanadium
The city is rich in vanadium resources, widely distributed, with stable horizon and large thickness.
The pay zone is siliceous and carbonaceous slate from the lower part to the bottom of the Lower Cambrian. Middle-upper series carbonaceous slate; Siliceous rocks and siliceous slate of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation.
Vanadium ore is most commonly found in siliceous and carbonaceous slate at the bottom of Lower Cambrian.
It is often produced in the form of vanadium, molybdenum or phosphorus, vanadium and molybdenum, and contains many elements such as U, Cu, Ni, Ag and Zn.
Generally, the ore-bearing bed is 1-2, with a thickness of 0.5- tens of meters, generally more than 2 meters, and the ore bed extends to tens of kilometers.
Generally, the content of V2O5 is 0.5- 1.0%, the highest is 2 .97%, and the content of Mo is 0.0 1-0.05%.
When the carbon content of carbonaceous slate is high, it can belong to stone coal mine.
The typical deposit is Hongjiang Shuangxi vanadium deposit.
3. Non-ferrous and precious metal minerals
(1) copper
The types of copper deposits in this city are sedimentary, sedimentary metamorphic, sedimentary leaching and hydrothermal.
Depositing copper-bearing sandstone-type copper deposits has the most industrial significance.
Copper-bearing sandstone-type copper deposits are mainly distributed in the eastern margin of Ma Yuan Basin, and occur in Laoyaxi-Luxipu, Yuanling to Jiuquwan and Huangshuang, Mayang. The ore bed occurs in gray-green and gray-white feldspar sandstone (collectively referred to as light-colored layer) in the middle and upper part of Tertiary Cretaceous rock group.
Light-colored rock formations alternate with red rock formations. Light-colored layer 135, with a thickness greater than 0.5, including 38 ore layers and 0/2 mineralized layer.
The thickness of ore bodies is mostly between tens of centimeters and 1-2m, and the grade varies from 0.3% to 12.66%, generally less than 2%.
The typical deposit is Mayang Jiuquwan copper mine.
The sedimentary metamorphic copper deposits in China are mainly distributed in Zhuyuan-Xiangshui Cave-Madiyi-Qi Mei Border-Yejiashan, Mayang Liping, Yangmen 'ao, Shuangyantang, Zhijiang Aitouping, Hongjiang Huangshi Cave and Tiepo Xiaoniangxi.
Coal seams occur in silicified dolomite, limestone, marl and purplish red slate mixed with gray-green slate in the second member (limestone section) of Madiyi Formation in Banxi Group, and the grade is generally less than 0.5%, and the highest is 1.99%.
Typical deposits are Sitianping copper deposit in Yuanling and Shuangyantang-Yangmen 'ao copper deposit in Zhijiang.
The sedimentary leaching copper deposit mainly occurs in carbonaceous slate at the bottom of Xiaoyanxi Formation of Lower Cambrian, with salinity 1-2 layers and grade < 0.5- 1%.
In addition, there are gray-green shale and calcareous shale in the lower part of Baishuixi Formation of Lower Ordovician, such as Jingzhou Zhang Chong Copper Mine.
The typical deposit is Hongjiang Luoweng copper mine.
Hydrothermal copper deposits produce a variety of surrounding rocks, including sandstone, sandy slate, slate, siliceous rocks, limestone and so on.
The structural types can be interlayer fracture zone, extrusion, compression and torsion, tensile fracture and joint fracture.
Xinhuang Mawang copper mine and Tongdao copper factory boundary copper-cobalt polymetallic mine belong to this type.
Typical deposits are Mawang copper deposit and polymetallic deposit in Xinhuang.
(2) Lead and zinc
There are two main types of lead-zinc deposits in this city: sedimentary reformation type (Dongjiahe type) and hydrothermal type.
Dongjiahe lead-zinc mine is mainly distributed in Chenxi and Yuanling.
The ore bed occurs in dolomite at the bottom of Doushantuo Formation of Upper Sinian.
There are two layers of ore: upper layer and lower layer. The upper coal seam is given priority to, and the lower coal seam generally has no industrial significance.
The thickness of ore body is generally 1-2m, the zinc grade is generally 1.5-2.7%, the lead grade is generally less than 0.3%, and the sulfur grade is generally 15-30%.
Related components are cadmium, silver and so on.
In addition, lead-zinc deposits such as Bilin-Gong Xi area in Xinhuang, Liudouping in Chenxi, Qingxudong Fm in Lower Cambrian in Liping Creek in Mayang and dolomite in Aoxi Formation also belong to this category.
The typical deposit is Yuanjiahe lead-zinc mine in Yuanling.
The surrounding rocks of hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits are slate, limestone, shale and moraine conglomerate.
It is mostly controlled by fracture zones and joints and fissures, with small scale and generally high grade.
For example, Mawang Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic mine, Mayang county lead factory boundary lead mine and so on.
(3) Mercury
It is concentrated in the border area of Hunan and Guizhou in the west of the city, controlled by two major faults, Fenghuang and Tongren, forming a huge NE-trending mercury mine belt.
The ore-bearing surrounding rocks are mainly dolomite and dolomitic limestone of Aoxi Formation of Middle Cambrian, followed by dolomite of Qingxudong Fm of Lower Cambrian.
The ore-bearing coefficient and grade are relatively low, but it can still meet the industrial requirements, accompanied by selenium, which can be comprehensively recovered.
The typical deposit is Xinhuang Hotel Pool Mercury Mine.
(4) Antimony
Mainly distributed in Yuanling, Chenxi, Xupu, Zhong Fang and Hongjiang.
According to the nature of surrounding rock, occurrence of ore body and mineral combination, it can be divided into: ① layered antimony ore occurring in carbonate rocks; ② The fractures in carbonate rocks are filled with antimony ore; ③ The W-Sb-Au deposit occurs in silicate rocks filled in the fracture zone; ④ Cracks occurring in silicate rocks are filled with antimony ore or antimony gold ore.
Typical deposits (spots) are ① Chenxi Tianwan antimony deposit; ② Niumuchong and Zhongfangxiaping antimony deposits in Xupu Fushuiwan; ③ Xupu Kannonji, Longwangjiang, Baizhuping, Yuanling Guixi, Zhijiang Huangtian 'ao and Tongdao Huangbai Antimony Mine; ④ Woxi W-Sb-Au deposit in Yuanling.
(5) Tungsten
It is mainly distributed in the contact zone between Zhonghuashan rock mass and Longtan-baimashan rock mass, Ruanjiaxi-Anhua and Yuanling Guanzhuang in Xupu, northeast China.
Scheelite with skarn; Gasification-high temperature hydrothermal wolframite scheelite; Medium-low temperature filling of fractured zone tungsten-antimony deposits, etc.
Typical deposits are Lishanpo tungsten mine in Hongjiang and Shaxi tungsten mine in Zhonghuashan rock mass. Xupu zengjiaxi tungsten mine.
6. golden
Gold is an important mineral in this city.
They are mainly distributed in Yuanling and hongjiang city, followed by Huitong, Xupu, Jingzhou, Chenxi and Xinhuang in China.
There are rock gold and placer gold deposits (points).
Among them, there are time-pulse type gold deposits and structural fracture altered rock type gold deposits.
The typical deposits of the former are Woxi Gold Mine in Yuanling and Huitong Mo Bin Gold Mine, while the latter is Shanziping Gold Mine in Hongjiang.
(7) Silver
There are only associated silver mines in this city, which are associated with the discovered gold, copper and lead-zinc mines.
For example, the Jiuquwan copper mine in Mayang contains silver1-5g/t; The Dongjiahe lead-zinc mine in Yuanling contains silver19.63-62.4g/ton; The Taojinchong gold deposit in Huitong contains silver1—81.1g/t; The Shanziping Gold Mine in Hongjiang contains 20-30g/ton of silver.
4, chemical raw materials and minerals
(1) phosphorus
Phosphorus is one of the main minerals in this city.
It occurs in Doushantuo Formation of Upper Sinian and Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian.
The former is mainly distributed in Zhang Jiatan, Yuanling, Tanjiachang, Santangyi and Huaqiao, Zhong Qiang, with a grade of 10- 18%, an average of 14- 15% and a thickness of 1-3m, and the grade decreases to/to the southeast.
Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian has 1-3 layers with low ore content. Because there are barite, vanadium, molybdenum, stone coal and polymetallic elements on it, it has comprehensive development and utilization value.
(2) Sulfur
Pyrite is widely distributed in this city, and there are four main types.
① Sinian Doushantuo Formation sedimentary transformation type yellow iron (lead-zinc) deposit (Dongjiahe mining area); ② Spherical pyrite in the coal-bearing section of Qixia Formation of Lower Permian; ③ Pyrite in Carbonaceous Slate of Lower Cambrian; ④ Filling broken banded vein pyrite.
Among them, the first type is mostly associated with lead and zinc in Yuanling and Chenxi, and pyrite is mainly accompanied by lead and zinc in Xupu-Anhua area.
The typical mining area is Dongjiahe mining area in Yuanling.
The fourth type of typical deposit is Yangliuwan pyrite in Zhijiang, with a sulfur grade of 23.53%.
② and ③ types have no industrial significance.
(3) Potassium silicate ore
Mainly distributed in Xinhuang and Mayang, followed by Chenxi-Huaihua and other places.
The rock series of ore-bearing strata are potassium-bearing hydromica claystone intercalated with limestone, gravelly limestone and argillaceous limestone in the middle and lower part of Cambrian Aoxi Formation.
The thickness of coal seam varies from 3.6-47 meters to 47 meters, and the typical deposit is Xinhuang Zhongzhai silicate potassium salt deposit.
(4) Barite ore
Barite deposit in this city belongs to sedimentary type and hydrothermal type.
The sedimentary type is mainly Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian, which is distributed in Xinhuang-Tianzhu Gong Xi syncline in Guizhou.
Followed by Tianjiaping Formation (hongjiang city Bison-Dongkou Daxi) and Sinian Upper Doushantuo Formation (hongjiang city Dahongpo and Xinhuang Bilin).
The typical deposit is Gong Xi barite deposit in Xinhuang, and the BaSO4 content of surface oxide ore is 52.96-94.56%, generally 80-90%, with an average of 86.36%.
Hydrothermal barite deposits are distributed in Shiyangshao, Jinhe, Yanmen, Xianchi 'ao, Yuanling Beirong and Zhijiang Dingjiaping in Mayang.
Mainly produced in the distribution area of Cretaceous red beds.
Usually on a smaller scale.
The content of barium sulfate is mostly above 90%, and the content of lead and zinc is high.
(5) Electric limestone
The electric limestone resources in this city have not been identified, and only the electric limestone mining area in Dajiangkou, Xupu has carried out detailed investigation, which was discovered in Chenxihuo Ma Chong in recent years.
The ore-bearing strata are mainly Hutian Formation of Middle-Upper Carboniferous.
Examples of deposits include Dajiangkou electric limestone mine and * * * three-layer mine, with coal seam thickness of 1-8.5m and CaO content of 55%.
(6) Dolomite mine
It is mainly distributed in Changtianwan, Xiaolongmen, Si Qian Pu, Huaqiao, Luyang, Xinjian, Xupu Junping, Dajiangkou, Hongjiang Qiancheng, Huitong Village, Jingzhou Feishan and Hengjiang Bridge in Chenxi.