Forest is the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, which has obvious carbon fixation function and plays an irreplaceable role in slowing down global climate change. It is estimated that about half of the terrestrial carbon sinks are stored in forest ecosystems. At the end of 1970s, the forest carbon storage in China was about 4.38 billion tons. In recent 20 years, the function of absorbing carbon dioxide by forest vegetation in China has been significantly enhanced, reaching 4.75 billion tons at the end of 1990s. However, the average carbon density of forests in China is still far below the world average. The actual carbon storage of existing forest ecosystems is only about half of the potential carbon storage of plants, and the carbon sequestration potential is still great. As a huge carbon pool of terrestrial vegetation, grassland plays an important role in reducing and fixing carbon dioxide. In all kinds of terrestrial ecosystems, climate change will first have an impact on grassland ecosystems. Natural grassland accounts for almost 20% of the land area. China is the second largest grassland country in the world, and the carbon storage of grassland carbon pool will be considerable. From 1980 to 1994, the soil organic matter of cultivated land in China increased from 1.8% to 2.0 1%, with an average annual increase of 0.0 14%, but it still has great carbon sequestration potential. Assuming that comprehensive measures are taken, it is estimated that soil organic matter can be increased by 30% ~ 40% within 30 years, and the carbon fixation of cultivated land alone is equivalent to the sum of the United States and Canada. Experts attending the meeting pointed out that the terrestrial vegetation in China has great carbon sequestration capacity, which can provide an important guarantee for greenhouse gas emission reduction. While protecting natural forests and grasslands, we will vigorously develop fast-growing timber forests and build artificial grasslands with stable and high yields, implement ecological agriculture, and make full use of marginal land to develop biomass energy. China has advanced seed selection and breeding technology. In the future, we should strengthen the cultivation of grass seeds and tree species from the perspective of improving plant productivity and carbon fixation ability, so as to provide guarantee for greenhouse gas emission reduction.