Introduction: Confucius is a famous great thinker and educator in China. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and was the founder of Confucianism. The following is my paper on Confucius' political thought, hoping to help everyone.

Confucius was born in 55 1 year BC and died in 479 BC. His name was Zhong Ni. Lu people in the Spring and Autumn Period. He lived in a transitional society and was in a social transition period. During this period, social unrest, moral anomie and the collapse of rites and music are all bad. In this context, Confucius put forward his own political thoughts. It is advocated to restore the system of rites and music in the Zhou Dynasty and to govern the country by rites, that is, the patriarchal clan system and hierarchical system based on blood relationship. There are "Jun Jun, Minister, Zi" and "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, don't move until evil" in Yan Yuan.

First, Confucius' thought of correcting the name.

Confucius said that "the name must be correct first". In Confucius' view, in order to restore the ritual and music system in the Western Zhou Dynasty and maintain social stability, we must first correct our name, that is, "job identity". "Positive" means normative, correct and correct. "Name" means birthright, role, rights and obligations, order and status. "Correcting the name" means "distinguishing the position", which regulates the identity relationship, rights and obligations of different social divisions and groups. In feudal society, monarchs, ministers, young and old, upper and lower, represented different identities, rights and property relations. Confucius advocates that we should be content with the standard, each in his place and each in his place. Wei Linggong, who defended the country, didn't like his prince, so he left. After Wei Linggong's death, his grandson succeeded to the throne. Nine years later, Wei Linggong's son came back to claim the throne. Therefore, Confucius said in Luz: "If the name is not correct, it will not happen. If it doesn't work, it will be embarrassing. If it is unhappy, it will be punished. The punishment is not correct and the people are at a loss. " In Confucius' view, it is the main reason for social disorder, social unrest and lack of etiquette and music that the monarch is not a monarch, the minister is not a minister, the father is not a father and the son is not a son. When Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son. No monarch, no minister, no father, no son. Although there is millet, how to eat it? " Confucius believes that a monarch, like a king, should do what a monarch should do, his servants should do what a servant should do, and the same father and son should do what they should do.

Second, Ren's political thought

Benevolence thought is an important political thought put forward by Confucius, and it is the political embodiment of Confucius' benevolence thought. Confucius believed that rulers should follow the principle of benevolence to govern the country. Liang Qichao once said that "Confucian words and deeds are rooted in benevolence." Therefore, Confucius' thought of benevolence is the basis of Confucianism. Confucius once said, "The benevolent loves others", "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "The benevolent wants to establish himself, which has become his desire" and "self-denial is benevolence". In Confucius' view, the reason why people are polite and disobedient and the society is chaotic is because salute must have the internal foundation of "benevolence" With benevolence, salute can become people's conscious behavior. Therefore, it can be said that benevolence is the internal basis of ceremony, and ceremony is the external purpose of benevolence. Benevolence refers to an inherent moral quality, and benevolence is the general plan of the ruler to govern the country. In Confucianism, "saving the world", "being sage inside and being king outside" and "cultivating oneself, governing the country and calming the world" are all important manifestations of Confucius' benevolence thought. At the same time, Confucius put forward the practice method of "benevolence for oneself", which is completely dependent on one's own practice and cannot be achieved by others.

The third is the political thought of combining morality, courtesy, politics and punishment.

The idea of combining morality, courtesy, politics and punishment is an important proposition in Confucius' political thought. Confucius advocated ruling the country by virtue, supplemented by punishment. In "Being Politics", there is a saying: "If the Tao is political, it will be punished, and the people are shameless; Tao is virtue, courtesy, shame and dignity. " Confucius believes that governing the country by administrative orders and penalties alone can temporarily curb bad behavior, but it can't fundamentally put an end to the occurrence of bad behavior, and it can't be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The combination of moral education and administrative system is the most effective way to govern the country. Confucius' rule of virtue first needs the rulers to improve their moral cultivation. "Lutz asked the gentleman. Confucius said: cultivate one's morality to respect and cultivate one's morality to protect the people. In Lutz, there is a saying that "he is upright and does not give orders." If it's wrong, it won't be obeyed. "In" Yanyuan ",there is a saying called" Ji Kangzi asks politics to Confucius ". Confucius told him that politicians are just. Zi Shuai is right, who dares to be wrong? Confucius advocated the combination of "nurturing", "teaching" and "governing", that is, "nurturing", "teaching" and "governing". Raising the people means enriching the people. It is advocated that the people should be rich, have enough food and enough soldiers to win the trust of the people. Rulers should persuade farmers, cherish hard work, neglect thin taxes, save money and use it to narrow the gap. " Teaching the people means educating the people, making them understand etiquette and maintaining social stability. "Governing the people" refers to governing the people. The thought of combining morality, courtesy, politics and punishment is the best strategy of governing the country advocated by Confucius, which is conducive to maintaining social stability.

Fourthly, Confucius' great harmony political thought.

Datong is an important part of Confucius' political thought and an ideal social form put forward by Confucius. Confucius yearned for the political ideal that the world is public. In the Book of Rites Li Yun, there is a saying: "The trip to the avenue is for the public, choose talents and talents, and cultivate friendship." An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only child. In this way, the old will have an end, the young will be useful, and the young will be strong. Those who are sorry, widowed, lonely, widowed and disabled will be provided for, and the men will be divided and the women will return. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; You don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, seeking closure, thieves do not do it, it is not prosperous, so it is said that Datong is not closed. "In order to realize the ideal society of Datong, Confucius put forward the idea of benevolence, courtesy and political punishment, which reflected Confucius' ideal of life and people-oriented thought.

Confucius' political thoughts of "correcting the name", "benevolence" and "morality, courtesy and punishment" are important political propositions put forward by Confucius, which provide a good reference for the construction of democratic politics in the new period.

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