Abstract 1
Thesis writing is a process of thinking and exploring at the same time, and it is inevitable to take some detours. Looking back suddenly, all aspects of thesis writing are fresh in my memory and deeply understood. Here are some experiences about thesis writing:
First, the topic should be accurate. As the saying goes, a good beginning is half the battle. The same is true of thesis writing. According to your own situation, under the guidance of your tutor, you should choose a topic that suits your own reality. For example, Zhejiang, where I live, is a region where small and medium-sized enterprises are concentrated, and many financing difficulties occur around me, especially today when the impact of the economic crisis has not been eliminated. This problem is more prominent, so I chose "talking about the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises" as the topic. Once the topic is determined, it is necessary to set goals and confidence and write it down firmly. Difficulties are inevitable in the process of writing. We should constantly seek solutions to difficulties, avoid hesitation, and must believe in ourselves. There is a scientific basis for choosing the topic, and we have the ability and confidence to write it down. This is the most important thing, and it is the driving force and support of our thesis writing.
Second, the research ideas should be clear. When the topic is selected, we will have an in-depth discussion around the paper. Thinking is the most important, and thinking determines the way out. There is always an idea when writing a paper, in chronological order, historical development order, operational action order or logical order. For example, this paper starts from the general order of analyzing things, and first describes the current situation; The reasons for this situation are analyzed. Then how should we deal with this situation? Determine the idea of the paper from the outside to the inside.
Third, the arguments should be sufficient. Thesis focuses on argumentation. The focus of the paper is to solve the "why", which may be incomplete, but we must show our views and explain the truth. Why is this view? The argument must be sufficient. In the paper, we deeply discuss why this phenomenon occurs from the two aspects of small and medium-sized enterprises themselves and external environment, so that the arguments are sufficient, our paper is enriched and the arguments are tenable.
Fourth, footnotes and references should be comprehensive. It is impossible to write a paper without quoting other people's opinions, but it should be marked with words, which is the need of research and cannot be counted as plagiarism.
The second part of the document summary
As a fresh graduate of higher vocational colleges, I deeply feel the pressure of employment. The college students' employment guidance course organized by the school's Admissions and Employment Office just provides valuable information for the confused college students like me. The follow is my experience in attending vocational guidance course.
In fact, college students' job hunting is the dissemination of job hunting information, that is, college students express their job hunting wishes to potential employers through letters, internet access, home visits or recommendations. How can we college students apply for jobs smoothly? From the analysis of the key factors for the success of information dissemination, there are mainly the following four aspects.
First, I am a qualified college graduate first. Even I am a useful person myself. Talent or non-talent, mainly reflected in three aspects: first, whether you have excellent professional knowledge and skills, such as foreign languages, computer level certificates, whether you have other qualifications such as programming, accounting or award-winning certificates. Do you have a strong enterprising spirit and pioneering spirit, such as why you apply for a job in your company? What achievements have been made in professional learning, such as articles, papers, works, etc. (3) Whether there is great development potential, such as having any special hobbies, being a student cadre, being diligent, being a * * * party member, being a three-good student, etc.
Second, you can accurately find the similarities between yourself and the employer. That is, whether one's ambition, knowledge, ability, specialty, interest and hobby have something in common with the employer, and whether the type of unit that is more suitable for oneself has plans and indicators for hiring college graduates. If you want to find the similarities between the two sides more accurately, there must be at least two conditions: first, you should know yourself clearly. Individuals are closest to you, but it is most difficult to know yourself clearly; Second, we should make great efforts to seriously collect, analyze and use employment information. At the same time, we should broaden our horizons and not limit ourselves to a certain industry or unit to increase the chances of success.
Third, you should have certain job-hunting skills and refer to employment guidance. Although the job-hunting skills are varied and complicated, the most common and important skill for college students is the "two sessions": writing a letter of recommendation in a short time can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, highlight key points, be concise, cleverly worded and incisive, and attract readers' attention; Second, I can talk. When I talk to the personnel of the employer, I can be calm and keep my face calm. I know what to say, what to say in detail, what to avoid, and say it briefly. When I speak, I can give people an honest, modest, steady and mature feeling.
Fourth, we must have certain anti-interference ability. At present, there are still many factors that interfere with the normal job hunting of college graduates, such as bad atmosphere, fraud, information flooding and so on. Therefore, college students must have anti-interference ability to successfully apply for a job. There are two most important anti-jamming abilities: one is to be able to accurately identify the authenticity of information and prevent being deceived; Second, we can seize the opportunity of decision-making and prevent the opportunity from being missed because we stepped on two or three boats. However, we college students always fall into several employment psychological misunderstandings:
Myth 1: Self-expectation is too high.
Many college students think that they are knowledgeable, and they can achieve something in politics, business and study as easy as blowing off dust. Therefore, when they choose a job, it is very easy to have the phenomenon of "too high to fail, too low to fail", which naturally makes it difficult to choose a job.
Mr. Chen from Shaanxi has been in Shenzhen for many years. He originally found a job as a personnel clerk in a joint venture, but he thought it was a position that a high school student could do. Isn't it a "waste of talent" to let him condescend to this enterprise? So, in less than a week, I took the initiative to say goodbye. Later, after many twists and turns, he found a "plum job" as an administrative supervisor in a Taiwan-funded factory with "rich theoretical knowledge". However, due to his lack of practical management experience in large foreign-funded enterprises, he could not work smoothly, and he was fired by his boss as soon as the probation period arrived.
Myth 2: There are too many material requirements.
Many college students pay too much attention to material conditions, not only demanding a high monthly salary and a good life, but also paying attention to various material comforts such as housing and bonuses. If employers can't meet their requirements, they will "leave" wisely. A business owner said: "Enterprise competition is also talent competition. Our company urgently needs several college students with economic and management talents, but they are too proud to be treated and have such high eyes. Dare I use them? "
Myth 3: infatuation with big companies
Quite a few college students think that only by working in large enterprises can they give full play to their intelligence. Their reasons are aggressive: large enterprises have the material and spiritual conditions to realize the value of life, with good opportunities, good welfare and stable work, while small enterprises have only dozens or hundreds of people, and their bonuses are not strong, let alone their development prospects. In fact, some large enterprises are full of talents and the competition is fierce, while ordinary small enterprises are hungry for talents. In fact, in recent years, college students in large enterprises have been overqualified, while small enterprises have been overqualified. In fact, whether in a large enterprise or a small enterprise, you can make a difference as long as you are knowledgeable and down-to-earth.
Myth 4: Pursuing hot jobs.
Administration, personnel and accounting are hot topics pursued by college students. However, after all, there is not enough manpower, so the employer has to "choose one in a hundred" and there are many losers. And some unpopular occupations are in urgent need of a large number of talents, but few people are interested. In this way, in the talent market, there has been a strange phenomenon of "the hot is hard to enter, and the unpopular is colder".
The misunderstanding of college graduates' job hunting is formed under the joint action of society and individuals. In fact, as college graduates, we should be more "open-minded" at this time, don't care too much about the ups and downs, firmly believe that "I was born useful", start from scratch, start from the grassroots, and finally find our place in society.
The third part of the document summary
I cherish very much that I can continue my studies in graduate school. I always hoped that I could be better. I have gained a lot in the postgraduate stage, and I have been fully cultivated and exercised in my study, scientific research and personal quality. This is a full and meaningful two years. In the past two years, I have been asking myself to make progress in my thoughts, study hard and work hard in my professional knowledge. When I graduated, looking back on the past days, I couldn't help but feel deeply: this time not only enriched myself, but also made me many mentors; These years are not only unforgettable, but also unforgettable for me. Although the years have passed, the memories I can't take away are vivid.
Ideological aspect. I have carefully studied Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents; Concerned about current affairs and politics, concerned about the reform and development of the school; Support the party's line, principles and policies, and conscientiously implement the resolutions of schools and laboratories; Respect the tutor, unite with classmates, be ready to help others, be brave in dedication, and have good moral quality and ideological cultivation; Abide by national laws, decrees and school rules and regulations. As a junior high school student and student cadre, I always study hard and work actively. While making progress, do not forget to help others make progress. I have been a party introducer for several comrades, giving full play to the exemplary leading role of student cadres in party member.
Academically. My research direction is virtual reality and simulation technology, and my main research direction is 3D model simplification and network transmission. Active academic thinking, clear learning purpose, correct attitude, good style of study, diligent study, diligent study, and excellent results. In the selected postgraduate courses, all the results are excellent; Published two academic papers at international conferences; Under the guidance of my tutor, I participated in two scientific research projects and was independently responsible for one module of the projects, which further improved my theoretical knowledge and practical level.
Working. He used to be the vice chairman of the Graduate Student Association of the State Key Laboratory of Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing Information Engineering and the political assistant of the laboratory. During his tenure as vice chairman, he organized many parties, social gatherings and a series of academic lectures in Hongyi lecture hall. Successfully planned the first Academic Science and Technology Festival, organized the selection of academic stars in our room, recommended and assisted Dr. Zhong to participate in the school-level election, and won the title of "Top Ten Academic Stars". My work enthusiasm and ability of organization and coordination have also been recognized, and I was rated as "excellent graduate cadre". As a political assistant, I actively cooperated with the teachers in charge of party affairs, guided and coordinated the work of party branch secretaries in each class, and accomplished the task well.
Other aspects. Postgraduates should really regard academics as their life, but the improvement of comprehensive quality is the most important thing. I organized and participated in a series of sports events in the laboratory, and achieved a good ranking; Take an active part in school debates. Insist on listening to some famous lectures in social, cultural and other fields to improve their self-cultivation. I like photography in my spare time. As a young volunteer, I participated in the photography of international academic conferences and was responsible for the photography of major laboratory activities. Publish articles in professional magazines of photography.
In the future, I will make persistent efforts and constantly improve myself in my future work and study. I believe that these experiences and accumulation will become valuable wealth on my life path. I will continue to maintain and carry forward the rigorous style of study, and strive to become an excellent worker, an all-round socialist builder and a useful person to the country and society.
The fourth part of the document summary
First, the topic should be accurate. As the saying goes, a good beginning is half the battle. The same is true of thesis writing. Choosing the right topic is one of the keys to writing a good paper. Everything is difficult at the beginning, that is, many factors should be considered when selecting a topic, which should not only conform to the development trend of theory and keep up with the pace of the times, but also have certain new ideas and academic value; But also in line with their own actual situation, they have certain professional knowledge precipitation, or they are interested. When choosing a topic, we must make an in-depth argument. The topic should be moderate, not too difficult, not too superficial, and of little research value. This is to combine your own situation, tailor your clothes, and choose a topic that suits your reality under the guidance of your tutor. Once the topic is determined, it is necessary to set goals and confidence and write it down firmly. Difficulties are inevitable in the process of writing. We should further investigate and study to find a solution to the difficulties. Don't be fickle, indecisive, or give up halfway, that is, if you have to, don't give up halfway. This will distract us. We must believe in ourselves. The topic selection has scientific basis, and we have the ability.
Second, the research ideas should be clear. When the topic is selected, we will have an in-depth discussion around the paper. Thinking is the most important, and thinking determines the way out. There is always an idea in writing a thesis, which is chronological, historical, operational and logical. It depends on the actual situation of your thesis. Only when the research ideas are clear, can you discuss around the main body, which is also a grasp of the whole paper, and will not let the paper writing deviate from the theme and get distracted. According to the research ideas, we can list the titles of papers at all levels.
Third, the point of view should be clear. In the process of writing a paper, you should be good at summarizing your own views in concise words and dare to express your own views, that is, reflect your own views among the three titles of the paper and avoid hiding your own views in the middle of the text. You should know what you wrote and what kind of views you expressed after reading your outline. Don't generalize. After talking for a long time, we don't know what it means. All our work serves our central argument and sub-argument.
Fourth, the arguments should be sufficient. Thesis focuses on argumentation. This is very different from our textbook. The focus of the textbook is to solve "what", while the focus of the paper is to solve "why". Papers don't need to be as comprehensive as textbooks, and they don't need to be comprehensive. However, we must express our views and tell the truth. Why is this view? The argument must be sufficient. We can make sense, put facts and give examples to demonstrate. The history of ancient and modern China and foreign countries can be used to demonstrate now and in the future. Only when the arguments are sufficient can our thesis be sufficient and the arguments can be established.
Fifth, identify the innovation points of your paper. The innovation or progress of your paper is the highlight and core of your paper. Generally, there are only 3-5 innovations in a master's thesis, so we must think deeply from a certain height. It is necessary to put forward new ideas, new methods and new measures. The quality of innovation also determines your academic research level and paper quality to a certain extent, which is also what you must pay attention to when defending your paper.
Sixth, draw lessons from and quote the achievements of others reasonably. A wise man corrects his own mistakes through the mistakes of others. We should learn from others and do further research while having data and documents. Newton said that I can see farther because I stand on the shoulders of giants. When we demonstrate, we can generally adopt the methods of induction, summary and deduction. When we see several similar viewpoints, we can sum them up, find out their essence and get their laws. This is our own viewpoint. From a content studied by others, we can associate and deduce it, and whether it can also be extended to what I have studied can be used for reference. When quoting other people's research results, there is generally a principle to follow. If we quote others' arguments, we can't quote others' arguments. If you quote an argument, you can't quote it, and you can avoid unnecessary trouble.
Seven, the details should be appropriate. The mountain is not high, the fairy is in spirit, the water is not deep, and the dragon is in spirit. The article is not long, as long as there is innovation. When writing a thesis, never talk about heroes by the number of words. The number of words is just a facade, and the key is the content. Where there are innovations in the paper, we should focus on them. The other parts of the paper should be appropriate, detailed, appropriate, relaxed, focused, rich in color and relevant. We should learn to play the piano. A really good paper, just like the beautiful woman you meet, is just right, adding one point is too fat and subtracting one point is too thin. Instead of trying to make up the number of words, we should resolutely delete the necessary and unnecessary words, and don't keep them to occupy the page and waste readers' time.
Eight, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Most military science papers basically have the characteristics of science and engineering papers. Qualitative research is often not enough, that is, it is not convincing enough. It is necessary to borrow the relevant knowledge of mathematics and computer to quantitatively analyze, calculate and simulate the results. This is also the spirit of natural science research. Speak with facts and avoid forging and tampering with data, which is not allowed by academic ethics.
Nine, clever use of charts. The function of icons is concise, which can vividly reflect the problems studied, making people clear at a glance and pleasing to the eye. If we compare our paper to a movie, then the icon is the episode of the movie, which is very important. The paper without icons and the whole paper with pure text are a bit unsatisfactory, just like there is only one solid color without color, just like watching black and white TV, which is a bit vicissitudes. Charts play a very important role in the paper.
X footnotes and references should be comprehensive. It is impossible not to quote other people's opinions in writing, but it is marked in writing, which is the need of research and cannot be counted as plagiarism. But there must be a _ to indicate the source of the document, specific to the page number, otherwise it will be easily suspected of plagiarism. Generally speaking, in the quotation, you can't have a long quotation, but you should translate it into your own language and express your meaning. The article is eternal, and the gains and losses are well known. There is no shortcut to writing a paper, only one step at a time, and do it seriously. Between the lines of the paper, the painstaking efforts of the tutor and the author are condensed, and a hard work and a harvest. I wish the brothers and sisters who fought side by side a pleasant journey!
Article 5 of the abstract
Undergraduate graduate students have been diving all the way for many years, and they have no experience in sending long articles online. I am currently in the final stage of my doctoral thesis. Looking back, it was bumpy from choosing the research direction to opening the topic to the middle period, and I have some experiences to share with you.
Let me introduce my background first, because there are differences in thesis writing in different professional fields (my buddy finished his thesis in half a month when he graduated with a master's degree in criminal law, which made me feel sorry for myself), so as not to mislead people. I majored in physical geography, and my thesis mainly focused on field experiments, and then carried out indoor experiments and analyzed the data results.
What I wrote below is basically my writing experience of my graduation thesis. As for papers that need to be published in journals, the practice is basically the same, but we should be cautious when choosing journals, taking into account both professional fields and academic standards.
Regarding the summary, there have been many posts in the forum, which are well written. I hope I can take a closer look at the topic. Many people are not very interested in reviewing, and so is my master's thesis. I pieced together some reference materials and listed them. It occupies a very important position in the paper, which reflects the author's familiarity with the research field and determines the possible academic value of the paper. Here I emphasize a few mistakes that are easy to make when writing a summary: 1) The literature cited is not the original literature, that is to say, the literature cited when quoting a certain point of view is not the literature that originally put forward this point of view, but the literature that later applied or mentioned this point of view; 2) simply list the main contents of the literature without analysis, comparison, induction and comparison; 3) The review literature is divorced from its own research content, and the methods and conclusions of the review literature are not combined with its own research, that is, it fails to explain the position of its own research in the current research situation, such as: is it the initiator of new theory, the user of existing theory, or the improver of the original theory? In addition, the review generally has two parts: one is the review of research methods, that is, the proposal, application and comparison of methods; There is also a summary of the research area, what corresponding research has been carried out in this research area, and what kind of results have been achieved. How to synthesize these two parts depends on the purpose of the research, whether it focuses on the innovation of methods or the solution of practical problems in the research field.
About experimental design (many people's papers may not have this stage). If the graduation thesis is compared to an architectural project, the experimental design is the architectural blueprint. At this stage, I'd rather spend more time, read more classic literature, consult more teachers, brothers and sisters, and sharpen the knife without cutting wood by mistake. Experimental design, in short, is the research method that needs to be adopted in order to achieve its own research purpose. The level of experimental design is closely related to the reading effect of literature. Only by mastering the research status and research methods in the research field can we design a good experimental scheme. I won't say much about the topic of the thesis, because in many cases I can't make my own decisions; If you have a choice, choose what you are interested in. If you are not interested, the paper will be more painful.
Regarding the field and indoor experiments, if possible, try to do it yourself. Although it is sometimes time-consuming, only when you do it yourself will you have a personal experience and know the possible sources of errors when analyzing data. Even if a lot of information may be provided by others, try to go to your own research field for on-the-spot investigation. Even if you just run around by car, you may avoid some low-level mistakes in analyzing data or building models.
Regarding data analysis, most people are basically statistical analysis and model simulation of data (pure theory or liberal arts). There are many statistical analysis and model simulation methods of data, and different majors are naturally different, so it is not easy to elaborate here. But the results are basically represented by graphs, so it is suggested not to use E_CEL to complete the data analysis diagram of the paper. In high-level journal articles, there are few E_CEL diagrams, one is ugly, and the other is simple graphic expression. Origin or Sigmaplot is recommended. When processing data, it is suggested to use E_CEL for data storage and preliminary processing, SPSS for data analysis, and Origin or Sigmaplot for graphic production. Maps involving spatial geographic information must use GIS software, not CAD or Photoshop. Model parameter adjustment is generally a headache, so don't make unreasonable parameters or conclusions.
The last work of this paper is to give my own research methods and conclusions, and compare my research methods and conclusions with previous studies at any time. Affirm your own methods and conclusions in comparison, find out the differences, and thus reflect innovation.