2. Were there any words to describe bitterness in ancient China? Author: Li Yu dynasty: Tang genre: the words go to the west wing and the moon is like a hook, and the lonely sycamore deep courtyard locks the clear autumn. It's sad to keep cutting, and I have a general taste in my heart. Nanxiangzi Author: Huang Tingjian Dynasty: The Pearl River in Song Dynasty said that the marquis was sealed, and Piccolo Long song leaned against the building alone. Everything goes with the wind, take a break. The smell of wine seems to have disappeared this autumn. The flowers smiled at the old man's head. They were ashamed, but the white-haired flowers were puzzled. Partridge author: Li Qingzhao Dynasty: Song genre: the charm of words is not very good, the former sweet orange can be slave. Who pities wandering rivers and lakes? jade bone's ice muscles don't want to dry up. Who taught me to pick branches side by side? After being drunk, Ming Di was too hard ... It still smelled like that. Dewdrops are slightly decorated. I doubt it will wash lead, and it is infinitely beautiful. I won the lottery last year, I was lonely, and I was happy on the ice. What's more, it's snowy and fragrant. I am in a hurry to spend money this year, and I seem to hate each other when I meet you. I am sad and tired. I sang for a long time, and the moss danced and watched. I will meet each other and recommend wine crisply. People now. Twilight slanted on the water. Ugly slave writes about the middle wall of Boshan Road. Author: Xin Qiji Dynasty: Song genre: Ci teenagers do not know the taste of sorrow, fall in love with the building, and are forced to worry about new words. Now they know the taste of sadness and want to say it, but they want to say it is a good autumn. "Bodhisattva Man" Author: Zhu Dynasty: Song genre: no new words, no peaches and plums. Fell into a deep cave. No matter how cold the moonlight is, the branches will look better. Yangliuqing Author: Wu Cheng'en Dynasty: Mingcun Banner boasted white wine and white drum, Yangliuqing set sail. When I was a child, I was surprised to see several pavilions in my hometown. In spring, the deep water is full of fish, and the wind is strong near the sea. Who crossed the high-rise jade dike and landed on the plum blossom, listened in absolute drunkenness. Send guests to Huangfu Author: Bai Juyi Dynasty: Tang School: Five
3. How to write bitter ancient prose? I don't know what you mean by ancient prose. As far as I know, there are roughly the following kinds of ancient styles, which are now distributed to you for reference: 1. Fu is a style in ancient China, which pays attention to literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose.
It is characterized by "spreading articles, writing things and writing ambitions", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotions through scenery. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu".
Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc. 2. The style of parallel prose originated from the Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
It appears alternately with four characters and six characters, and is called "Liu Siwen" in the world. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content by accommodating sentence patterns and piling up words. After Han and Liu advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined.
The most famous is The Book with Zhu written by Wu Liangjun in the Southern Dynasties. 3. The original meaning of origin is an ancient argumentative style.
This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.
Debate "debate" means arguing about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong.
5. Say the floorboard of a kind of articles about ancient discussion and explanation. It was not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as reasoning analysis.
On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own will." The articles of this genre we have studied include On Teachers, On Horses, On young chinese, On Snake Catchers, On Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, etc.
6. Theory is a kind of essay style, according to "Rhyme": "Commentators discuss". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies.
For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, in political theory, it is fallacious for a bachelor and doctor to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classics and history. "
For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin. 7. Discuss the collective name of the memorials presented by ancient ministers to the emperor.
Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. "The article has a body order": "Seven countries used to call books, and Qin changed books to play.
There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, play until it collapses; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of discussion, discussion. "(1) sparse.
It means detailed report. For example, Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage.
(2) table. Just stating a point or something.
Such as Zhuge Liang's "model". (3) countermeasures.
In ancient exams, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures, such as Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategies". Foreword and practice foreword are also called "narration" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface".
It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues.
"preface" is usually written at the front of a book or article (some are listed at the back, such as historical records? Taishi Gongxu), listed at the back of the book is called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content.
Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.
9. Foreword style name. In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering.
For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud. After that, all farewell articles, which are not attached to the poem, are also called prefaces, and their contents are mostly words of praise or encouragement.
We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty. 10. Ancient words carved on articles to warn themselves or praise merits are called "Ming".
Inscriptions carved on cards and placed on the right side of the case to protect themselves, such as Liu Yuxi's "My Humble Room", are called "mottos".
An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.
1 1. Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose.
The content is to remember the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".
12. One of the types of legendary novels. Named for its bizarre and magical plot.
Generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Such as Biography of Liu Yi and Biography of Conan.
Because "legends" are mostly based on later rap and drama, Song and Yuan operas, Yuan zaju operas and Ming and Qing operas are also called "legends". For example, Tang Xianzu, a playwright in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Peony Pavilion, and Kong in the early Qing Dynasty wrote the legendary drama Peach Blossom Fan.
[Edit this paragraph] V. Style of history books 1. Chronological style is related to historical events arranged in time, such as Zuo Zhuan. 2. Biography reflects historical events by describing the activities of characters, such as Historical Records.
3. The final edition of Chronicle focuses on events and brings together relevant special materials. Originated from Yuan Shu in the Southern Song Dynasty.
For example, Yuan Shu's History as a Mirror. 4. History recorded by country.
For example, the warring States policy. 5. Transcripts are often used by disciples to record the words and deeds of tutors, and sometimes they are also used for Buddhist missionary records.
Because it only pays attention to the recording of a few words, it does not pay attention to the color of words, does not talk about the structure of words, and does not talk about the inevitable connection between articles and even paragraphs in time and content. Such as: The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
5. General history continuously describes historical events from ancient times to the present, such as Historical Records. 6. The dynastic history records the history of a certain period or a certain dynasty, such as Hanshu.
The above six styles are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can be divided into different styles according to different standards. For example, The History of the Three Kingdoms belongs to biographical style, national style and dynastic history.
As far as I know, there are also modern poetry and ancient customs.
4. The bitter word in classical Chinese is polysemy bitter: 1. Bitter vegetables.
Instant tea. ● "Poetry of Tang Style": "No pains are sweet, no pains are sweet, under the first sun.
● Mao Chuan: "Bitter, bitter vegetables also. ● Kong Ying Da quoted Lu Ji as saying: "Bitter vegetables grow in Shan Ye, while first frost is crisp and beautiful. The so-called pansy is like a cup of tea.
● The Book of Rites? NEZER: "Dolphins are full of hardships. Zheng Xuan's note: "Bitter, bitter tea is also." .
"2. One of the five flavors. As opposed to "sweet".
● "Book Hongfan": "The bottom of the rain makes it salty, and the upper inflammation makes it bitter. ● Kong Chuan: "The smell of gas.
● Nan Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long? Exaggeration: "The bitterness of tea is better than that of Joo Won?. "? ● Tang Hanyu's poem "Bitter Cold": "The vegetation is no longer smoked, and it tastes bitter and sweet." ● Chapter 37 of Legend of Heroes of Children: "Tea" is more bitter in your mouth than coptis juice, and you swallow it with your eyebrows.
● Ding Ling's Mirror of Helen: A bitter taste choked my throat. 3. pain; Pain.
● The Book in Pan Geng: "I only bow to myself. ● "Mencius? Hui Liang Wang Shang: "Happy years are a painful life, and unfortunate years are inevitable.
● Li Jingmi's "Chen Shi Biao": "I am lonely, as for standing. ● Wen Song Tianxiang's poem "In the Middle of a High Sand Road": "It is better to accept the death of a minister than to be pitied when he dies.
● "Three Kingdoms Pinghua" Volume: "The army suffers from armor and the people suffer from charcoal. 4. sadness; Sadness.
● "Lu Chunqiu? Encounter: "People with bad smell, their relatives, brothers, wives and concubines are all knowledgeable, and people who can't live with them all live in the sea. ● Han Caiyan's "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" IV: "It is the most bitter to miss my hometown day and night.
● Tang Hanyu's "On the Things of Huaixi": "It is difficult for foot soldiers to accept things, and they have the pain of parting. ● Reading Du Fu's Poems by Wen Song Tianxiang: "I miss Du Fu's heart, but I see flax tears.
5. troubled; Trapped and humiliated. ● Warring States Policy? Qin Ceyi: "Thirty-six counties on behalf of the Party, seventeen counties on the Party, have their own strengths.
● "Lu Chunqiu? On people: "we should test people with mourning and test their aspirations with suffering." "Han Shu? Von Biography: "In the early Han Dynasty, he visited the Western Regions, was humiliated or corrupted, and suffered from foreign countries.
Yan Shigu's Note: "Suffering is humiliating." ● Tang Piri revised "Jin Wengong is not suitable": "If Yang people refuse to accept it, they will humiliate their ancestors, suffer their people and abuse their nephews and uncles.
6. suffer, be trapped in. ● Tang Du Fu's poem "Yi": "The cloth is not warm.
Song Ceng Gong's Xie Yuwen: "Hunger the year before, thieves the year after. ● Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio? Sansheng: "My son-in-law died in middle age and couldn't sell it.
7. disgust. ● "Yanzi Chunqiu? The sixteenth commandment: "People suffer from their own politics, but the world does not do it.
● "Historical Records? Chen She family: "The world in Ku Jin is painful. "Han Shu? "Biography of Han Xin": "The letter went from the countryside to the Nanchang Pavilion, and the wife of the pavilion suffered.
8. hatred, resentment. ● "Nineteen ancient poems? Life is less than 100 ":"The days are short and the nights are long. Why not travel by candlelight? ● Qin Song Guan and Jian Xi Meihua: "Tears are full of hate, and it is not early to hate spring.
● Ming Liuji "Jade Ion? Sorry ":"A group of snipers are afraid of suffering, but dare to disobey. 9. Urgency; Urgent.
"Zhuangzi? Heaven: "Wheel, Xu is willing but not solid, suffering but not advancing." ● Cheng Shu: "Bitter, urgent.
"Liang Shu? "Biography of Cao" (Tian Jian) In October of the following year, Wei Kousi was the prefect ... Wei suffered losses when he attacked Japan, but the city was defeated. Jing Zong can't get out, but Yao Jun is just hunting.
"● Tang Xuanzang" Datang Western Regions? Legend of King Jia of Peyrouzet: "Thieves and bandits are in distress, begging for mourning, calling themselves Buddhas. 10. Work hard; Thanks a lot.
● "Mencius? "Tell Your Son": "So, heaven will give you a big responsibility. You must first suffer from your heart and then your bones and muscles." Zhuangzi? "On Earth": "Day and night are endless, and it is extremely bitter.
● Tang Hanyu's "Praise Fan Zongshi": "Diligent and sensitive, it is very bitter. ● Song Luyou's Notes on the Old Learning Hall, Volume 2: "Zhong Xin's name is clean and honest, and he keeps it diligently.
1 1. Do your best; Do my best. ● Shi Shuo Xin Yu by Liu Yiqing in Southern Song Dynasty? ":"From the beginning of General Wang, Yang Lang refused to accept it.
● Song Luyou's Notes on the Old Learning Temple Volume 1: "(Zhu Xizhen) did not dare to sue, and Jingchu asked him bitterly. ● The Romance of the Three Kingdoms goes back to the fifth and the third: "Liu Bei blocked the way, Yun Chang refused, and left with only 500 school knives.
● A Dream of Red Mansions 1 17: "Baochai saw that Mrs. Wang was sad, so she had to go forward and beg." 12. Disease.
"Zhuangzi? Sheng Da: "(Confucius) saw a husband swimming around and thought he was suffering and wanted to die. Lu Deming's interpretation quoted Sima Biao as saying, "Suffering is accompanied by illness.
● "Purple Tongzhi Sword? Jin Huidi Yuankang nine years: "Although it is slightly bitter, you should try your best to serve the court." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Suffering is also a disease.
"13. refers to illness. ● Tang Xuanzang's "Da Tang Xi Yu Ji"? "Khan was surprised and heartbroken, so he told this group of people that it was a dream and was blamed on it. He invited all the monks to thank him before returning to his life.
"14. Adverbs. Still very, very.
Indicates the degree. ● One of the "acts of kindness" written by Wei in the Three Kingdoms period: "Going up the mountain to pick Wei, I am hungry at dusk.
● Song Sushi's "On November 19th, Ugly Son sends poems to the other shore": "You know this, don't forget it, be careful not to love heights." ● Gao E's poem "Poems on Bamboo and Snow Fragrance" in the Qing Dynasty: "I know that you have been thinking hard about plum trees, and I have been reading plum blossoms recently.
"Flower City" 198 16: "She and a lover of Tao Yichuan, and I have heard from her." 15. Adverb.
Use the same "can". Still.
Represents a turning point. "Water Margin", the third time: "This Mengzhou City is a small place, and that Tucheng is not very bitter.
"●" Qingping Shantang Dialect? Ruochuan Xiao Chen's Mourning for the Overlord: "There is a temple at the north gate, which is not very bitter and makes people burn incense. ● "Surprise at the Second Moment" Volume 4: "It's not far to go there. Let's pack our things together. Let's go and find out where we are.
"16. Last name. ● "Mandarin? In Lu, there is a bitter uncle.
There is also a doctor who succeeded painfully in Wu Yu.
5. What are the sad words to describe "bitterness"?
caprylic acid
suffer
Diseases that damage the heart
heart-broken;grieving
Suffering
Pinyin: [kǔ sè]
Explanation:
1. Bitter taste
Green apples are bitter.
2. Describe that poetry advocates carving, the language is not fluent, and the meaning is obscure.
Tang Li Zhao's Supplement to Tang Shi: "Yuan He wrote a text, so he learned the wonders of Han Yu and the hardships of Fan Zongshi."
3. Describe a sad mood and a dull voice.
He gave a wry smile.
Synonym: bitterness
Antonym: sweet
6. Classical Chinese Wang Rong is seven years old. He tried to swim with the children. He looked at many children on the roadside, breaking branches. All the children scrambled to get 6 and 8, but 9 didn't move. When asked, people replied, "A tree on the roadside, with many children, will suffer." . "Take the letter to attending.
Precautions:
1 taste: once. 2 all: all, all. 3 swim: play, play 4: refers to fruit. ⑤ Broken branches: bent branches. 6 competition: competition, competition. ⑦ Go: Run. Today, this refers to the lining. Wei: Only, only. Attending physician: It's true.
Translation:
When Wang Rong was seven years old, he often played with many children. He saw the plum trees on the roadside bearing many plums, which bent the branches. Many children ran to pick plums, but Wang Rong didn't. Someone asked him (why), and he said, "Trees grow on the roadside but there are many plums. It must be bitter (plum). " I won't believe it until I take it off.
7. Classical Chinese to express grievances 1. The pain in my heart is like a jar of vinegar.
2. Lonely eyes are silent, when will they be found bright, while I am hiding in a dark corner. Three, don't go, please stay, don't make me sad, don't you think it's not enough to hurt me like this? Passing by, you and I don't belong to each other. Indifferent care and goodbye, indifferent feelings and bitterness have turned into dust. We should cherish the present.
It's raining outside the window, one by one, and my tears are Sandy's, like broken beads of rain outside the window. Lu, when tenderness dies and tears dry up, does my retention count now? I just hope it won't be a regret.
Lacquer, when everything can't go back, when I decided to leave, you realized that I was left out. I don't want much, but you don't give enough. Even a gentle hug is happy for me. Yes, for anyone, the biggest grievance in love is that TA is with you, but thinking about another person.
Sadly, you know it clearly, but you have to pretend you don't know it, just afraid that TA will really leave. Modal phrase 9. You have changed, so have I. Tender feelings can't go back, tears gush, and the most familiar ones have become the most heartbreaking.
Knowing that without me in my heart, I will never get what I want, but I can't help but let you see the real me and hide the injured me. 1 1. Stop torturing me. My heart was cut open. It's not blood that comes out, it's the fault of loving you.
One, two, your loneliness made me want to stay, and I accidentally looked back at you. Only lonely people are lonely. 13. You are like milk in my mouth. I am thirsty, hungry, sleepy and tired, but you can't help me. You only moistened me for a while.
14. I feel the most lonely if I want to love but can't love. I tried to be brave, but I couldn't face my trembling eyes in the mirror. I could only say goodbye to everyone close to me. Commitment is just a lie and a beautiful scam, but some people are willing to give up everything for it.
After a long time, the relationship is broken and can't be tied up. Try to let go, go or not, stay or not, I don't want to understand. A painting, if love never comes, if dreams never break, if my heart never hurts, then am I still the person you know? First, my heart is like a million steel needles, and my throat seems to be blocked by something, which is extremely sad.
19. I still have to go, but all that remains is an empty shell. If I stay, I will stay, and my heart will take root again. 20. I lowered my head and bit my lower lip to hold back the tears that were about to flow out of my eyes. My heart is as uncomfortable as knocking over a five-flavor bottle. Why don't people understand me? Why does no one want to be near my heart? Who should I tell my dissatisfaction to? I endure scolding, I endure beating, but who knows why I am so humble? Maybe others don't want to understand me at all, or maybe others don't want to care about me, but I'm still a girl! Can I bear it? 22. I clutched the door with both hands, fell feebly to the ground and began to cry. I regret what I did. Can You Ever Forgive Me? 23. If you like it, you will be moved in your heart for no reason. Falling in love with you is my freedom. Please open the window and let my soul embrace your soul.
You woke me up suddenly, and our acquaintance can be counted in years. You found your love, and I'm still wandering around. If I hadn't met you, if I hadn't fallen in love with you, if I didn't believe it, maybe I wouldn't be who I am now.
Evaluation conditions for intermediate professional titles
One of the evaluation conditions