1. Introduction
The ancients said, "People who dig wells don't forget to eat water." Water conservancy projects undertake the tasks of retaining water, storing water and draining water. The construction is seasonal and often carried out under adverse geological conditions. Therefore, the project construction is systematic and comprehensive, and it is dangerous and sudden, which is easy to cause huge property losses and casualties. For a long time, safety management has become a difficult and weak link in water conservancy construction. How to establish an effective safety production management system is the key to water conservancy construction.
2. The significance of construction safety management of water conservancy projects
Safety management is the core of water conservancy project construction. Establishing the concept of "safety first" is helpful to urge construction enterprises to improve safety production rules and regulations, continuously improve enterprise management level and build core competitiveness, which is the foundation of enterprise production development and the key to benefit one side of the land, ensure people's safe drinking water and promote the stable development of agriculture. The safety management of water conservancy project construction fully embodies the core value of "people-oriented", which is conducive to creating a safe working environment, reducing the hidden dangers of safety production, making the safety concept a corporate culture, thus stimulating the enthusiasm of employees and creating better economic and social benefits for enterprises; Only by establishing a safety management system can construction enterprises adapt to the requirements of construction modernization and promote the healthy development of construction industry, which is the inevitable requirement of global economic integration and the inevitable path for construction industry to participate in global competition.
3. Hidden dangers in the construction of water conservancy projects.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in 20 16 years, there were 60,000 accidents and 4 1 10,000 deaths in China, and the "five major injuries" were the chief culprits of construction casualties. Careful analysis of the causes of the above accidents lies in the following aspects:
(1) Lack of safety management system
The safety management system of water conservancy construction is the basis to ensure the safety of operation. However, many construction enterprises do not pay enough attention to safety issues. Enterprises put economic interests first, and safety in production is just a slogan. Therefore, the safety production management system and responsibility system are not perfect, and the safety management system often becomes a decoration, which cannot fundamentally ensure the safety of water conservancy construction.
(2) The quality of construction personnel is low.
The construction industry is an industry where migrant workers are concentrated, and migrant workers in the construction industry account for about 20% of the total number of migrant workers in China. Because the safety responsibility and the source of funds are not clear, the main responsibility is not implemented, the vocational training of migrant workers in the construction industry is lacking, and the safety production training is not in place, which leads to the lack of safety awareness and self-protection awareness of water conservancy construction personnel, and the implementation of safety production norms is not strict.
(3) Insufficient safety construction technology
In recent years, new technologies, new materials, new equipment and new technology have been widely used in water conservancy construction, especially all kinds of new mechanical equipment have gradually replaced traditional manual labor, which has greatly improved the construction efficiency. Because the managers didn't make safety technical disclosure to the workers seriously, the workers failed to master the essentials skillfully, and safety accidents occurred frequently. Many engineering safety accidents were caused by insufficient performance or untimely maintenance of mechanical equipment.
(4) Lack of safety awareness
In the process of construction, the daily safety management system is not seriously implemented, and there is a sense of carelessness. The safety of field personnel has not been taken seriously. The stacking of materials and the operation of equipment on the job site are not standardized, and there is no special person to supervise the key fire prevention areas. There is no corresponding prevention and control measures for dangerous sources, insufficient attention has been paid to potential safety hazards and signs of accidents, and the handling of safety accidents has not been thorough, resulting in repeated safety accidents.
(5) Lack of security risks investigation
The investigation of hidden dangers in production safety of construction units is not in place, the responsibility of safety supervision is not implemented, the construction of safety supervision team is lacking, the inspection mechanism is not perfect, the supervision means are backward and the supervision intensity is limited. As a result, the safety awareness of construction workers is not strong, effective safety protection facilities are not adopted, and violations are widespread.
4. Safety solutions for water conservancy project construction
(1) Establish the concept of safety management and establish the safety production management system.
Safety is the guarantee of all production. "Without security, there is no benefit". Water conservancy construction enterprises must adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first", so that all departments and personnel always tighten the string of safety, and allocate special funds for safety production not less than 2% of the project cost for investment in safety production, protective equipment and environmental protection. Enterprises must establish their own safety production management system, including the establishment of safety production management system and the establishment of safety control objectives, and build a safety barrier for each process. Among them, the safety production management system includes safety measures planning system, safety regular meeting system, expert demonstration system of special construction scheme, safety production responsibility system, safety technical disclosure system and safety inspection system. To ensure a virtuous circle of institutionalization, form a working mechanism of "decision-making, coordination, supervision and implementation", realize the dynamic supervision of safety production, and ensure the institutionalization, standardization and standardization of the construction process.
(2) Strengthen safety education and training to improve the operation level of security team.
At present, there are frequent safety accidents in China's construction industry, which has a deep relationship with the low quality of construction personnel. It is estimated that less than 2% of migrant workers have received formal training in the construction industry for more than two weeks. In order to truly improve the level of safe construction, water conservancy construction enterprises must strictly implement the provisions of the new Safety Production Law, establish a personnel safety training system, implement three-level safety education, conduct comprehensive safety knowledge education and training for managers and construction personnel, and improve their safety operation ability. In particular, it is necessary to train construction personnel in hazard prevention, improve their alertness and emergency operation ability, and enable them to face various dangerous situations correctly; Establish an emergency rescue system, strengthen inspection and evaluation on the construction site, carry out emergency drills for construction personnel, and improve the emergency rescue system on the construction site. At present, new equipment and technologies are constantly emerging, and enterprises should strengthen training and study, so that workers can correctly master the use methods and improve the safety level of operators.
(3) Standardize the management of the construction site and improve the management of mechanical equipment.
The water conservancy construction site is very complicated, with various processes, operations and equipment intersecting and in a state of movement at any time. Construction enterprises must standardize site management, make a detailed survey of the site topography, features and landforms before construction, do a good job in safety technical disclosure, and determine the safety technical disclosure level according to the engineering characteristics, personnel arrangement and process difficulty. , so that operators can clearly understand the construction methods, operating procedures, construction requirements, etc. , especially the potential safety hazards, hazards and emergency rescue measures. To ensure the "double standardization" of safe production and civilized construction. Water conservancy construction machinery and equipment are numerous and complicated, so the project department should regularly maintain the machinery and equipment, and check it after each use, so as to avoid sick operation or overuse. And strengthen risk early warning and monitoring, focusing on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of safety hazards such as cast-in-place concrete, foundation pit support, earthwork excavation, dewatering engineering, hoisting, etc., and then formulate special engineering construction plans and emergency measures for accident plans.
(4) Enhance safety awareness and carry out daily project safety management.
The project department must implement the safety inspection system and the responsibility system for production safety, and strengthen the environmental protection control of human, machine and materials. The team leader should strengthen the in-class inspection, identify and correctly handle the hazards in time, and correct the irregular operating procedures. If they can't solve it by themselves, they should report to the construction foreman immediately, instead of delaying it for a long time or letting it go. The safety inspection team should strengthen patrol inspection. Once violations and hidden dangers of accidents are found, they should immediately issue a "notice of hidden dangers", regularly order the team to solve them, and decide measures by individuals. Accidents such as falling, collapsing, and hitting by objects are common occurrences, which need the attention of field managers. For example, the tower crane must keep a safe distance from the overhead transmission line, and the distance between hanging objects should not be less than 2 m; Each welder should have a separate switch box, and pay attention to fire and explosion prevention; Protective railings should be set around the deep foundation pit, and operators are not allowed to work under dangerous stones or structures.
(5) Clarify the main responsibility of the enterprise and strengthen the supervision and inspection of safety issues.
Water conservancy construction enterprises must strengthen the supervision and inspection of safety issues, especially for construction projects with large risk factors, establish a professional supervision and management team, and at the same time give full play to the supervisory role, implement safety management, severely punish illegal activities in production safety, and effectively reduce potential safety hazards. The deep-seated reason for the frequent occurrence of safety accidents in the construction industry is that there are illegal acts such as subcontracting, subcontracting and even qualification attachment in construction enterprises, which leads to the lack of responsibility of general contracting, subcontracting, supervision and even contractors for safety production and carelessness in the construction process. In order to effectively prevent water conservancy construction safety accidents, we must first cancel the contract system, let the construction unit directly recruit people, and encourage enterprises to actively strengthen training; Secondly, the safety officer or the construction team leader must work with the workers to strengthen the management of the construction site and find out the potential safety hazards in time; Finally, the safety supervision department should increase penalties for violations, strictly investigate the main responsibility of enterprises, and implement the lifelong accountability system for project managers.
5. Conclusion
Water conservancy projects benefit thousands of households. In 20 17, China will increase its support for water conservancy infrastructure and support the construction of weak links in water conservancy after the disaster. The estimated expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water conservancy is14,358.44 billion yuan. Safety management is the key and difficult point of water conservancy construction management. Water conservancy enterprises must establish a safety production management system, instill safety concepts into all employees, and run safety management through the whole process of the project to provide safety guarantee for water conservancy construction.
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